Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Biology (141)
- Genetics and Genomics (20)
- Genetics (16)
- Microbiology (11)
- Animal Sciences (9)
-
- Aquaculture and Fisheries (6)
- Marine Biology (5)
- Plant Sciences (5)
- Biodiversity (4)
- Biotechnology (3)
- Zoology (3)
- Environmental Sciences (2)
- Genomics (2)
- Immunology and Infectious Disease (2)
- Natural Resources and Conservation (2)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (2)
- Botany (1)
- Diseases (1)
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (1)
- Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology (1)
- Food Science (1)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (1)
- Neuroscience and Neurobiology (1)
- Parasitology (1)
- Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology (1)
- Keyword
-
- Cell biology (15)
- Surface tension (14)
- Vapor pressure (14)
- Fertilization membrane (8)
- Biology; human ecology; STEM; scientifc experiments (7)
-
- Unfertilized eggs (7)
- Plutei (3)
- Absorption (2)
- Animal testing (2)
- Barbiturates (2)
- Benzane (2)
- Biochemistry (2)
- Biology (2)
- Carbon atoms (2)
- Curare (2)
- Difusion (2)
- Dipole moment (2)
- Diuretic (2)
- Fertilization (2)
- Hydrocarbon (2)
- Internal organs (2)
- Intravenous mouse (2)
- Kelvin equation (2)
- Liquid properties (2)
- Microbic invaders (2)
- Nervous system (2)
- Osmosisi (2)
- Paralysis (2)
- Poisoned dualism (2)
- Poultry and avian science (2)
- Publication Year
Articles 1 - 30 of 225
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Type Specimens Of Hawaiian Land Snails In The Smithsonian Institution, Natural Museum Of Natural History, With Lectotype Designations., Kenneth Hayes
Type Specimens Of Hawaiian Land Snails In The Smithsonian Institution, Natural Museum Of Natural History, With Lectotype Designations., Kenneth Hayes
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Yeung, Norine W., Robert H. Cowie, Kenneth A. Hayes, and Ellen E. Strong. Type Specimens of HawaiianLand Snails in the Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, with Lectotype Designations.Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 647, vi + 34 pages, 11 figures, 2017. — Pacific islandland snail faunas are among the most threatened faunas in the world, having suffered a higher rate of extinctionthan any other major animal group. The Hawaiian land snails are among the most species-rich and mostseverely affected of these faunas, yet the current status of most of the Hawaiian species is unknown. Most ofthe major taxonomic studies …
Antiretroviral Drugs-Loaded Nanoparticles Fabricated By Dispersion Polymerization With Potential For Hiv/Aids Treatment, Winston Anderson
Antiretroviral Drugs-Loaded Nanoparticles Fabricated By Dispersion Polymerization With Potential For Hiv/Aids Treatment, Winston Anderson
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Highly active antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (HAART) for chronic suppression of HIV replication has revolutionized the treatment of HIV/AIDS. HAART is no panacea; treatments must be maintained for life. Although great progress has been made in ARV therapy, HIV continues to replicate in anatomical and intracellular sites where ARV drugs have restricted access. Nanotechnology has been considered a platform to circumvent some of the challenges in HIV/AIDS treatment. Dispersion polymerization was used to fabricate two types (PMM and ECA) of polymeric nanoparticles, and each was successfully loaded with four ARV drugs (zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine, and raltegravir), followed by physicochemical characterization: scanning …
Discordance Between Morphological And Taxonomic Diversity: Land Snails Of Oceanic Archipelagos, Kostas Triantis, François Rigal, Christine Parent, Kenneth Hayes
Discordance Between Morphological And Taxonomic Diversity: Land Snails Of Oceanic Archipelagos, Kostas Triantis, François Rigal, Christine Parent, Kenneth Hayes
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
AimMorphological and taxonomic diversity are intuitive measures of biological diversity. Previous studies have shown discordance between these measures at large spatial and temporal scales, but the implications of this pattern for the underlying processes are not understood. Using oceanic archipelagos as spatial units, we examine potential links between the morphological and taxonomic diversity of their land snail faunas in a biogeographical framework.LocationEleven major oceanic archipelagos.MethodsFor each archipelago, we assembled lists of indigenous land snail species, classified by family and genus, with shell height and width for each species (1723 species in total). We used biogeographic and climatic variables as potential …
