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Effects Of Naturalized Population Of Yellow-Flowered Alfalfa On Species Richness And Biomass Production Of Native Rangeland, Lan Xu, Arvid Boe, Patricia Johnson, Kevin Kephart
Effects Of Naturalized Population Of Yellow-Flowered Alfalfa On Species Richness And Biomass Production Of Native Rangeland, Lan Xu, Arvid Boe, Patricia Johnson, Kevin Kephart
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
The occurrence of naturalized yellow-flowered alfalfa on private and adjacent public rangeland in northwestern South Dakota presents a dilemma. Its ability to reproduce naturally in native rangeland demonstrates its value for rehabilitating severely depleted rangelands and increasing forage production and quality, soil carbon and soil nitrogen levels. On the other hand, the spread of alfalfa into native rangeland potentially threatens native biological diversity and may result in changes in ecological processes and functions (e.g., alteration of pools and flows of energy and nutrients). A study was initiated on the Grand River National Grassland in 2003 to determine the effects of …
Effects Of Prairie Dogs And Cattle On Vegetation Disappearance On Prairie Dog Towns In Mixed-Grass Prairie, Matthew B. Stoltenberg, Patricia S. Johnson, Alexander J. Smart, Lax Xu
Effects Of Prairie Dogs And Cattle On Vegetation Disappearance On Prairie Dog Towns In Mixed-Grass Prairie, Matthew B. Stoltenberg, Patricia S. Johnson, Alexander J. Smart, Lax Xu
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
Quantitative data is lacking on competition between prairie dogs and cattle for forage on mixed-grass prairie pastures. The objective of this study was to determine the disappearance of vegetation attributable to cattle and prairie dogs on pastures with prairie dog towns. During the summers of 2002 and 2003, biomass estimates were made periodically on three mixed-grass prairie pastures in south central South Dakota that had varying degrees of prairie dog town coverage (percent of pasture area). Two types of grazing exclosures were established. Cattle exclosures allowed grazing by prairie dogs only. Cattle/prairie dog exclosures excluded both herbivores. Permanent plots outside …
Intramuscular Tenderness Variation Within Four Muscles Of The Beef Chuck, Gina A. Searls, Robert J. Maddock, Duane M. Wulf
Intramuscular Tenderness Variation Within Four Muscles Of The Beef Chuck, Gina A. Searls, Robert J. Maddock, Duane M. Wulf
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
To evaluate the potential for steak production from beef chuck muscles, we evaluated intramuscular tenderness variation within four beef chuck muscles: infraspinatus (IF), supraspinatus (SS), triceps brachii (TB), and serratus ventralis (SV). The IF, SS, TB, and SV muscles were cut into 1-in-thick steaks perpendicular to the long axis of the muscle. An identification tag was placed on each steak consisting of a muscle identification number, steak number, and orientation of the steak. Steaks were vacuum-packaged and stored at -8° F until used. Steaks were thawed at 34° F and broiled on electric broilers to an internal temperature of 160° …
Ability Of Cidrs Or Melengestrol Acetate To Initiate Estrous Cycles In Early Postpartum Beef Cows, G. A. Perry, T. W. Geary
Ability Of Cidrs Or Melengestrol Acetate To Initiate Estrous Cycles In Early Postpartum Beef Cows, G. A. Perry, T. W. Geary
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
Postpartum anestrous interval in beef cows is a major factor contributing to reproductive failure during a defined breeding season. Our objectives were to determine the ability of a controlled internal drug-releasing device (CIDR), or melengestrol acetate (MGA) to induce ovulation and to eliminate short estrous cycles. Multiparous beef cows (n = 75) were equally assigned by age, days postpartum, body condition, and body weight to one of three treatments: CIDR, MGA, or control. All cows were fed carrier (2 lbs•cow-1•day-1) with MGA (0.25 mg/lb) or without MGA for 7 days (day -6 to 0). On day -6, CIDR were inserted …
Pasture Weaning And Forage Barley To Extend The Grazing Season For Replacement Heifers, R. J. Pruitt, W. B. Epperson, V. N. Owens
Pasture Weaning And Forage Barley To Extend The Grazing Season For Replacement Heifers, R. J. Pruitt, W. B. Epperson, V. N. Owens
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
In a two-year study at the SDSU Cow/Calf Teaching and Research Unit, Brookings, SD, heifer calves were allotted to two weaning management treatments in early October at an average age of 202 days. The pasture-weaned group was separated from their dams and grazed grass pasture across the fence from their dams for two weeks. Then, until early December, they grazed “Robust” barley (forage type) that had been no-till planted into oat stubble in early August. The drylot-weaned group was fed a traditional weaning diet of grass hay, corn, and protein supplement from weaning until early December. The effect of management …
