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Articles 1 - 30 of 113
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Rescape: Transforming Coral-Reefscape Images For Quantitative Analysis, Zachary Ferris, Eraldo Ribeiro, Tomofumi Nagata, Robert Van Woesik
Rescape: Transforming Coral-Reefscape Images For Quantitative Analysis, Zachary Ferris, Eraldo Ribeiro, Tomofumi Nagata, Robert Van Woesik
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Ever since the first image of a coral reef was captured in 1885, people worldwide have been accumulating images of coral reefscapes that document the historic conditions of reefs. However, these innumerable reefscape images suffer from perspective distortion, which reduces the apparent size of distant taxa, rendering the images unusable for quantitative analysis of reef conditions. Here we solve this century-long distortion problem by developing a novel computer-vision algorithm, ReScape, which removes the perspective distortion from reefscape images by transforming them into top-down views, making them usable for quantitative analysis of reef conditions. In doing so, we demonstrate the …
A Neotropical Perspective On The Uniqueness Of The Holocene Among Interglacials, Mark Bush, Jacob Daniel Schiferl, M. Kingston, C. M. Akesson, B. G. Valencia, A. Rozas-Davila, D. Mcgee, A. Woods, C. Y. Chen, R. G. Hatfield, D. T. Rodbell, M. B. Abbott
A Neotropical Perspective On The Uniqueness Of The Holocene Among Interglacials, Mark Bush, Jacob Daniel Schiferl, M. Kingston, C. M. Akesson, B. G. Valencia, A. Rozas-Davila, D. Mcgee, A. Woods, C. Y. Chen, R. G. Hatfield, D. T. Rodbell, M. B. Abbott
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Understanding how tropical systems have responded to large-scale climate change, such as glacial-interglacial oscillations, and how human impacts have altered those responses is key to current and future ecology. A sedimentary record recovered from Lake Junín, in the Peruvian Andes (4085 m elevation) spans the last 670,000 years and represents the longest continuous and empirically-dated record of tropical vegetation change to date. Spanning seven glacial-interglacial oscillations, fossil pollen and charcoal recovered from the core showed the general dominance of grasslands, although during the warmest times some Andean forest trees grew above their modern limits near the lake. Fire was very …
An Erp Measure Of Non-Conscious Memory Reveals Dissociable Implicit Processes In Human Recognition Using An Open-Source Automated Analytic Pipeline, Richard J. Addante, Javier Lopez-Calderon, Nathan Allen, Carter Luck, Alana Muller, Lindsey Sirianni, Cory S. Inman, Daniel L. Drake
An Erp Measure Of Non-Conscious Memory Reveals Dissociable Implicit Processes In Human Recognition Using An Open-Source Automated Analytic Pipeline, Richard J. Addante, Javier Lopez-Calderon, Nathan Allen, Carter Luck, Alana Muller, Lindsey Sirianni, Cory S. Inman, Daniel L. Drake
Psychology Student Publications
Non-conscious processing of human memory has traditionally been difficult to objectively measure and thus understand. A prior study on a group of hippocampal amnesia (N = 3) patients and healthy controls (N = 6) used a novel procedure for capturing neural correlates of implicit memory using event-related potentials (ERPs): old and new items were equated for varying levels of memory awareness, with ERP differences observed from 400 to 800 ms in bilateral parietal regions that were hippocampal-dependent. The current investigation sought to address the limitations of that study by increasing the sample of healthy subjects (N = …
An Erp Measure Of Non-Conscious Memory Reveals Dissociable Implicit Processes In Human Recognition Using An Open-Source Automated Analytic Pipeline, Richard J. Addante, Javier Lopez-Calderon, Nathaniel Allen, Carter Luck, Alana Muller, Lindsey Sirianni, Cory S. Inman, Daniel L. Drane
An Erp Measure Of Non-Conscious Memory Reveals Dissociable Implicit Processes In Human Recognition Using An Open-Source Automated Analytic Pipeline, Richard J. Addante, Javier Lopez-Calderon, Nathaniel Allen, Carter Luck, Alana Muller, Lindsey Sirianni, Cory S. Inman, Daniel L. Drane
Psychology Faculty Publications