Tyrosine Phosphorylation Based Homo-Dimerization Of Arabidopsis Rack1a Proteins Regulates Oxidative Stress Signaling Pathways In Yeast, Mercy Sabila, Nabanita Kundu, Deana Smalls, Hemayet Ullah
Tyrosine Phosphorylation Based Homo-Dimerization Of Arabidopsis Rack1a Proteins Regulates Oxidative Stress Signaling Pathways In Yeast, Mercy Sabila, Nabanita Kundu, Deana Smalls, Hemayet Ullah
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Scaffold proteins are known as important cellular regulators that can interact with multiple proteins to modulate diverse signal transduction pathways. RACK1 (Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1) is a WD-40 type scaffold protein, conserved in eukaryotes, from Chlamydymonas to plants and humans, plays regulatory roles in diverse signal transduction and stress response pathways. RACK1 in humans has been implicated in myriads of neuropathological diseases including Alzheimer and alcohol addictions. Model plant Arabidopsis thaliana genome maintains three different RACK1 genes termed RACK1A, RACK1B, and RACK1C with a very high (85-93%) sequence identity between them. Loss of function mutant in Arabidopsis indicates …
Annotated Catalogue Of Types Of Hawaiian Land And Freshwater Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) In The Muséum National D’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, With Lectotype Designations., Kenneth Hayes, Robert Cowie
Annotated Catalogue Of Types Of Hawaiian Land And Freshwater Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) In The Muséum National D’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, With Lectotype Designations., Kenneth Hayes, Robert Cowie
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Receptor For Activated C Kinase In Plant Signaling: Tale Of A Promiscuous Little Molecule, Tania Islas-Flores, Ahasanur Rahman, Hemayet Ullah, Marco Villanueva
The Receptor For Activated C Kinase In Plant Signaling: Tale Of A Promiscuous Little Molecule, Tania Islas-Flores, Ahasanur Rahman, Hemayet Ullah, Marco Villanueva
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Two decades after the first report of the plant homolog of the Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) in cultured tobacco BY2 cells, a significant advancement has been made in the elucidation of its cellular and molecular role. The protein is now implicated in many biological functions including protein translation, multiple hormonal responses, developmental processes, pathogen infection resistance, environmental stress responses, and miRNA production. Such multiple functional roles are consistent with the scaffolding nature of the plant RACK1 protein. A significant advance was achieved when the β-propeller structure of the Arabidopsis RACK1A isoform was elucidated, thus revealing that its …
Heme-Mediated Induction Of Cxcl10 And Depletion Of Cd34+ Progenitor Cells Is Toll-Like Receptor 4 Dependent, Winston Anderson
Heme-Mediated Induction Of Cxcl10 And Depletion Of Cd34+ Progenitor Cells Is Toll-Like Receptor 4 Dependent, Winston Anderson
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Plasmodium falciparum infection can cause microvascular dysfunction, cerebral encephalopathy and death if untreated. We have previously shown that high concentrations of free heme, and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) in sera of malaria patients induce apoptosis in microvascular endothelial and neuronal cells contributing to vascular dysfunction, blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and mortality. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are microvascular endothelial cell precursors partly responsible for repair and regeneration of damaged BBB endothelium. Studies have shown that EPC's are depleted in severe malaria patients, but the mechanisms mediating this phenomenon are unknown. Toll-like receptors recognize a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns …
Extinction In A Hyperdiverse Endemic Hawaiian Land Snail Family And Implications For The Underestimation Of Invertebrate Extinction, Claire Régnier, Philippe Bouchet, Kenneth Hayes, Norine Yeung, Carl Christensen, Daniel Chung, Benoit Fontaine, Robert Cowie
Extinction In A Hyperdiverse Endemic Hawaiian Land Snail Family And Implications For The Underestimation Of Invertebrate Extinction, Claire Régnier, Philippe Bouchet, Kenneth Hayes, Norine Yeung, Carl Christensen, Daniel Chung, Benoit Fontaine, Robert Cowie