Impact Of Relocation And Weaning Stress On The Feedlot Performance Of Steer Calves During The Receiving Period, Simone M. Holt, Robbi H. Pritchard, Timonthy A. Wittig
Impact Of Relocation And Weaning Stress On The Feedlot Performance Of Steer Calves During The Receiving Period, Simone M. Holt, Robbi H. Pritchard, Timonthy A. Wittig
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
The effect of ranch management on weaning and relocation stress was investigated using spring born steer calves from a single source. Steers on mature (≥ 4 yr of age) dams were weaned at shipment (NW) whiles steers on young (< 4 yr of age) dams had been weaned and on feed at the ranch for 1 mo prior to shipment (PW). At shipment tympanic temperature (TT) loggers, an indicator of body temperature, were placed in 13 steers from each management group at shipment. Steers were transported together to the SDSU Research Feedlot (365 mi). Body weight after 21 d in the feedlot (670 vs 673 lb) and DMI (14.7 vs 14.9 lb) were similar (P > 0.10) between PW and NW steers, respectively. Average daily gain (2.66 vs 3.17 lb) and feed efficiency (5.53 vs 4.74 lb) were higher (P < 0.05) in NW steers. NW steers recorded higher TT (1.2 ºF; P < 0.05) than PW steers duing loading and transportation from the ranch, indicating a greater initial stress associated with NW. During the first 4 d at the feedlot DMI was lower for NW steers (11.2 vs 6.1 lb) and was slightly below maintenance. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in TT associated with this period of negative energy balance. Results indicate that pre-transit weaning, as a part of feedlot transition, did not add sufficient stress to alter TT compared to previously weaned calves.
The Effect Of Stage Of Growth And Implant Exposure On Performance And Carcass Composition In Steers, Kelly W. Bruns, Robbi H. Pritchard
The Effect Of Stage Of Growth And Implant Exposure On Performance And Carcass Composition In Steers, Kelly W. Bruns, Robbi H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
Angus and Angus cross Limousin steers (n = 182; initial BW = 681 ± 61.2 lb) were used to evaluate the influence of an estradiol-trenbolone acetate implant (24mg/120mg) on production efficiency and carcass traits when administered at specific stages of growth. Treatments (TRT) were as follows: No Implant, control (NI), Early Implant, d 1, BW = 681 lb (EI); or Delayed Implant, d 57, BW = 845 lb (DI). Comparisons were also made between the NI and implanted treatments (I; EI + DI). Steers were procured at weaning and were backgrounded (47 d) prior to the initiation of the experiment. …
Impact Of Castration Time And Method On Carcass And Palatability Traits In Steers, Kelly W. Bruns, Robbi H. Pritchard
Impact Of Castration Time And Method On Carcass And Palatability Traits In Steers, Kelly W. Bruns, Robbi H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
Angus and Angus x Limousin steers from one ranch were used to evaluate the effect of castration time and method on production and carcass traits. At 2 mo of age, calves were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (TRT); surgical castration at 2 mo age (SC) or castrated at 9 mo age (828 lb) by banding (BAND). Calves assigned to SC received a Synovex-C implant at castration. All calves were weaned at 5 mo of age with no difference in weaning weight. Calves were blocked into heavy and light groups with a 45 Mcal NEG/lb diet fed for 91 …
Response Of Gestating Beef Cows To Limit-Fed Diets Containing Rolled Barley, Earl H. Ward, Hubert H. Patterson, Richard J. Pruitt
Response Of Gestating Beef Cows To Limit-Fed Diets Containing Rolled Barley, Earl H. Ward, Hubert H. Patterson, Richard J. Pruitt
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
In the Northern Great Plains, barley grain may be a more economical source of energy than hay. An experiment was conducted at South Dakota State University Cottonwood Research Station to determine the efficacy of limit-fed, barley-based diets as an alternative to alfalfa hay for beef cows in late gestation. Ninety-six gestating, crossbred cows (age 3 to 11 years; average calving date of May 7) were stratified by age and weight and randomly assigned to one of 12 pens (8 cows/pen). Pens were randomly allotted to one of three winter feeding treatments (4 pens/treatment) from January 15 to April 10, 2003. …
Effects Of Sulfates In Water On Performance Of Cow-Calf Pairs, Hubert H. Patterson, Patricia S. Johnson, Earl H. Ward, Roger N. Gates
Effects Of Sulfates In Water On Performance Of Cow-Calf Pairs, Hubert H. Patterson, Patricia S. Johnson, Earl H. Ward, Roger N. Gates