Non-conscious processing of human memory has traditionally been difficult to objectively measure and thus understand. A prior study on a group of hippocampal amnesia (N = 3) patients and healthy controls (N = 6) used a novel procedure for capturing neural correlates of implicit memory using event-related potentials (ERPs): old and new items were equated for varying levels of memory awareness, with ERP differences observed from 400 to 800 ms in bilateral parietal regions that were hippocampal-dependent. The current investigation sought to address the limitations of that study by increasing the sample of healthy subjects (N = 54), applying new …
Branching And Pedicellariae In Basketstars And Snakestars Database, Richard L. Turner, Brenna O. O'Neill
Branching And Pedicellariae In Basketstars And Snakestars Database, Richard L. Turner, Brenna O. O'Neill
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Mechanisms Of Motor Learning In Lmmersive Virtual Reality And Their Influences On Retention And Context Transfer, Julia M. Juliano
Mechanisms Of Motor Learning In Lmmersive Virtual Reality And Their Influences On Retention And Context Transfer, Julia M. Juliano
Link Foundation Modeling, Simulation and Training Fellowship Reports
lmmersive virtual reality using a head-mounted display (HMD-VR) is increasingly being used for motor learning purposes. These devices have the potential to be useful tools in motor training and rehabilitation as they allow for researchers and clinicians to control and individualize the virtual environment. However, we do not yet know how to maximize these devices potential because the mechanisms underlying how we move and learn motor skills in them are unclear. The central objective of my research is to address gaps in our understanding of what makes movements and motor learning in HMD-VR different from more conventional training environments and …
“To Multiply Corn Two-Hundred-Fold”: The Alchemical Augmentation Of Wheat Seeds In Seventeenth-Century English Husbandry, Justin Niermeier-Dohoney
“To Multiply Corn Two-Hundred-Fold”: The Alchemical Augmentation Of Wheat Seeds In Seventeenth-Century English Husbandry, Justin Niermeier-Dohoney
Arts and Communication Faculty Publications
Agricultural reform movements proliferated in seventeenth-century Europe. For many who sought to make farming more economically productive, the practices of chymistry offered a way to accomplish these goals. Placed in the context of the development of a “vegetable philosophy,” or a theory of generation and growth across mineralogical and botanical domains, this article examines the application of chymical techniques in the attempt to enhance wheat seeds through seed-steeping and “fructifying” experiments among seventeenth-century agricultural reformers, particularly in England. I focus on three main sources: instructional husbandry manuals describing how to create “fructifying waters” to fertilize these seeds, the writings of …
"Rusticall Chymistry": Alchemy, Saltpeter Projects, And Experimental Fertilizers In Seventeenth-Century English Agriculture", Justin Niermeier-Dohoney
"Rusticall Chymistry": Alchemy, Saltpeter Projects, And Experimental Fertilizers In Seventeenth-Century English Agriculture", Justin Niermeier-Dohoney
Arts and Communication Faculty Publications
As the primary ingredient in gunpowder, saltpeter was an extraordinarily important commodity in the early modern world. Historians of science and technology have long studied its military applications but have rarely focused on its uses outside of warfare. Due to its potential effectiveness as a fertilizer, saltpeter was also an integral component of experimental agricultural reform movements in the early modern period and particularly in seventeenth-century England. This became possible for several reasons: the creation of a thriving domestic saltpeter production industry in the second half of the sixteenth century; the development of vitalist alchemical theories that sought a unified …
Boosting Brain Waves Improves Memory, Richard J. Addante, Mairy Yousif, Rosemarie Valencia, Constance Greenwood, Raechel Marino
Boosting Brain Waves Improves Memory, Richard J. Addante, Mairy Yousif, Rosemarie Valencia, Constance Greenwood, Raechel Marino
Psychology Student Publications
Have you ever wanted to improve your memory? Or have you struggled to remember what you studied? Memory uses special patterns of activity in the brain. This experiment tested a new way to create brain wave patterns that help with memory. We wanted to see if we could improve memory by using lights and sounds that teach the brain waves to be in sync. People wore special goggles that made flashes of light and headphones that made beeping noises. This trained the brain through a process called entrainment. The entrainment put the brain in sync at a specific brain wave …
