Life Sciences Commons^™

Development Of Highly Variable Microsatellite Markers For The Tetraploid Silene Stellata (Caryophyllaceae), Juannan Zhou, Michele R. Dudash, Charles B. Fenster, Elizabeth A. Zimmer

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Premise of the study:We designed and tested microsatellite markers for the North American native species Silene stellata (Caryophyllaceae) to investigate its population genetic structure and identify selection on floral design through male reproductive success.

Methods and Results: A total of 153 candidate microsatellite loci were isolated based on next-generation sequencing. We identified 18 polymorphic microsatellite loci in three populations of S. stellata, with di- or trinucleotide repeats. Genotyping results showed the number of alleles per locus ranged from six to 45 and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.511 to 0.951. Five of these loci were successfully amplified in S. …

News Of The Department Of Animal Science, Department Of Animal Science

Animal Science Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Research: South Dakota State University, Fall 2016, Christine Delfanian, Emily Webber

Research: South Dakota State University

CONTENTS:

Cattle primary host for new influenza virus [page] 1
Statisticians evaluate probability models for crime scene evidence [page] 2
Beef reproduction research to increase sperm, embryo survival [page] 4
Chemicals in ice core reveal climate-changing events [page] 6
New pediatric drug delivery method uses corn, milk proteins [page] 8
Strategic application key to biochar application [page] 8
Outstanding Scholars:
Collaborative projects brings pioneer women to life [page] 9
Nurses to learn substance abuse intervention technique [page] 9
Dietitian targets weight management, goal-setting to improve health [page] 10
Photovoltaic group helps Pakistani scientists harness sun's energy [page] 10
New capabilities …

News Of The Department Of Animal Science, Department Of Animal Science

Animal Science Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Quantifying Undisturbed (Native) Lands In Eastern South Dakota: 2013, Pete Bauman, Benjamin Carlson, Tanner Butler

Quantifying Undisturbed (Native) Lands in Eastern South Dakota: 2013

We employed simple GIS methods primarily utilizing the South Dakota Farm Service Agency’s Common Land Unit (CLU) data layers from 2013, along with 2012 US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) county mosaic aerial imagery, to evaluate approximately 22.6 million acres of land in the 44 counties that comprise eastern South Dakota. Mapping of this total project area was done in three distinct project phases from 2014 through 2016. We utilized the CLU data layer, queried to show current and former cropland, to first identify and remove any areas with a cropping history, regardless of current land …

Rapid Land Cover Map Updates Using Change Detection And Robust Random Forest Classifiersrapid Land Cover Map Updates Using Change Detection And Robust Random Forest Classifiers, Konrad J. Wassels, Frans Van Den Bergh, David P. Roy, Brian P. Salmon, Karen C. Steenkemp, Bryan Macalister, Derick Swanepoel, Debbie Jewitt

GSCE Faculty Publications

The paper evaluated the Landsat Automated Land Cover Update Mapping (LALCUM) system designed to rapidly update a land cover map to a desired nominal year using a pre-existing reference land cover map. The system uses the Iteratively Reweighted Multivariate Alteration Detection (IRMAD) to identify areas of change and no change. The system then automatically generates large amounts of training samples (n > 1 million) in the no-change areas as input to an optimized Random Forest classifier. Experiments were conducted in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa using a reference land cover map from 2008, a change mask between 2008 and …

Climate Change Impacts On Freshwater Wetland Hydrology And Vegetation Cover Cycling Along A Regional Aridity Gradient, Philip A. Fay, Glenn R. Guntenspergen, Jennifer H. Olker, W. Carter Johnson

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Global mean temperature may increase up to 6°C by the end of this century and together with precipitation change may steepen regional aridity gradients. The hydrology, productivity, and ecosystem services from freshwater wetlands depend on their future water balance. We simulated the hydrology and vegetation dynamics of wetland complexes in the North American Prairie Pothole Region with the WETLANDSCAPE model. Simulations for 63 precipitation × temperature combinations spanning 6°C warming and −20% to +20% annual precipitation change at 19 locations along a mid-continental aridity gradient showed that aridity explained up to 99% of the variation in wetland stage and hydroperiod …

An Examination Of Factors Associated With Self-Efficacy For Food Choice And Healthy Eating Among Low-Income Adolescents In Three Us States, Nancy W. Muturi, Tandalayo Kidd, Tazrin Khan, Kendra Kattelmann, Susan Zies, Erika Lindshield, Koushik Adhikari