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
Past data from our laboratory showed water sulfate levels of 3,000 ppm reduced performance and health of growing steers during the summer. This experiment, conducted at the South Dakota State University Cottonwood Research Station, evaluated the effects of high sulfate water on cow and calf performance, milk production, and cow reproduction. Ninety-six crossbred, lactating cows (ages 2-13; average calving date of May 1) and their calves were assigned, after stratifying by age, weight, and previous winter management, to one of six pastures (16 cows/pasture) from June 3 to August 26, 2003. Pastures were randomly assigned to one of two water …
Effects Of Sulfates In Water On Performance Of Steers Grazing Rangeland, Patricia S. Johnson, Hubert H. Patterson, Ronald Haigh
Effects Of Sulfates In Water On Performance Of Steers Grazing Rangeland, Patricia S. Johnson, Hubert H. Patterson, Ronald Haigh
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
Surface and subsurface water in South Dakota often contains high concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) and sulfates, which, in severe cases, can cause livestock deaths. Data from our laboratory have demonstrated that sulfate concentrations of 3,000 ppm in water consumed by steers in dry-lot decreased ADG, feed intake, and water consumption. Little information is available on the effects of water sulfate concentrations on grazing livestock. This study evaluated the effects of water quality and two vegetation communities on the performance of steers grazing rangeland. Eight native pastures at the SDSU Cottonwood Research Station were used. Four pastures were dominated …
Effects Of Thiamin Supplementation On Performance And Health Of Growing Steers Consuming High Sulfate Water, Earl H. Ward, Hubert H. Patterson
Effects Of Thiamin Supplementation On Performance And Health Of Growing Steers Consuming High Sulfate Water, Earl H. Ward, Hubert H. Patterson
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
Thiamin injections are often used to treat sulfate induced polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in beef cattle. It is unclear whether supplemental thiamin will reduce the incidence of PEM and improve performance in steers consuming water with elevated sulfate levels. This study was conducted to determine the effects of thiamin supplementation on performance and health of growing steers consuming water with high sulfate levels. Sixty-three steers (737 ± 2.97 lb) were stratified by weight and randomly allotted to one of nine pens. Pens were assigned to one of three treatments (3 pens/treatment) based on water sulfates and thiamin supplementation. Treatments were: 1) low …
Effects Of Supplying Water With Varying Levels Of Total Dissolved Solids And Sulfates To Steers During The Growing Period On Subsequent Finishing Performance, Kent E. Tjardes, Hubert H. Patterson, Cody L. Wright, Bradley D. Rops
Effects Of Supplying Water With Varying Levels Of Total Dissolved Solids And Sulfates To Steers During The Growing Period On Subsequent Finishing Performance, Kent E. Tjardes, Hubert H. Patterson, Cody L. Wright, Bradley D. Rops
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
Previous results have shown that water with elevated total dissolved solids (TDS) and sulfates was detrimental to performance of growing steers. The objective of this study was to determine finishing performance of steers that had previously received different levels of water quality during the growing period. In yr 1, 78 steers (824 lb) were assigned to one of eight pens (2-4 pens/treatment) based on water supplied during the 84-d growing period. Water TDS and sulfates during growing were: 1) 1,020 and 400; 2) 4,840 and 3,090; and 3) 6,190 and 3,950 ppm of TDS and sulfates, respectively. In yr 2, …
Effect Of Total Dissolved Solids And Sulfates In Drinking Water For Growing Steers, Hubert H. Patterson, Patricia S. Johnson, Wiliam B. Epperson, R. D. Haigh
Effect Of Total Dissolved Solids And Sulfates In Drinking Water For Growing Steers, Hubert H. Patterson, Patricia S. Johnson, Wiliam B. Epperson, R. D. Haigh
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
A study was conducted to determine the effects of implants and transportation on the metabolic status of feedlot steers. Steers (n = 28) were sorted by body weight, allocated into light or heavy blocks, and randomly assigned to one of two treatments. Treatments included non-implanted controls (CON) and steers implanted with Synovex Plus 70 d prior to harvest (IMP). Jugular blood and muscle biopsy samples (longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosis (SM)) were collected 70 d post-implant, prior to transit. Steers were transported to Schuyler, NE, where blood and biopsy sampling was repeated. After harvest, carcass data were collected and muscle …