Investigating The Computations Underlying Complex Motor Skill Learning, Christopher S. Yang
Investigating The Computations Underlying Complex Motor Skill Learning, Christopher S. Yang
Link Foundation Modeling, Simulation and Training Fellowship Reports
In order for a person to learn a new skill from scratch such as riding a bike or playing the piano, their brain must generate a new motor controller (a policy which maps one’s goal and current state to movements) that can perform this task, a process known as de novo learning. Despite the important role that de novo learning plays in acquiring motor skills, very little is understood about this learning process as the motor learning community has largely focused on investigating how existing skills are recalibrated, a process known as adaptation. In the present project, I designed an …
Recallable But Not Recognizable: The Influence Of Semantic Priming In Recall Paradigms, Jason D. Ozubko, Lindsey Ann Sirianni, Fahad N. Ahmad, Colin M. Macleod, Richard Addante
Recallable But Not Recognizable: The Influence Of Semantic Priming In Recall Paradigms, Jason D. Ozubko, Lindsey Ann Sirianni, Fahad N. Ahmad, Colin M. Macleod, Richard Addante
Psychology Faculty Publications
When people can successfully recall a studied word, they should be able to recognize it as having been studied. In cued-recall paradigms, however, participants sometimes correctly recall words in the presence of strong semantic cues but then fail to recognize those words as actually having been studied. Although the conditions necessary to produce this unusual effect are known, the underlying neural correlates have not been investigated. Across five experiments, involving both behavioral and electrophysiological methods (EEG), we investigated the cognitive and neural processes that underlie recognition failures. Experiments 1 and 2 showed behaviorally that assuming that recalled items can be …
Neural Correlates Of The Dunning-Kruger Effect, Alana Muller, Lindsey A. Sirianni, Richard Addante
Neural Correlates Of The Dunning-Kruger Effect, Alana Muller, Lindsey A. Sirianni, Richard Addante
Psychology Faculty Publications
The Dunning-Kruger effect (DKE) is a metacognitive phenomenon of illusory superiority in which individuals who perform poorly on a task believe they performed better than others, yet individuals who performed very well believe they under-performed compared to others. This phenomenon has yet to be directly explored in episodic memory, nor explored for physiological correlates or reaction times. We designed a novel method to elicit the DKE via a test of item recognition while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Throughout the task, participants were asked to estimate the percentile in which they performed compared to others. Results revealed participants in the bottom …
Biodiversity Of The Indian River Lagoon System: A Cautionary Tale From The Birds, Richard L. Turner
Biodiversity Of The Indian River Lagoon System: A Cautionary Tale From The Birds, Richard L. Turner
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Prevailing dogma on comparative biodiversity of the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) stems mainly from one claim about ichthyofauna and two about avifauna. The extensive network of birdwatchers, clarity of bird taxonomy, long history of the Christmas Bird Count (CBC), and burgeoning database on ebird.org make birds excellent for geographic comparison. The 1985 claim that Merritt Island CBCs are often the ‘‘most speciose count’’ in the U.S. is unfounded. CBCs there in 1970–1985 never had the highest count, even compared to the nearby Cocoa site. For the 114th CBC (2013), it ranked 11th in Florida and 44th nationally. The 1989 claim …
Avian Biodiversity Of The Indian River Lagoon System, Florida, Richard L. Turner
Avian Biodiversity Of The Indian River Lagoon System, Florida, Richard L. Turner
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Despite claims about high avian biodiversity in the Indian River Lagoon system, previous efforts to inventory the birds have been limited in geographic extent or in habitat. Compilation of a list of birds could rely on many resources, but ones of widespread availability, greatest historical record, and highest density of sites are two citizen-science projects: the Christmas Bird Count (CBC) and eBird. Lists of species were harvested from 17 CBC sites (‘‘circles’’) back to 1910 and from 432 eBird sites (‘‘hotspots’’) since 2002 within the boundaries of the Indian River Lagoon National Estuary Program (IRLNEP). In addition to lagoon waters, …