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Self-efficacy is a crucial component in effective health communication and health promotion interventions and serves as a moderator for behavior change. Although awareness and risk perception are important in the behavior change process, self-efficacy gives people the necessary confidence in their ability to engage in advocated health behaviors. In addressing childhood obesity, self-efficacy plays a crucial role in dietary decisions. Informed by the social cognitive theory, this study examines the personal and environmental factors that determine self-efficacy for healthy food choices and healthy eating among adolescents in low-income communities.
Methods: A survey was administered among adolescents in sixth to …

Consequences Of Hatch Phenology On Stages Of Fish Recruitment, David M. Bogner, Mark A. Kaemingk, Melissa R. Wuellner

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Little is known about how hatch phenology (e.g., the start, peak, and duration of hatching) could influence subsequent recruitment of freshwater fishes into a population. We used two commonly sympatric fish species that exhibit different hatching phenologies to examine recruitment across multiple life stages. Nine yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) annual cohorts were sampled from 2004 through 2013 across larval, age-0, age-1, and age-2 life stages in a Nebraska (U.S.A.) Sandhill lake. Yellow perch hatched earlier in the season and displayed a more truncated hatch duration compared to bluegill. The timing of hatch influenced recruitment dynamics for …

Mice With A Heterozygous Lrp6 Deletion Have Impaired Fracture Healing, Travis A. Burgers, Juan F. Vivanco, Juraj Zahatnansky, Andrew J. Vander Moren, James J. Mason, Bart O. Williams

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Bone fracture non-unions, the failure of a fracture to heal, occur in 10%–20% of fractures and are a costly and debilitating clinical problem. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is critical in bone development and fracture healing. Polymorphisms of linking low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), a Wnt-binding receptor, have been associated with decreased bone mineral density and fragility fractures, although this remains controversial. Mice with a homozygous deletion of Lrp6 have severe skeletal abnormalities and are not viable, whereas mice with a heterozygous deletion have a combinatory effect with Lrp5 to decrease bone mineral density. As fracture healing closely models embryonic skeletal …

Rapid Surface Water Volume Estimations In Beaver Ponds, Daniel J. Karran, Cherie J. Westbrook, Joseph M. Wheaton, Carol A. Johnston, Angela Bedard-Haughn

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Beaver ponds are surface water features that are transient through space and time. Such qualities complicate the inclusion of beaver ponds in local and regional water balances, and in hydrological models, as reliable estimates of surface water storage are difficult to acquire without time and labour intensive topographic surveys. A simpler approach to overcome this challenge is needed, given the abundance of the beaver ponds in North America, Eurasia and southern South America. We investigated whether simple morphometric characteristics derived from readily available aerial imagery or quickly measured field attributes of beaver ponds can be used to approximate surface water …

An Integrative And Applicable Phylogenetic Footprinting Framework For Cis-Regulatory Motifs Identification In Prokaryotic Genomes, Bingqiang Liu, Hanyuan Zhang, Chaun Zhou, Guojaun Li, Anne Fennell, Guanghui Wang, Yu Kang, Qi Liu

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Background: Phylogenetic footprinting is an important computational technique for identifying cis-regulatory motifs in orthologous regulatory regions from multiple genomes, as motifs tend to evolve slower than their surrounding non-functional sequences. Its application, however, has several difficulties for optimizing the selection of orthologous data and reducing the false positives in motif prediction. Results: Here we present an integrative phylogenetic footprinting framework for accurate motif predictions in prokaryotic genomes (MP3 ). The framework includes a new orthologous data preparation procedure, an additional promoter scoring and pruning method and an integration of six existing motif finding algorithms as basic motif search engines. Specifically, …

Growing South Dakota (Summer 2016), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 2 Breaking New Ground SDSU Leads Nation With Precision Agriculture Initiative
[Page] 6 In The Driver's Seat Utility Vehicles Provide Students Hands-On Precision Ag Experience
[Page] 7 Introduction To Industry Travel To National Events Opens Opportunities For Students
[Page] 9 On The Ground SDSU Extension Specialists Have Vital Role In Bringing Data To Producers
[Page] 10 Curricula Collaboration SDSU Leaders Among Team Preparing Future Precision Ag Coursework
[Page] 12 Future Focus Ag 2020 Plan Prompts Important Reinvestments In State's Ag Experiment Station
[Page] 13 The Power Of Connections Connected Approach Helps Solve "Real-Life" Problems To Benefit Animal And …

