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Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 1974, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This fourteenth annual report of the research program at the Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm has special significance for those engaged in agriculture and the agriculturally related businesses in the nine county area of southeast South Dakota. Reports in this document include information on: temperatures and precipitation data, corn breeding and performance, soybean research and planting, crop rotation.

West River Agricultural Research And Extension Center Progress Report, 1974, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1974 annual progress report of the West River Crops Soils Research and Extension Center, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This report includes: a weather summary, small grain variety trials, sorghum forage trials, soybean variety trials, irrigated alfalfa trials, water management trials, crop disease control, as well as information on hard red wheat responses to Bacillus uniflagellatus, and field plot information.

Financial Analysis South Dakota Farm Panel Records Program 1973, Herbert R. Allen

Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)

The data in this report have been obtained from a selected number of farms located in Central South Dakota. It is a summary of data gathered in a pilot program for the development of a computerized farm financial information system. For this reason the data in this report cannot be interpreted as representative of all farms or areas in South Dakota, However, it can serve as a guide to those persons with farm operations similar to the ones included in this report. Data is presented in this report on the average of all farms participating in the record keeping activities. …

Central Crops And Soils Research Station Highmore, South Dakota: Annual Progress Report, 1974, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1974 progress report for the Central Crops and Soils Research Station at Highmore, South Dakota State College. This document represents the research conducted at the Station during the 1974 crop season including: weather data, small grain variety testing, specialty crop testing, sorghum testing, crop production and management, crop disease control.

Diethylstilbestrol, Zeranol Or Synovex-S Implants For Growing Steers, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1974

Numerous experiments during the past several years have shown that implanting feedlot steers or heifers with diethylstilbestrol (DES), zeranol or Synovex results in an increase in rate of gain with improved feed efficiency. Comparisons between the three products under various conditions are more limited. Therefore, comparative effects of DES, zeranol and Synovex-S were tested in a growing experiment where steers were full-fed corn silage with 2 lb. per head daily of protein supplement for a period of about 3 months.

Protein Supplementation For Finishing Cattle Fed All-Concentrate Or Low Roughage (Alfalfa) Diets, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1974

The experiment reported here was conducted to determine the need for supplemental protein in all-concentrate diets composed largely of corn grain and in diets with low levels of roughage (4 lb. of alfalfa haylage). Cattle fed supplements with soybean meal or urea were compared to those fed similar diets without supplemental protein to the corn or corn and alfalfa haylage.

Pine Sawdust As A Roughage Substitute In Beef Finishing Rations, L. D. Kamstra

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1974

Previous reports discussed toxicity trials with untreated sawdust, indicating no toxicity to ruminants when fed up to 25% of the ration. The low digestibility (7-10%) of softwood sawdust produced from the mills in western South Dakota limits its usage as a major ration component. The objective of this experiment is to demonstrate the usage of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) sawdust as a nonnutritive roughage component in beef finishing rations.

Effects Of Monensin On Feedlot Performance Of Growing And Finishing Steers, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1974

Feed additives have become an important part of rations for feedlot cattle during the past several years. They have been shown to being about improved performance in various ways such as stimulating growth, favorable alterations in fermentative and synthetic activity of the digestive tract and improvement in general health of the animals allowing more efficienct absorption and utilization of nutrients consumed.

Eighteenth Annual Cattle Feeders Day, Animal Science Department

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1974

These are the complete proceedings of the eighteenth annual Cattle Feeders Day held on November 1, 1974 at South Dakota State University.

Soybean Meal And Urea Supplements With Corn Silage At Various Stages Of Feeding For Growing Cattle, L. B. Embry, W. S. Swan

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1974

Calves weaned and fed supplements containing urea generally have a period of reduced performance in comparison to those fed soybean meal supplements. The period of reduced gains may last for 3 to 4 weeks for calves unapted to urea, but it may vary in legnth and severity depending upon the level of urea, energy concentration of the diet, age of cattle and stresses to which subjected prior to arrival and at the feedlot. The period of reduced performance appears to become of lesser importance with increasing age of the cattle.

Quality Measurement Of Hay Stored By Large Hay Packaging Systems, L. D. Kamstra, R. Schrempp, P. Turnquist, C. Johnson

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1974

The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent large hay package storage retained the initial forage quality by measurement of seven quality parameters over an extended period. The Hesston 60 and Haybuster 1800 were used as examples of hay packaging systems for study.