Modeling Self-Organization In Human Crowds, Trenton D. Wirth
Modeling Self-Organization In Human Crowds, Trenton D. Wirth
Link Foundation Modeling, Simulation and Training Fellowship Reports
Developing an understanding of human crowd movement is critical for optimizing crowd safety, both on the streets and in buildings. It is well understood from the study of animal collective motion that individuals are better able coordinate and respond to perturbations by perceiving movements from their neighbors (Ballerini et al., 2008; Couzin & Krause, 2003; Partridge, 1982). Thus, modeling and simulating human crowd behavior depends on the modeler’s ability to accurately characterize how an individual is influenced by his or her neighbors (Ballerini et al., 2008); i.e., identifying the local rules of engagement that lead to self-organization (Rio et al., …
Auditory And Vestibular Control Of Inverted Pendulum Dynamics In Spatial Orientation, Lila Naheed Fakharzadeh
Auditory And Vestibular Control Of Inverted Pendulum Dynamics In Spatial Orientation, Lila Naheed Fakharzadeh
Link Foundation Modeling, Simulation and Training Fellowship Reports
Human standing balance requires continuously nulling the tendency to fall like an inverted pendulum, and this process relies on the convergence of information from multiple sensory modalities including vestibular, vision, audition, proprioception and somatosensation. Dynamic control of unstable balance is also a critical and difficult task in aviation and spaceflight. Pilots may lose orientation and vehicle control during unstable maneuvers like helicopter hovering in a degraded visual environment or during ambiguous vestibular signaling. It is therefore imperative to determine whether training with combinations of sensory modalities can aid the ability to balance in operational environments where some sensory signals can …
Using Immersive Virtual Reality To Assess Context-Dependency Of Locomotor Skill Learning In People With Parkinson's Disease, Aram Kim
Link Foundation Modeling, Simulation and Training Fellowship Reports
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from a loss of multisystem degenerations and neurotransmitter deficiencies such as dopaminergic and cholinergic degenerations [1]–[4]. The degenerations lead to typical clinical manifestation in people with PD is primarily motor functions such as postural instability, impairments in gait, rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia [2], [4]–[9], but also a wide range of cognitive dysfunctions such as deficits in executive functions and visuospatial processing [10]–[13]. These symptoms exacerbate as the disease progresses and lead to declines in locomotion and high risk of falls [3], [7], [14]–[17]. Among individuals with PD, 5068% of them experience …
Entrainment Enhances Theta Oscillations And Improves Episodic Memory, Brooke M. Roberts, Alex Clarke, Richard J. Addante, Charan Ranganath
Entrainment Enhances Theta Oscillations And Improves Episodic Memory, Brooke M. Roberts, Alex Clarke, Richard J. Addante, Charan Ranganath
Psychology Faculty Publications
Neural oscillations in the theta band have been linked to episodic memory, but it is unclear whether activity patterns that give rise to theta play a causal role in episodic retrieval. Here, we used rhythmic auditory and visual stimulation to entrain neural oscillations to assess whether theta activity contributes to successful memory retrieval. In two separate experiments, human subjects studied words and were subsequently tested on memory for the words ('item recognition') and the context in which each had been previously studied ('source memory'). Between study and test, subjects in the entrainment groups were exposed to audiovisual stimuli designed to …
Robust Microplate-Based Methods For Culturing And In Vivo Phenotypic Screening Of Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Timothy C. Haire, Cody Bell, Kirstin Cutshaw, Brendan Swiger, Kurt Winkelmann, Andrew G. Palmer
Robust Microplate-Based Methods For Culturing And In Vivo Phenotypic Screening Of Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Timothy C. Haire, Cody Bell, Kirstin Cutshaw, Brendan Swiger, Kurt Winkelmann, Andrew G. Palmer
Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Faculty Publications
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr), a unicellular alga, is routinely utilized to study photosynthetic biochemistry, ciliary motility, and cellular reproduction. Its minimal culture requirements, unicellular morphology, and ease of transformation have made it a popular model system. Despite its relatively slow doubling time, compared with many bacteria, it is an ideal eukaryotic system for microplate-based studies utilizing either, or both, absorbance as well as fluorescence assays. Such microplate assays are powerful tools for researchers in the areas of toxicology, pharmacology, chemical genetics, biotechnology, and more. However, while microplate-based assays are valuable tools for screening biological systems, these methodologies can significantly alter the …
Coral Reef Fishes Exhibit Beneficial Phenotypes Inside Marine Protected Areas, Robert Y. Fidler, Jessica Fidler, Kristen W. Rynerson, Danielle F. Matthews, Ralph G. Turingan
Coral Reef Fishes Exhibit Beneficial Phenotypes Inside Marine Protected Areas, Robert Y. Fidler, Jessica Fidler, Kristen W. Rynerson, Danielle F. Matthews, Ralph G. Turingan
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Human fishing effort is size-selective, preferentially removing the largest individuals from harvested stocks. Intensive, size-specific fishing mortality induces directional shifts in phenotypic frequencies towards the predominance of smaller and earlier-maturing individuals, which are among the primary causes of declining fish biomass. Fish that reproduce at smaller size and younger age produce fewer, smaller, and less viable larvae, severely reducing the reproductive capacity of harvested populations. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are extensively utilized in coral reefs for fisheries management, and are thought to mitigate the impacts of size-selective fishing mortality and supplement fished stocks through larval export. However, empirical evidence of …
Altered Environmental Light Drives Retinal Change In The Atlantic Tarpon (Megalops Atlanticus) Over Timescales Relevant To Marine Environmental Disturbance, Lorian E. Schweikert, Michael S. Grace
Altered Environmental Light Drives Retinal Change In The Atlantic Tarpon (Megalops Atlanticus) Over Timescales Relevant To Marine Environmental Disturbance, Lorian E. Schweikert, Michael S. Grace
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
For many fish species, retinal function changes between life history stages as part of an encoded developmental program. Retinal change is also known to exhibit plasticity because retinal form and function can be influenced by light exposure over the course of development. Aside from studies of gene expression, it remains largely unknown whether retinal plasticity can provide functional responses to short-term changes in environmental light quality. The aim of this study was to determine whether the structure and function of the fish retina can change in response to altered light intensity and spectrum—not over the course of a developmental regime, …
Ancient Amazonian Populations Left Lasting Impacts On Forest Structure, Michael W. Palace, Crystal H. H. Mcmichael, Bobby H. Braswell, Stephen C. Hagen, Mark B. Bush, Eduardo Góes Neves, Eduardo K. Tamanaha, Christina Herrick, Steve E. Frolking
Ancient Amazonian Populations Left Lasting Impacts On Forest Structure, Michael W. Palace, Crystal H. H. Mcmichael, Bobby H. Braswell, Stephen C. Hagen, Mark B. Bush, Eduardo Góes Neves, Eduardo K. Tamanaha, Christina Herrick, Steve E. Frolking
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Amazonia contains a vast expanse of contiguous tropical forest and is influential in global carbon and hydrological cycles. Whether ancient Amazonia was highly disturbed or modestly impacted, and how ancient disturbances have shaped current forest ecosystem processes, is still under debate. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs), which are anthropic soil types with enriched nutrient levels, are one of the primary lines of evidence for ancient human presence and landscape modifications in settings that mostly lack stone structures and which are today covered by vegetation. We assessed the potential of using moderate spatial resolution optical satellite imagery to predict ADEs across the …
Variability Of Paralarval-Squid Occurrence In Meter-Net Tows From East Of Florida, Usa, Carrie A. Erickson, Clyde F.E. Roper, Michael Vecchione