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List includes 832 species listed as extinct since 1600, a minuscule fraction of total biodiversity. This extinction rate is of the same order of magnitude as the background rate and has been used to downplay the biodiversity crisis. Invertebrates comprise 99% of biodiversity, yet the status of a negligible number has been assessed. We assessed extinction in the Hawaiian land snail family Amastridae (325 species, IUCN lists 33 as extinct). We did not use the stringent IUCN criteria, by which most invertebrates would be considered data deficient, but a more realistic …
Welcome To The Brave New World: Crispr Mediated Genome Editing‐Pathway To Designer Babies?, Hemayet Ullah
Welcome To The Brave New World: Crispr Mediated Genome Editing‐Pathway To Designer Babies?, Hemayet Ullah
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
The world literature circle was abuzz in 1932 when Aldous Huxley published his seminal book “Brave New World”. He painted the efforts of a totalitarian state to lab manufacture “sub‐human” people who would be capable of work but not of independent thought. Though the plot was set almost 500 years in the future, the author may not have envisioned that within a century of his writing scientists would embark on developing technologies that could potentially set the road for ʺdesigner babiesʺ in the future. The recent availability of the simple, yet highlyeffective, CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology …
Specification Of Select Hypothalamic Circuits And Innate Behaviors By The Embryonic Patterning Gene Dbx1, Kevin Jones
Specification Of Select Hypothalamic Circuits And Innate Behaviors By The Embryonic Patterning Gene Dbx1, Kevin Jones
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
The hypothalamus integrates information required for the production of a variety of innate behaviors such as feeding, mating, aggression, and predator avoidance. Despite an extensive knowledge of hypothalamic function, how embryonic genetic programs specify circuits that regulate these behaviors remains unknown. Here, we find that in the hypothalamus the developmentally regulated homeodomain-containing transcription factor Dbx1 is required for the generation of specific subclasses of neurons within the lateral hypothalamic area/zona incerta (LH) and the arcuate (Arc) nucleus. Consistent with this specific developmental role, Dbx1 hypothalamic-specific conditional-knockout mice display attenuated responses to predator odor and feeding stressors but do not display …
Insights From An Integrated View Of The Biology Of Apple Snails (Caenogastropoda: Ampullariidae), Kenneth Hayes
Insights From An Integrated View Of The Biology Of Apple Snails (Caenogastropoda: Ampullariidae), Kenneth Hayes
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Apple snails (Ampullariidae) are among the largest and most ecologically important freshwater snails. The introduction of multiple species has reinvigorated the field and spurred a burgeoning body of research since the early 1990s, particularly regarding two species introduced to Asian wetlands and elsewhere, where they have become serious agricultural pests.This review places these recent advances in the context of previous work, across diverse fields ranging from phylogenetics and biogeography through ecology and developmental biology, and the more applied areas of environmental health and human disease. The review does not deal with the role of ampullariids as pests, nor their control …
Types Of Ampullariidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) In The National Museum Of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, With Lectotype Designations, Robert Cowie, Kenneth Hayes, Ellen Strong
Types Of Ampullariidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) In The National Museum Of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, With Lectotype Designations, Robert Cowie, Kenneth Hayes, Ellen Strong
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Cowie, Robert H., Kenneth A. Hayes, and Ellen E. Strong. Types of Ampullariidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the NationalMuseum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, with Lectotype Designations. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 645, iv + 13 pages, 1 figure, 2015.—The caenogastropod family Ampullariidae Gray, 1824, is a family of freshwater snails predominantly distributed in humid tropical and subtropical habitats in Africa, South and Central America, and Asia. The family includes the largest of all freshwater snails and frequently constitutes a major portion of the native freshwater malacofauna of these regions. Ampullariid taxonomy is confused primarily because most species were described on …