Meeting Today's Economic Crises : Highlights Of Papers Presented At The Twelfth Agri-Business Day, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Department Of Economics, South Dakota State University

Agricultural Experiment Station Agricultural Economics Pamphlets (1941-1991)

Meeting Today’s Economic Crisis Highlights of Papers Presented at the Twelfth Agri-Business Day – April 2, 1974 Economics in a World of Change Agricultural Exports – Cornerstone for Progress [Page] 1 South Dakota and the Changing Value of the Dollar [Page] 9 Expected Economics of South Dakota Crop and Livestock Enterprises in 1974 [Page] 15 Problems in Moving Grain [Page] 21 Some Consideration for Planning South Dakota’s Grain Transportation System [Page] 27 The Competitive System – Where to From Here [Page] 31

South Dakota Farm And Home Research, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

An Interview with the Dean [p] 3
Trickle Irrigation [p] 8
Oats: Your Protein Source [p] 11
Replacement Beef Heifers [p] 14
One-Stop Irrigation Center [p] 17
Spraying for Wheat Rust [p] 21
Flax: Breaking the Yield Barrier [p] 23
Away from “Real Trouble” [p] 26
Garrison Creeping Meadow Foxtail [p] 30
A Bromegrass that Doesn’t Quit [p] 34
Silage from High-Sugar Corn [p] 36

South Dakota Farm And Home Research, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

Interview with the Director [p] 2
Sunflower Meal or Rapeseed Meal in Calf Rations [p] 7
Alfalfa Under Dryland and Irrigation [p] 10
Across-Slope Farming Saves Rainfall Runoff [p] 14
When Fertilizer Supply Runs Short:
Depend on Soil Testing [p] 18
Soybean Crop Will Meet its Own Nitrogen Needs [p] 20
Match Spring Wheat Variety to Available Nitrogen [p] 23
Assemble it Yourself “Farmer Helper” [p] 27
Iron in Irrigation Water [p] 28
Stretch Your Irrigation Budget [p] 29
Spraying for Alfalfa Weevil [p] 32
Problems in Moving Grain [p] 34
Pea Beans [p] 38

James Valley Agricultural Research And Extension Center Annual Progress Report, 1974, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1974 progress report for the James Valley Agricultural Research and Extension Center. The reports in this document represent the research conducted at the Center during 1973. The report includes weather data, Corn and grain sorghum performance trials, information on plowing vs. disking for corn, sunflower variety trials, reclamation and improvement of solodized solonetz soils, irrigation water management practices for crop production, air pollution detection using plants, increasing water efficiency of smooth bromegrass through plant selection, seed production of Kentucky bluegrass, oat, barley, and grain performances, corn and soybean performance test, vegetable research, and the effects of fertilizers …

Beekeeping In South Dakota, R.J. Walstrom, B.H. Kantack, W.L. Berndt

SDSU Extension Circulars

Beekeeping has provided many persons with a satisfying and continually interesting hobby. To others it means a profitable sideline easily fitted to a farming or other full-time occupation. The commercial beekeeper finds that this phase of agriculture provides him with an independent and respectable way of making a comfortable living. The purpose of this bulletin is to provide persons who are interested in starting a few colonies of bees a source of basic information suited to the Northern Great Plains conditions. South Dakota provides the essential natural ingredients for the production of sizable crops of high quality honey. Honey bees …

South Dakota Farm And Home Research, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

This issue includes the 87th Annual Experiment Station Annual Report.

Agricultural Engineering [p] 4
Animal Science [p] 8
Biochemistry [p] 15
Dairy Science [p] 16
Economics [p] 20
Entomology-Zoology [p] 24
Home Economics [p] 25
Horticulture-Forestry [p] 26
Plant Science [p] 28
Rural Sociology [p] 38
Veterinary Science [p] 39
Wildlife and Fisheries [p] 40
Advisory Groups [p] 42
Staff [p] 42
Budget [p] 46

Corixidae (Water Boatmen) Abundance And Contribution To Littoral Zone Fish Forage In Lake Poinsett, South Dakota, Richard Lee Applegate

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Corixids were sampled each week in littoral zone areas of Lake Poinsett during the open water seasons, April-October, in 1970, 1971, and 1972. Fish were sampled each week in littoral zone areas in 1970 and food habits studies were conducted to determine if fish predation would influence corixid population dynamics. Seven genera and 15 species of the family Corixidae were collected. Major indigenous species were Palmarcorixa buenoi Abbott, Trichocorixa borealis Sailer, Cenocorixa dakotensis (Hungerford), and Sigara conocephala (Hungerford). Species migrating to Lake Poinsett in the fall to overwinter were Sigara alternata (Say), S. solensis (Hungerford), S. bicoloripennis (Walley), Hesperocorixa vulgaris …