Variability Of Paralarval-Squid Occurrence In Meter-Net Tows From East Of Florida, Usa, Carrie A. Erickson, Clyde F.E. Roper, Michael Vecchione
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
We attempted to determine cross-shelf, diel, and seasonal distribution patterns of paralarval cephalopods off eastern Florida during a 5-year study that employed both open-net and discrete-depth closing-net sampling. Based on our 303 samples, abundant and common squid taxa included the squid Doryteuthis spp., which tended to be in coastal and intermediate waters, and Abralia cf veranyi (Eye-Flash Squid), Illex spp. (shortfin squid), and Ommastrephidae Type A (which could include Ommastrephes bartramii [Neon Flying Squid] and Ornithoteuthis antillarum [Atlantic Bird Squid]), mostly in intermediate and Florida Current waters. Species diversity and abundance were usually greatest in Florida Current waters versus coastal …
Examination Of The Impact Of Condensed Biofeedback Training On Acute Stress Responses, Meredith Carroll, Brent Winslow
Examination Of The Impact Of Condensed Biofeedback Training On Acute Stress Responses, Meredith Carroll, Brent Winslow
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
The objective of this study was to measure the effects of a condensed 90 minute Biofeedback Training (BFT) method on stress response and decision making performance under stress. Forty one novice male participants received either BFT training, which incorporated diaphragmatic breathing with Stress Inoculation Training (SIT), or a control training task. Participants completed pre- and post-training assessments which incorporated a socio evaluative stress induction method followed immediately by performance of a simulation- based decision making under stress scenario. Stress was assessed using real-time physiological measures of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) response and cortisol measures of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis …
Sf3b1 Is A Stress-Sensitive Splicing Factor That Regulates Both Hsf1 Concentration And Activity, Karen S. Kim Guisbert, Eric Guisbert
Sf3b1 Is A Stress-Sensitive Splicing Factor That Regulates Both Hsf1 Concentration And Activity, Karen S. Kim Guisbert, Eric Guisbert
Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Faculty Publications
The heat shock response (HSR) is a well-conserved, cytoprotective stress response that activates the HSF1 transcription factor. During severe stress, cells inhibit mRNA splicing which also serves a cytoprotective function via inhibition of gene expression. Despite their functional interconnectedness, there have not been any previous reports of crosstalk between these two pathways. In a genetic screen, we identified SF3B1, a core component of the U2 snRNP subunit of the spliceosome, as a regulator of the heat shock response in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we show that this regulatory connection is conserved in cultured human cells and that there are at least …
Blue-Light Induced Accumulation Of Reactive Oxygen Species Is A Consequence Of The Drosophila Cryptochrome Photocycle, Louis David Arthaut, Margaret Ahmad, Nathalie Jourdan, Ali Mteyrek, Maria Procopio, Mohamed A. El-Esawi, Alain D'Harlingue, Pierre Etienne Bouchet, Jacques Witczak, Carlos F. Martino
Blue-Light Induced Accumulation Of Reactive Oxygen Species Is A Consequence Of The Drosophila Cryptochrome Photocycle, Louis David Arthaut, Margaret Ahmad, Nathalie Jourdan, Ali Mteyrek, Maria Procopio, Mohamed A. El-Esawi, Alain D'Harlingue, Pierre Etienne Bouchet, Jacques Witczak, Carlos F. Martino
Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Faculty Publications
Cryptochromes are evolutionarily conserved blue-light absorbing flavoproteins which participate in many important cellular processes including in entrainment of the circadian clock in plants, Drosophila and humans. Drosophila melanogaster cryptochrome (DmCry) absorbs light through a flavin (FAD) cofactor that undergoes photoreduction to the anionic radical (FAD) redox state both in vitro and in vivo. However, recent efforts to link this photoconversion to the initiation of a biological response have remained controversial. Here, we show by kinetic modeling of the DmCry photocycle that the fluence dependence, quantum yield, and half-life of flavin redox state interconversion are consistent with the anionic radical (FAD∗-) …