The Peopling Of The African Continent And The Diaspora Into The New World, Michael Campbell, Jibril Hirbo, Jeffrey Peter Townsend, Sarah Tishkoff
The Peopling Of The African Continent And The Diaspora Into The New World, Michael Campbell, Jibril Hirbo, Jeffrey Peter Townsend, Sarah Tishkoff
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Africa is the birthplace of anatomically modern humans, and is the geographic origin of human migration across the globe within the last 100,000 years. The history of African populations has consisted of a number of demographic events that have influenced patterns of genetic and phenotypic variation across the continent. With the increasing amount of genomic data and corresponding developments in computational methods, researchers are able to explore long-standing evolutionary questions, expanding our understanding of human history within and outside of Africa. This review will summarize some of the recent findings regarding African demographic history, including the African Diaspora, and will …
African Philosophy: A Key To African Innovation And Development, George Middendorf
African Philosophy: A Key To African Innovation And Development, George Middendorf
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
This essay demonstrates how African philosophy can be a key to African innovation and development. Its first section illustrates how philosophy as a discipline drives innovation in science and technology. The second part proposes a new discipline linking science, engineering and technology to sustainable, ethical development. The third section proposes an ethics core derived from ancient Egyptian and Ethiopian thought. It addresses the fact that non-African principles and personnel have in some measure directed African development, resulting in unsustainable and sometimes destructive outcomes. The conclusion argues that the primary instrument for African development must be a Pan-African curriculum developed through …
An Rnai-Based Suppressor Screen Identifies Interactors Of The Myt1 Ortholog Of Caenorhabditis Elegans, Anna Allen, Jessica Nesmith, Andy Golden
An Rnai-Based Suppressor Screen Identifies Interactors Of The Myt1 Ortholog Of Caenorhabditis Elegans, Anna Allen, Jessica Nesmith, Andy Golden
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Oocyte maturation in all species is controlled by a protein complex termed the maturation promoting factor (MPF). MPF is comprised of a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and its partner cyclin, and is regulated by dueling regulatory phosphorylation events on the CDK. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the Wee1/Myt1 ortholog WEE-1.3 provides the inhibitory phosphorylations on CDK-1 that keep MPF inactive and halts meiosis. Prior work has shown that depletion of WEE-1.3 in C. elegans results in precocious oocyte maturation in vivo and a highly penetrant infertility phenotype. This study sought to further define the precocious maturation phenotype and to identify novel interactors with …
Maldi-Tof Ms As A Supportive Tool For The Evaluation Of Bacterial Diversity In Soils From Africa And The Americas, Adrian Douglas Allen, Maria Velez-Quinones, Broderick Eribo, Vernon Morris
Maldi-Tof Ms As A Supportive Tool For The Evaluation Of Bacterial Diversity In Soils From Africa And The Americas, Adrian Douglas Allen, Maria Velez-Quinones, Broderick Eribo, Vernon Morris
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Identification and characterization of viable-culturable bacteria (VCB) associated with soils from Africa and the Americas is significant for environmental and battlefield security. Such analyses are scarce and their evaluation using traditional microbiological methods do not fully elucidate the structure and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the microbial community. In this study, matrix assisted laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) spectrometry in addition to 16S rRNA sequencing, and diversity indices were employed to characterize VCB and their associated biomarkers. Nineteen genera were identified across all sample locations, but only four (Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Paenibacillus and Terribacillus) confirmed by ClustalW2 as being …
Neonatal Nmda Receptor Blockade Disrupts Spike Timing And Glutamatergic Synapses In Fast Spiking Interneurons In A Nmda Receptor Hypofunction Model Of Schizophrenia, Kevin Jones, Joshua Corbin, Molly Huntsman
Neonatal Nmda Receptor Blockade Disrupts Spike Timing And Glutamatergic Synapses In Fast Spiking Interneurons In A Nmda Receptor Hypofunction Model Of Schizophrenia, Kevin Jones, Joshua Corbin, Molly Huntsman