In Vitro And In Vivo Evaluation Of Protecting Whey Protein Concentrate For Ruminants, David Rodriguez Maltos

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In experiment I a series of in vitro buffer and rumen fermentation studies were conducted to evaluate protein solubility at pH 6.8 and pH 2.5 (with pepsin) and ammonia production from whey protein concentrates (WPC, 55% protein) treated with 0, .25, .5, 1.0, and 3% formaldehyde; 1, .5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 6% tannic acid; and 0, 1, 2, and 3 hr of heat treatment at 104 C. Protein solubility and ammonia production from casein treated with 0, .5, 1.0, and 3% formaldehyde and 0, .5, 1.0, and 3% tannic acid were also studied. All levels of formaldehyde treatment of …

Effects Of Fungus-Fermented Soybeans On Broiler Growth And Life Cycle Performance Of Coturnix Quail, Cheong Choo Chah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Despite the extensive data that have accumulated on the detrimental effect of molds on the growth of farm animals, very little is known as to the beneficial role of fungi in animal feed. Recent studies at South Dakota State University research laboratories revealed, however, that only 164 of 392 strains of Aspergilli were found to be toxic. When the cultures were grown on sterile soybeans or wheat, some of the tested cultures exerted positive effects on growth of chicks and mice. Hence, the investigations reported herein were initiated to obtain further information on those cultures beneficial to chick performance and …

Initiation Of Parturition In Dairy Cows With Dexamethasone And Dexamethasone Plus Estradiol Benzoate, Gary Lee Beardsley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Parturition was initiated in 25 of 29 (Trial 1) and 26 of 26 (Trial 2) Holstein cows given dexamethasone (Trial 1), 4.4 mg/100 kg body weight, or dexamethasone plus .25 mg estradiol benzoate (Trial 2) at day 273 of gestation. Parturition occurred at 45.l z +/-11.1 h (Trial 1) and 40.8 ± 9.6 h (Trial 2) after injection. Twenty-nine control cows (Trial 1) and 26 control cows (Trial 2) had average gestation lengths of 280 and 281 days, respectively. In Trial 1, calving difficulty was greater (P <.05) while birth weight of calves was 3.0 kg less (P<.05) for the induced cows compared to controls. In Trial 2, no differences in calving difficulty were found, while calf birth weight was 2.5 kg less (P <.10) for the induced cows compared to controls. Average birth weights of calves were 42.4 and 45.4 kg, Trial 1; and L~o.8 and 43.3 kg for Trial 2, for induced and control groups. Severity of udder edema did not differ for either trial. Average daily milk production for the first 9 wk of lactation was 2l~.8 kg and 27.8 kg (Trial 1) and 24.2 kg and 27.7 kg (Trial 2), for induced and control groups. In both trials, differences in milk fat or fat corrected milk were nil. Total milk production (305 day-2X-mature equivalent) was not significantly different for either trial. Changes in body weight were similar for control and induced cows in both trials. The incidence of retained placental membranes was 76 and 10'/4 (Trial 1) and 50 and 4% (Trial 2) for induced and control cows. Average days to first heat, days to firs+, service, days to conception, and services per conception for induced cows were: 58 .4, 79-9, 117.8, 2.0 (Trial l); 80.7, 81.4, 102.2, 1.64 (Trial 2); and for control cows were: 58.6, 82.3, 105.5, 1.8 (Trial l); 89.0, 91.4, 128~6, 1.94 (Trial 2). In Trial 1, the incidence of milk fever in cows with no previous history was 24 and 10'/4 for induced a"'1.d control cows. There were no differences in the incidence of metabolic disorders in Trial 2. Results of California Mastitis Tests were similar for control and induced cows in both trials. In both Trial 1 and Trial 2, fat, protein, total solids, and gamma globulin content of the colostrum did not differ between control an treatment groups;· Casein values were lower (P <.05) for the treatment group in both trials. Average daily gains from 0 to 10 weeks were .63 and .60 kg, for Trial 1; and .51 and .46 kg, for Trial 2, for induced and control calves. No differences were found in calf death loss or health disorders between groups. Similar levels of serum gamma globulin were found for both groups at 0 (before sucking) and 3 days of age in both trials. No meaningful differences were found in total serum protein, albumin, and alpha and beta globulin levels in both trials. No differences were found at birth, in chest depth, shoulder width, head circumference, hip width, and wither height of calves.