Island Life And Isolation: The Population Genetics Of Pacific Wrens On The North Pacific Rim, Christin L. Pruett, Angela Ricono, Cory Spern, Kevin Winker
Island Life And Isolation: The Population Genetics Of Pacific Wrens On The North Pacific Rim, Christin L. Pruett, Angela Ricono, Cory Spern, Kevin Winker
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Conservation of intraspecific variation is a growing focus of conservation biology. Island populations can make up a large portion of the variation of widespread species, as they are often isolated and exhibit differences in phenotype and genetic structure compared with mainland populations. We genotyped 169 Pacific Wrens (Troglodytes pacificus) from 9 locations and 6 subspecies in Alaska, USA, and British Columbia, Canada, to examine the population structure, genetic diversity, and likelihood of genetic rescue of island populations of conservation concern. We found that 25% of genetic variation was partitioned among conservation units delineated by subspecies, suggesting that the present framework …
Climate Change And The Threat Of Novel Marine Predators In Antarctica, Kathryn E. Smith, Richard B. Aronson, Brittan V. Steffel, Margaret O. Amsler, Sven Thatje, Hanumant Pratap Singh, Jeffrey S. Anderson, Cecilia J. Brothers, Alastair Brown, Daniel S. Ellis, J. N. Havenhand, W. R. James, P.-O. Moksnes, A. W. Randolph, T. Sayre-Mccord, J. B. Mcclintock
Climate Change And The Threat Of Novel Marine Predators In Antarctica, Kathryn E. Smith, Richard B. Aronson, Brittan V. Steffel, Margaret O. Amsler, Sven Thatje, Hanumant Pratap Singh, Jeffrey S. Anderson, Cecilia J. Brothers, Alastair Brown, Daniel S. Ellis, J. N. Havenhand, W. R. James, P.-O. Moksnes, A. W. Randolph, T. Sayre-Mccord, J. B. Mcclintock
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Historically low temperatures have severely limited skeleton-breaking predation on the Antarctic shelf, facilitating the evolution of a benthic fauna poorly defended against durophagy. Now, rapid warming of the Southern Ocean is restructuring Antarctic marine ecosystems as conditions become favorable for range expansions. Populations of the lithodid crab Paralomis birsteini currently inhabit some areas of the continental slope off Antarctica. They could potentially expand along the slope and upward to the outer continental shelf, where temperatures are no longer prohibitively low. We identified two sites inhabited by different densities of lithodids in the slope environment along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Analysis …
Repeated Thermal Stress, Shading, And Directional Selection In The Florida Reef Tract, Robert Van Woesik, Kelly R. Mccaffrey
Repeated Thermal Stress, Shading, And Directional Selection In The Florida Reef Tract, Robert Van Woesik, Kelly R. Mccaffrey
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Over the last three decades reef corals have been subjected to an unprecedented frequency and intensity of thermal-stress events, which have led to extensive coral bleaching, disease, and mortality. Over the next century, the climate is predicted to drive sea-surface temperatures to even higher levels, consequently increasing the risk of mass bleaching and disease outbreaks. Yet, there is considerable temporal and spatial variation in coral bleaching and in disease prevalence. Using data collected from 2,398 sites along the Florida reef tract from 2005 to 2015, this study examined the temporal and spatial patterns of coral bleaching and disease in relation …
The Functional Extinction Of Andean Megafauna, Angela Rozas-Dávila, Bryan G. Valencia, Mark B. Bush
The Functional Extinction Of Andean Megafauna, Angela Rozas-Dávila, Bryan G. Valencia, Mark B. Bush
Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Faculty Publications
Controversy exists over the cause and timing of the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna. In the tropical Andes, deglaciation and associated rapid climate change began ∼8,000 years before human arrival, providing an opportunity to separate the effects of climate change from human hunting on megafaunal extinction. We present a paleoecological record spanning the last 25,000 years from Lake Pacucha, Peru (3,100 m elevation). Fossil pollen, charcoal, diatoms, and the dung fungus Sporormiella, chronicle a two-stage megaherbivore population collapse. Sporormiella abundance, the proxy for megafaunal presence, fell sharply at ∼21,000 years ago, but rebounded prior to a permanent decline between ∼16,800 …