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Articles 91 - 117 of 117
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Impact Of Permaculture On The Above-Ground Mesofaunal Communities In The Perth Metropolitan Area, Ruth C. D'Sanges
The Impact Of Permaculture On The Above-Ground Mesofaunal Communities In The Perth Metropolitan Area, Ruth C. D'Sanges
Theses : Honours
Conventional agricultural practices (tillage, extensive application of synthetic fertilisers and biocides) exert substantial disturbance on soil ecosystems, consequently causing severe land degradation through loss of soil organic matter. These practices also place significant pressure on the soil inhabitants. However, permaculture systems practice non-tillage and extensive mulching. These non-tillage practices reduce the amount of perturbation on the litter invertebrates and encourage their abundances. The aims of this study were to describe the above-ground mesofaunal communities in the mulch layer of selected urban permaculture systems in the Perth Metropolitan area. This included determining the faunal abundance and diversity. Four permaculture sites were …
Predation By Gambusia Holbrooki (Girard) (Pisces Poeciliidae) On Tadpoles : Feeding Trials And Microhabitat Utilisation In Two Contrasting Wetlands On The Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia, Beate Sommer
Theses : Honours
Predation by non-native Gambusia spp. (somewhat inappropriately referred to as “Mosquitofish”) has been implicated in the decline of some frog populations overseas and in eastern Australia. Originally introduced to control mosquito larvae, Gambusia holbrooki are now widely distributed and abundant in wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain (Western Australia). Anecdotal evidence suggests that some frog populations on the Swan Coastal Plain may be declining. Through a series of laboratory feeding trials and a field survey conducted in a permanent and a seasonal wetland on the Swan Coastal Plain, this study investigated whether predation by G. holbrooki has the potential to …
A Study Of Biochemical And Haematological Variables With Performance In Showjumping Horses, Darren B. Simmons
A Study Of Biochemical And Haematological Variables With Performance In Showjumping Horses, Darren B. Simmons
Theses : Honours
This honours project examined the biochemical and haematological changes induced by exercise in the showjumping horse to determine whether a relationship exists between these values and performance. To complete this study 7 geldings and 1 stallion who were considered competition fit by their trainers were subjected to 2 forms of exercise. The first phase of this study involved an incremental exercise test performed at the Byford City Council horse training facility. The horses were cantered/galloped around a 1300m all weather training track at velocities of 6, 8, 10, and 12 m/sec for a duration of 2 minutes for each workload. …
Homozygosity Levels In Consanguineous Populations: A Study Of The Sankethi Community, Karnataka, India, Janet Cahill
Homozygosity Levels In Consanguineous Populations: A Study Of The Sankethi Community, Karnataka, India, Janet Cahill
Theses : Honours
The project has studied the inheritance of microsatellite alleles across four chromosomes within two multi-generation families from a highly endogamous community, the Sankethi of Karnataka, India. The two families each have members from four generations participating in the study. Finger prick blood samples and detailed pedigree information were collected from subjects in India. DNA was extracted from the blood spot samples using a phenol-chloroform technique, and analysed by spectrophotometry to determine DNA concentrations. Fluorescent markers from chromosomes 15, 16, 17 & 18 were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques on a Perkin Elmer 96 well thermocycler. The PCR products …
Comparative Salt And Waterlogging Tolerance Of An Introduced Grass (Agropyron Elongatum [Host] P. Beauv.) And Two Herbaceous Australian Species (Podolepis Gracilis [Lehm.] And Danthonia Caespitosa Gaud.), Bryan William Duff
Theses : Honours
Increasing land degradation is recognised as an immediate worldwide threat. Human induced soil salinity is probably the major cause of land abandonment, through its adverse effects on plant growth. Salinity is a major focus of environmental researchers because it is recognised that counter-strategies can potentially reclaim both artificially degraded lands and intrinsically saline areas. Currently, strategies to combat salinity require that land use is changed, since restoration to a past use is usually economically impractical or impossible. Biological strategies show most promise. Revegetation of degraded soils with hardy plant species has met with considerable success, and shows promise for the …
Introduced Cyprinid (Carp) Fishes In Western Australia And Their Management Implications, K. R. Breheny
Introduced Cyprinid (Carp) Fishes In Western Australia And Their Management Implications, K. R. Breheny
Theses : Honours
Australia has no native cyprinid species and five introduced species have established self-sustaining populations. This study examines the cyprinid species present in Western Australia and estimates their distribution. The potential for introduced cyprinids to cause environmental impacts is explained and ameliorative action recommended. The presence and distribution of cyprinid species is assessed by examination of museum records, published literature, reported collections, anecdotal evidence and sampling of wetland habitats. Two species, Carassius nuratus (Goldfish) and Cyprinus carpio (Koi carp) are believed to have established populations and a map of estimated distribution is compiled. The capacity for introduced carp to undergo sudden …