Characterization Of A Bovine Parvovirus, Thomas J. Langpap

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Bovine parvovirus has been shown to produce calf scours (40). Although exact figures are unavailable, a sizeable economic loss is suffered annually by South Dakotans as a result of this disease. Bovine parvovirus has been isolated in South Dakota (7). However, the extent of exposure to the virus is unknown. The object of this study is to characterize the South Dakota parvovirus isolate and determine by serological methods the extent of exposure in cattle. A preliminary study to determine the ability of parvovirus to cause abortion in cattle will also be undertaken.

Color And Light Intensity Preferences Of Four Species Of Alate Cereal Aphids, Donald A. Dickmann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Color and light intensity preferences of 4 species of alate cereal aphids, the English grain aphid, Macrosiphum avenae (Fab.); oat bird-cherry aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.); corn leaf aphid, R. maidis (Fitch); greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani); were tested under controlled conditions. No significant differences in color response were found between post-teneral (flight-active) and flight-exhausted alates of any species. Macrosiphum avenae, R. maidis, and S. graminum showed a distinct preference for yellow; R. padi usually preferred green. Alates of all species preferred high light intensities to low within the range tested (350-3500 ft-c). Preferred colors (yellow and green) were more important than …

Quantitative Gene Action And Interrelationships Of Protein Content With Some Metrical Traits Of Oats, Harbans Singh Sraon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objectives of this study were (a) to determine gene action, heritability and number of effective factors controlling protein content in oats, (b) to investigate the interrelationships of protein content with other agronomic characters, and (c) to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing A. sterilis germplasm in oat breeding projects. Four genetically distinct cultivars with protein content ranging from 15.7 to 26.6 percent were crossed in all possible combinations to make a complete set of diallel crosses. The data suggested additive gene action and partial dominance for protein content. Groat percentage and number of panicles showed overall partial dominance. Yield and …

Gonadal Hormone Levels Prior To And Following Puberty In Straightbred And Crossbred Beef Heifers, Walter Ronald Parker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Five heifers from each of four breed groups (Angus x Angus, Charolais x Charolais and the two reciprocal crosses) were used in a study of gonadal hormone levels during the interval from 16 weeks before puberty to puberty (trial I). Puberty was defined as the first standing estrus. Two heifer calves from dams from each of the above breed groups and sired by a single Polled Hereford bull were used in a study of gonadal hormone levels from birth to weaning (trial II). Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals from trial I heifers before puberty and three times weekly …

The Effects Of Gestation Metabolizable Energy Levels On Sow Productivity And Hematology, George W. Libal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

It has been estimated that of the potential ova shed by the sow on1y about 55% result in live pigs born. Reproductive inefficiency can occur as a result of oversupplying or undersupplying energy. Since 1959, the National Research Council has reduced its listed energy requirements for the gravid sow considerably. The studies reported herein were conducted to evaluate metabolizable energy (ME) levels for gestating sows at and below the recommended levels and measure their effect on sow productivity as well as sow hematology at various stages of reproduction. Two experiments, each consisting of three trials, were conducted. Experiment 1, two …

Improving Water Use Efficiency Of Smooth Bromegrass By Selecting For Regrowth, Delmer F. Gross

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Sixty-nine genotypes, including 60 from the variety Saratoga smooth bromegrass, three from South Dakota 7 smooth bromegrass, and two each of reed canarygrass, orchardgrass, and creeping meadow foxtail as check species were selected for regrowth from a source nursery containing over 37,000 genotypes. In addition, four genotypes of Saratoga with poor regrowth capability were selected as checks. These 73 genotypes were placed in a greenhouse environment to evaluate digestibility (IVDMD), and other characteristics. After three harvests, 34 genotypes were vegetatively propagated in a field experiment to determine regrowth capabilities. NCE rates were not correlated highly with yield in the greenhouse …

Parasites Of Salmonid Fishes From Southcentral Alaska, James Carl Riis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The importance of fish parasites is directly related to the value of the fish they affect. Alaskan salmonids are extremely important and are constantly increasing in value to the United States. Other countries, such as Japan and Russia, are also finding Alaskan salmonids important as a foodstuff. If human populations continue growing at present rates, in only a few years there could be twice as many people eating fish. As a recreational asset in Alaska, salmonids rank at or near the top, both for sportfishing and as a natural attraction. It is thus important from an economic point of view …