Quality Changes And Freezing Time Prediction During Freezing And Thawing Of Ginger, Poonam Singha, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan

Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Publications

Effects of different freezing rates and four different thawing methods on chemical composition, microstructure, and color of ginger were investigated. Computer simulation for predicting the freezing time of cylindrical ginger for two different freezing methods (slow and fast) was done using ANSYS® Multiphysics. Different freezing rates (slow and fast) and thawing methods significantly (P < 0.05) affected the color and composition of essential oil in ginger. Fresh ginger was found to contain 3.60% gingerol and 18.30% zingerone. A maximum yield of 7.43% gingerol was obtained when slow frozen gingers when thawed by infrared method. Maximum zingerone content of 38.30% was achieved by thawing slow frozen gingers using infrared-microwave method. Microscopic examination revealed that structural damage was more pronounced in slow frozen gingers than fast frozen gingers. Simulated freezing curves were in good agreement with experimental measurements (r = 0.97 for slow freezing and r = 0.92 for fast freezing). Slow freezing damaged ginger’s cellular structure. Data obtained will be helpful in selecting appropriate thawing method to increase desirable essential oil components in ginger. Computer simulation for predicting freezing time may help in developing proper storage system of ginger.

Impacts Of Mowing Treatments On Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus Inermis) Belowground Bud Bank, L. Xu, J. Young, A. Boe, J. R. Hendrickson, N. H. Troelstrup Jr.

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Introduced in the 1880s for improving forage production and controlling soil erosion, smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) has invaded and is threating numerous native prairie ecosystems and wildlife habitats in the Northern Great Plains. Land managers of the mixed-grass prairie ecosystems currently spend significant resources attempting to control invasive species and restore native grasslands with various management strategies including grazing, prescribed burning, herbicide application and seeding native species. Unfortunately, many studies have showed that such management efforts have minimal short-term effects. Without sustained effort, persistence and resurgence of smooth bromegrass is inevitable.

Sdsu Calf Value Discovery 2013/2014 Summary Report, J.A. Walker, W.C. Rusche

Animal Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Sdsu Calf Value Discovery 2012/2013 Summary Report, J.A. Walker, W.C. Rusche

Animal Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Two Different Methods To Harvest Drought‐Damaged Corn, W.C. Rusche, J.A. Walker

Animal Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Propionate Salt Levels On Young Cow Reproductive Performance, J.A. Walker, G.A. Perry, K.C. Olson

Animal Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Sdsu Calf Value Discovery 2011 Summary Report, J.A. Walker, B.P. Holland, C.L. Wright, W.C. Rusche

Animal Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Three Cidr Based Fixed-Time Ai Protocols For Beef Heifers, G.A. Perry, J.K. Grant, J.A. Walker, G.A. Bridges, S.G. Kruse, S. Bird, K. Heaton, R. Arias, S.L. Lake

Animal Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Complex Effects Of Value-Added Livestock Ventures, Matthew A. Diersen

Economics Commentator

Value-added agriculture ventures are generally touted as being positive for a region’s economy. A product formerly shipped elsewhere may now be processed or modified locally or regionally, providing additional employment and related economic activity. Ethanol production, for example, disrupts the pattern of sending corn out of a region, but usually occurs where corn production is already prevalent. Consider, instead, the implications of a new livestock production facility. In this article, observations are made at the state and county levels related to livestock ventures. Kingsbury County is examined for potential effects on the production agriculture (or farming) sector. A livestock venture …

Scientific Literacy Of Equine Students Regarding The Use Of Antibiotics And Vaccines, Sara L. Mastellar, R.C. Bott

Animal Science Faculty Publications

There exists much misinformation about antibiotic and vaccine use. An understanding of these topics is important for the use of these tools for the best equine health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate students’ understanding of antibiotics and vaccines, identify learned misinformation, and establish baseline data. A survey was administered at the beginning of Equine Health & Disease (AS 213) and Horse Production (AS 365) at South Dakota State University during the spring 2016 semester. AS 213 is not a prerequisite for AS 365. Results of the survey suggest that students may come with some understanding of …

Jumpin’ Jacks: Social Marketing Campaign Aimed To Increase Awareness Of Healthful Behavior In South Dakota Fourth Grade Students, Megan N. Olesen, Kendra Kattelmann, Jessica Meendering, Suzanne Stluka