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
The dysfunction of parvalbumin-positive, fast-spiking interneurons (FSI) is considered a primary contributor to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ), but deficits in FSI physiology have not been explicitly characterized. We show for the first time, that a widely-employed model of schizophrenia minimizes first spike latency and increases GluN2B-mediated current in neocortical FSIs. The reduction in FSI first-spike latency coincides with reduced expression of the Kv1.1 potassium channel subunit which provides a biophysical explanation for the abnormal spiking behavior. Similarly, the increase in NMDA current coincides with enhanced expression of the GluN2B NMDA receptor subunit, specifically in FSIs. In this study mice …
Diversity At 100: Women And Underrepresented Minorities In The Esa: Peer-Reviewed Letter, George Middendorf
Diversity At 100: Women And Underrepresented Minorities In The Esa: Peer-Reviewed Letter, George Middendorf
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Global Population-Specific Variation In Mirna Associated With Cancer Risk And Clinical Biomarkers, Renata Rawlings-Goss, Michael Campbell, Sarah Tishkoff
Global Population-Specific Variation In Mirna Associated With Cancer Risk And Clinical Biomarkers, Renata Rawlings-Goss, Michael Campbell, Sarah Tishkoff
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Background: MiRNA expression profiling is being actively investigated as a clinical biomarker and diagnostic tool to detect multiple cancer types and stages as well as other complex diseases. Initial investigations, however, have not comprehensively taken into account genetic variability affecting miRNA expression and/or function in populations of different ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, more complete surveys of miRNA genetic variability are needed to assess global patterns of miRNA variation within and between diverse human populations and their effect on clinically relevant miRNA genes.
Gene-Environment Interactions In Human Health: Case Studies And Strategies For Developing New Paradigms And Research Methodologies, Fatimah Linda Collier Jackson
Gene-Environment Interactions In Human Health: Case Studies And Strategies For Developing New Paradigms And Research Methodologies, Fatimah Linda Collier Jackson
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF GENES AND THE ENVIRONMENT ON HEALTH ARE EXPLORED IN THREE CASE STUDIES: adult lactase persistence, autism spectrum disorders, and the metabolic syndrome, providing examples of the interactive complexities underlying these phenotypes. Since the phenotypes are the initial targets of evolutionary processes, understanding the specific environmental contexts of the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental changes associated with these phenotypes is essential in predicting their health implications. Robust databases must be developed on the local scale to deconstruct both the population substructure and the unique components of the environment that stimulate geographically specific changes in gene expression patterns. To …
Diverse Gastropod Hosts Of Angiostrongylus Cantonensis, The Rat Lungworm, Globally And With A Focus On The Hawaiian Islands, Jaynee Kim, Kenneth Hayes, Norine Norine W Yeung, Robert Cowie
Diverse Gastropod Hosts Of Angiostrongylus Cantonensis, The Rat Lungworm, Globally And With A Focus On The Hawaiian Islands, Jaynee Kim, Kenneth Hayes, Norine Norine W Yeung, Robert Cowie
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Eosinophilic meningitis caused by the parasitic nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an emerging infectious disease with recent outbreaks primarily in tropical and subtropical locations around the world, including Hawaii. Humans contract the disease primarily through ingestion of infected gastropods, the intermediate hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Effective prevention of the disease and control of the spread of the parasite require a thorough understanding of the parasite's hosts, including their distributions, as well as the human and environmental factors that contribute to transmission. The aim of this study was to screen a large cross section of gastropod species throughout the main Hawaiian Islands …
Limited Evidence For Adaptive Evolution And Functional Effect Of Allelic Variation At Rs702424 In The Promoter Of The Tas2r16 Bitter Taste Receptor Gene In Africa, Michael Campbell
Limited Evidence For Adaptive Evolution And Functional Effect Of Allelic Variation At Rs702424 In The Promoter Of The Tas2r16 Bitter Taste Receptor Gene In Africa, Michael Campbell