Effects Of An Anabolic Implant And Transport On Metabolic Status And Muscle Traits Of Feedlot Steers, Josh W. Mccarthick, Robbit H. Pritchard, Simone M. Holt, Jeffery A. Clapper
Effects Of An Anabolic Implant And Transport On Metabolic Status And Muscle Traits Of Feedlot Steers, Josh W. Mccarthick, Robbit H. Pritchard, Simone M. Holt, Jeffery A. Clapper
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
A study was repeated over 2 years to determine the effect of feeding different levels of dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) on the performance of finishing cattle. In each year, 120 steers (756 ± 22 lb) were weighed, and randomly allocated to 15 pens. The pens were then assigned to one of five treatments: 1) corn-soybean meal (CON); 2) 20% DDGS; 3) 20% WDGS; 4) 40% DDGS; or 5) 40% WDGS. The basal diet consisted of 10% alfalfa hay, 4% molasses, 2% supplement, 10.5% SBM and 73.5% cracked corn. The WDGS and …
Evaluation Of Feeding Wet Distillers Grains With Solubles, Dry Distillers Grans With Solubles And Blood Meal To Growing Steers, Kristina S. Mateo, Kent E. Tjardes, Cody L. Wright, Bradley D. Rops
Evaluation Of Feeding Wet Distillers Grains With Solubles, Dry Distillers Grans With Solubles And Blood Meal To Growing Steers, Kristina S. Mateo, Kent E. Tjardes, Cody L. Wright, Bradley D. Rops
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
A two-year study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding different protein sources on the performance of feeder cattle. During year 1 (Y1), 128 steers (506 ± 40 lb) were weighed and randomly allocated to 16 pens in a completely randomized design. Each pen was assigned to one of four treatment diets: 1) 20% soybean meal and corn (SBM); 2) 20% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS); 3) 20% wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS); or 4) 20% blood meal, oil and corn (BM). In Y1, steers were fed a diet that consisted of 74% alfalfa/grass hay, 4% molasses …
Composition And Nutritive Value Of Corn Co-Products From Dry Milling Ethanol Plants, Simone M. Holt, Robbi H. Pritchard
Composition And Nutritive Value Of Corn Co-Products From Dry Milling Ethanol Plants, Simone M. Holt, Robbi H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
The South Dakota ethanol industry is rapidly expanding. As a direct result of this expansion it is expected that in excess of 500,000 tons of corn co-products will be available to livestock enterprises annually as a feed source. Processing methods are, in general terms, similar among dry milling ethanol plants. However, newer technology and small deviations of methods can alter the nutritive value of the co-products. Subsequently, diet formulations using general nutritive values may be inaccurate and cause production inefficiencies. The objective of this research project was to characterize the composition and nutritive value of corn co-products produced from several …
Evaluation Of Feeding Varying Levels Of Wet Distillers Grains With Solubles As Compared To Dry Distilelrs Grains With Solubles To Finishing Steers, Kristina S. Mateo, Kent E. Tjardes, Cody L. Wright, Tanya J. Koger, Bradley D. Rops
Evaluation Of Feeding Varying Levels Of Wet Distillers Grains With Solubles As Compared To Dry Distilelrs Grains With Solubles To Finishing Steers, Kristina S. Mateo, Kent E. Tjardes, Cody L. Wright, Tanya J. Koger, Bradley D. Rops
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
A study was conducted to determine the effects of implants and transportation on the metabolic status of feedlot steers. Steers (n = 28) were sorted by body weight, allocated into light or heavy blocks, and randomly assigned to one of two treatments. Treatments included non-implanted controls (CON) and steers implanted with Synovex Plus 70 d prior to harvest (IMP). Jugular blood and muscle biopsy samples (longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosis (SM)) were collected 70 d post-implant, prior to transit. Steers were transported to Schuyler, NE, where blood and biopsy sampling was repeated. After harvest, carcass data were collected and muscle …
2004 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University
2004 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University
South Dakota Beef Report, 2004
This is the 2004 South Dakota Beef Report. The articles published in this report summarize many of the beef cattle research activities conducted at South Dakota State University during 2004. The articles in this report have many levels of application. Some information has immediate application for your farm, ranch, or agribusiness. The articles include information on nutrition, feed management, reproductive management, health, growth and development, and economics of the cattle and beef industry in South Dakota.