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

This study investigated the influence of utilizing a collegiate mascot as a marketing tool for the promotion of fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity among 4th grade students. The program utilized service learning and formative research for the development of a social marketing campaign comprised of nutrition education and brand marketing. A pre-test/post-test design was used to measure fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity in participants in intervention and control schools. Awareness and understanding of the campaign was assessed post-intervention. There were no changes in fruit and vegetable intake or physical activity. However, 91% of the intervention students …

Physiological And Molecular Characterisation Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.) Germplasm With Improved Seedling Freezing Tolerance, M. Rokebul Anowar, Anne Fennell, Arvid Boe, Ivan W. Mott, Michael D. Peel, Yajun Wu

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

We conducted greenhouse experiments to compare 14 lucerne (alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.) germplasms for their survival following freezing. Some are collections adapted to the Grand River National Grasslands in South Dakota. We hypothesised that these collections might have developed a tolerance to survive the frigid growth conditions common there. Two of these collections, River side (RS) and Foster ranch (FR), showed greater freezing tolerance than the other germplasms tested, based on their consistent survival rates with or without cold acclimation. In multiple freezing studies, RS and FR had average survival rates of 74% and 79%, respectively, in contrast to the …

News Of The Department Of Animal Science, Department Of Animal Science

Animal Science Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Research Update: Bud Bank Ecology For Understanding Perennial Grass Persistence, Lan Xu

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Grassland ecosystems often demonstrate very remarkable resiliency to severe natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Such resiliency following disturbances comes from either seed banks (germinable seeds in the soil) or bud banks (meristems or buds, such as bulbs, bulbils, and buds on rhizomes, corms, and tubers, that generate vegetative tissues). Although seeds are important for dispersal, initial colonization, and maintenance of genetic diversity; few grass seeds persist in the soil more than five years, plus seed production often is unreliable under grazing. Recent studies have demonstrated that >99% of aboveground stems in undisturbed tallgrass prairie were recruited from the bud bank while <1% were recruited from the seed bank. Even under grazed or disturbed sites in tallgrass prairie, belowground buds make a significantly larger contribution (80%) to plant recruitment than do seeds (20%).

Maize, Switchgrass, And Ponderosa Pine Biochar Added To Soil Increased Herbicide Sorption And Decreased Herbicide Efficacy, Sharon A. Clay, Kaitlynn K. Krack, Stephanie A. Bruggeman, Sharon Papiernik, Thomas E. Schumacher

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Biochar, a by-product of pyrolysis made from a wide array of plant biomass when producing biofuels, is a proposed soil amendment to improve soil health. This study measured herbicide sorption and efficacy when soils were treated with low (1% w/w) or high (10% w/w) amounts of biochar manufactured from different feedstocks [maize (Zea mays) stover, switchgrass (Panicum vigatum), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)], and treated with different post-processing techniques. Twenty-four hour batch equilibration measured sorption of ¹⁴C-labelled atrazine or 2,4-D to two soil types with and without biochar amendments. Herbicide efficacy was measured …

Greater Bud Outgrowth Of Bromus Inermis Than Pascopyrum Smithii Under Multiple Environmental Conditions, Jacqueline P. Ott, Jack L. Butler, Yuping Rong, Lan Xu

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Tiller recruitment of perennial grasses in mixed-grass prairie primarily occurs from belowground buds. Environmental conditions, such as temperature, soil moisture and grazing can affect bud outgrowth of both invasive and native perennial grasses. Differential bud outgrowth responses of native and invasive species to climate change and grazing could alter competitive interactions that have implications for future land management. The aims of this work were to (i) compare how spring temperature altered bud outgrowth of native Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Á. Löve (western wheatgrass) and introduced Bromus inermis Leyss.(smooth brome), (ii) compare how watering frequency altered bud outgrowth of these two species …

Mapping Temperate Vegetation Climate Adaptation Variability Using Normalized Land Surface Phenology, Liang Liang, Mark D. Schwartz, Xiaoyang Zhang

GSCE Faculty Publications

Climate influences geographic differences of vegetation phenology through both contemporary and historical variability. The latter effect is embodied in vegetation heterogeneity underlain by spatially varied genotype and species compositions tied to climatic adaptation. Such long-term climatic effects are difficult to map and therefore often neglected in evaluating spatially explicit phenological responses to climate change. In this study we demonstrate a way to indirectly infer the portion of land surface phenology variation that is potentially contributed by underlying genotypic differences across space. The method undertaken normalized remotely sensed vegetation start-of-season (or greenup onset) with a cloned plants-based phenological model. As the …