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Bitter taste perception, mediated by receptors encoded by the TAS2R loci, has important roles in human health and nutrition. Prior studies have demonstrated that nonsynonymous variation at site 516 in the coding exon of TAS2R16, a bitter taste receptor gene on chromosome 7, has been subject to positive selection and is strongly correlated with differences in sensitivity to salicin, a bitter anti-inflammatory compound, in human populations. However, a recent study suggested that the derived G-allele at rs702424 in the TAS2R16 promoter has also been the target of recent selection and may have an additional effect on the levels of salicin …
Genetic Origins Of Lactase Persistence And The Spread Of Pastoralism In Africa, Michael Campbell
Genetic Origins Of Lactase Persistence And The Spread Of Pastoralism In Africa, Michael Campbell
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
In humans, the ability to digest lactose, the sugar in milk, declines after weaning because of decreasing levels of the enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, encoded by LCT. However, some individuals maintain high enzyme amounts and are able to digest lactose into adulthood (i.e., they have the lactase-persistence [LP] trait). It is thought that selection has played a major role in maintaining this genetically determined phenotypic trait in different human populations that practice pastoralism. To identify variants associated with the LP trait and to study its evolutionary history in Africa, we sequenced MCM6 introns 9 and 13 and ∼2 kb of the …
Frequency-Dependent Mate Selection In The Guppy (Poeciliidae: Poecilia Reticulata), Andre Porter, Jack Frankel
Frequency-Dependent Mate Selection In The Guppy (Poeciliidae: Poecilia Reticulata), Andre Porter, Jack Frankel
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Heterogeneity within a population enhances its long-term survival. A fundamental method of maintaining population heterogeneity is the retention of rare or uncommon phenotypes by selective mating strategies. Employing two color morphs, red tuxedo and red, of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata, Poeciliidae), this study was designed to investigate whether P. reticulata females would preferentially seek out heterogeneous groupings of males exhibiting two color morphs. Adult female guppies were exposed simultaneously to two groups of males (n=10); one comprised of only the tuxedo color morph (n=5) and the other of both color morphs (n=5). For the latter group, the ratio of males …
Evaluating The Efficacy Of Land Snail Survey Techniques In Hawaii: Implications For Conservation Throughout The Pacific, Torsten Durkan, Norine Yeung, Wallace Meyer, Kenneth Hayes, Robert Cowie
Evaluating The Efficacy Of Land Snail Survey Techniques In Hawaii: Implications For Conservation Throughout The Pacific, Torsten Durkan, Norine Yeung, Wallace Meyer, Kenneth Hayes, Robert Cowie
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Terrestrial micromolluscs (snails with an adult maximum shell dimension <5 mm) constitute a considerable proportion of the land snail fauna of the Pacific. However, micromolluscs are often underestimated in biological surveys because of size bias. It has been argued that visual searches are preferable on Pacific islands because: (1) size biases are limited based on the understanding that most native Pacific island land snails are very small, and (2) amount of labor is less than other methods such as soil surveys and adequate for inventory purposes (though not for abundance assessments). To test whether visual surveys and soil surveys were accurately recording all taxa, land snail inventories were completed in three forest reserves (5 sampling sites in each) on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Visual surveys involved 30-min visual search in a 10 m2 site; soil surveys involved sieving leaf litter and topsoil from four 0.3 m2 quadrats and extracting snails with the aid of a microscope. The data indicate a size and microhabitat bias associated with both techniques. Visual surveys consistently collected large arboreal and litter-dwelling species but missed a significant portion of micromolluscs, while soil surveys collected micromolluscs but missed larger snails. Because of such biases, employing both methods is critical for collecting all taxa at a survey location. As such, we recommend that future land snail surveys on Pacific Islands incorporate both survey techniques. Obtaining a complete inventory is critical if we are to understand species distributions and patterns of diversity and make well-informed conservation recommendations.
Zebrafish: Modeling For Herpes Simplex Virus Infections, Kevin Jones
Zebrafish: Modeling For Herpes Simplex Virus Infections, Kevin Jones
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Abstract For many years, zebrafish have been the prototypical model for studies in developmental biology. In recent years, zebrafish has emerged as a powerful model system to study infectious diseases, including viral infections. Experiments conducted with herpes simplex virus type-1 in adult zebrafish or in embryo models are encouraging as they establish proof of concept with viral-host tropism and possible screening of antiviral compounds. In addition, the presence of human homologs of viral entry receptors in zebrafish such as 3-O sulfated heparan sulfate, nectins, and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14-like receptor bring strong rationale for virologists to test …
Origin And Differential Selection Of Allelic Variation At Tas2r16 Associated With Salicin Bitter Taste Sensitivity In Africa, Michael Campbell
Origin And Differential Selection Of Allelic Variation At Tas2r16 Associated With Salicin Bitter Taste Sensitivity In Africa, Michael Campbell
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Bitter taste perception influences human nutrition and health, and the genetic variation underlying this trait may play a role in disease susceptibility. To better understand the genetic architecture and patterns of phenotypic variability of bitter taste perception, we sequenced a 996 bp region, encompassing the coding exon of TAS2R16, a bitter taste receptor gene, in 595 individuals from 74 African populations, and in 94 non-Africans from 11 populations. We also performed genotype-phenotype association analyses of threshold levels of sensitivity to salicin, a bitter anti-inflammatory compound, in 296 individuals from Central and East Africa. In addition, we characterized TAS2R16 mutants in …
Ecological Literacy: The Educational Foundation Necessary For Informed Public Decision Making, Catherine Cardelús, George Middendorf
Ecological Literacy: The Educational Foundation Necessary For Informed Public Decision Making, Catherine Cardelús, George Middendorf
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
In this introduction to the new Frontiers series on Ecoliteracy, Guest Editors Catherine Cardelús and GeorgeMiddendorf discuss the impetus behind the series for which innovative ecological educators were invited to discuss ways to teach ecological concepts to diverse groups in a variety of settings, with the aim of facilitating better informed decision making for environmental policy.
Conceptual Shifts Needed To Understand The Dynamic Interactions Of Genes, Environment, Epigenetics, Social Processes, And Behavioral Choices, Fatimah Linda Collier Jackson, Mihai Niculescu, Robert Jackson
Conceptual Shifts Needed To Understand The Dynamic Interactions Of Genes, Environment, Epigenetics, Social Processes, And Behavioral Choices, Fatimah Linda Collier Jackson, Mihai Niculescu, Robert Jackson
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
Social and behavioral research in public health is often intimately tied to profound, but frequently neglected, biological influences from underlying genetic, environmental, and epigenetic events. The dynamic interplay between the life, social, and behavioral sciences often remains underappreciated and underutilized in addressing complex diseases and disorders and in developing effective remediation strategies. Using a case-study format, we present examples as to how the inclusion of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic data can augment social and behavioral health research by expanding the parameters of such studies, adding specificity to phenotypic assessments, and providing additional internal control in comparative studies. We highlight the …
The Effects Of Intestinal Microbial Community Structure On Disease Manifestation In Il-10-/- Mice Infected With Helicobacter Hepaticus, Courtney Robinson
The Effects Of Intestinal Microbial Community Structure On Disease Manifestation In Il-10-/- Mice Infected With Helicobacter Hepaticus, Courtney Robinson
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
BackgroundThe aberrant inflammation that is the hallmark of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is associated with several factors, including changes in the intestinal microbiota. Here, we confirmed that an intestinal microbiota is needed for development of typhlocolitis in Helicobacter hepaticus infected IL-10-/- C57BL/6 mice, and investigated the role of the microbiota in modulating disease.ResultsWe altered the murine microbiota by treatment with the antibiotics vancomycin or cefoperazone prior to H. hepaticus infection. Through surveys of the 16S rRNA encoding-gene, analyses of histology and changes in expression of host mediators, we correlated alterations in the microbiota with host responses. We found that …