Effect Of Carbohydrate Source, Auxin And Endogenous Ethylene Upon Root Induction Of Eucalyptus Marginata Donn Ex Sm. In Vitro, Meredith Magaret Fairbanks
Effect Of Carbohydrate Source, Auxin And Endogenous Ethylene Upon Root Induction Of Eucalyptus Marginata Donn Ex Sm. In Vitro, Meredith Magaret Fairbanks
Theses : Honours
The utilisation of eucalypts around the world is increasing, mainly through the development of plantations. Clonal propagation has become important in some countries for production of such plantation trees. Micropropagation has been utilised to produce clones of trees selected for specific characteristics such as disease resistance, salt tolerance and fast growth rates. However, a suitable micropropagation protocol for all eucalypts has not been produced. One component of the micropropagation protocol, in which there is considerable difficulty, is the induction of adventitious roots on micropropagated shoots. Of particular interest, is the development of these procedures for Eucalyptus marginata (Jarrah) that have …
Phenolic And Lignin Concentration As An Indicator Of Resistance To Phytophthora Cinnamomi In Banksia Species, Sandra Jane Nicoski
Phenolic And Lignin Concentration As An Indicator Of Resistance To Phytophthora Cinnamomi In Banksia Species, Sandra Jane Nicoski
Theses : Honours
Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, a soilborne fungus, is regarded as one of the most devastating pathogens yet recorded in natural ecosystems. The disease, caused by P. cinnamomi, poses an enormous threat to the flora of the southwest. The Proteaceae, in particular, contribute considerably to species richness and provide the fundamental floristic structure of many south-western plant communities. The genus Banksia, a member of the Proteaceae, is very susceptible to disease caused by P. cinnamomi. Three species, namely B. attenuata, B. grandis and B. menziesii. Were established in an aeroponics system under glasshouse conditions. Trials were conducted to optimise growing conditions in …
Microhabitat Use By Gilbert's Potoroo (Potorous Tridactylus Gilbertii Gould) In Relation To Vegetation Associations And Ground Cover, S. Vetten
Theses : Honours
Gilbert's potoroo has been rediscovered 120 years after it was believed to have become extinct. In 1994 the presence of Gilbert's potoroo was confirmed at Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, near Albany, and since that time the need for a detailed understanding of the biology and behaviour of the species has become urgent. An understanding of the habitat requirements of the species will aid in its recovery from its present critically endangered status and will act as a guide for future management decisions concerning translocations of new populations into other areas. The present study was conducted at Two Peoples Bay …
The Use Of Subjective Ratings Of Perceived Exertion (Rpe) To Estimate Fixed Blood Lactate Concentrations During Incremental Cycle Ergometer Exercise, Keith Robert Scotson
The Use Of Subjective Ratings Of Perceived Exertion (Rpe) To Estimate Fixed Blood Lactate Concentrations During Incremental Cycle Ergometer Exercise, Keith Robert Scotson
Theses : Honours
Prescription of exercise intensity based on blood lactate concentration has become widely accepted in recent years. The methods used to directly measure blood lactate concentration however, can be costly, time consuming and potentially hazardous to both subject and tester. Recent studies indicate that a strong relationship exists between subjective feelings of strain experienced during exercise and changes in the appearance of blood lactate. This raises the possibility that subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) can be used to simply and effectively estimate and monitor appropriate exercise intensity based on blood lactate concentration. In order to test this theory two groups …
Development And Optimisation Of A Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography Method For The Separation And Identification Of Phenolics From Eucalypt Species, Andrew J. Tromans
Development And Optimisation Of A Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography Method For The Separation And Identification Of Phenolics From Eucalypt Species, Andrew J. Tromans
Theses : Honours
Several buffers were examined for their ability to separate a complex mixture of phenolic compounds using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC). The phenolic mixture included simple phenols, phenolic acids and coumarins. Of the different buffers examined, 6 mM borate, 10 mM phosphate, 100 mM SDS, pH 8.3 gave the best separation. The ability of organic modifiers, complexation agents such as α cyclodextrin, β cyclodextrin and mixed SDS I Brij 35 micelles to improve the separation and peak retention time reproducibility of the buffer system was investigated. Baseline separation of the 18 phenolics was achieved by the 6 mM borate, 10 …
Modelling The Effects Of Rehabilitation And Changed Agricultural Practices In A Saline-Affected Rural Catchment, M. K. Heller
Modelling The Effects Of Rehabilitation And Changed Agricultural Practices In A Saline-Affected Rural Catchment, M. K. Heller
Theses : Honours
The Bremer river catchment, on the South-coast of Western Australia, is typical of most river catchments in this region in that it has been seriously affected by sedimentation, salinisation and eutrophication brought on by the gradual dominance of agricultural land management practices. Vegetated rehabilitation and changed agricultural land management practices (ie minimum / zero tillage) have now been widely adopted throughout the catchment in response to these degradation issues. This study examined the potential impact minimum / zero tillage, vegetated rehabilitation and remnant vegetation could have on both a farm and catchment wide scale. A Geographical Information System was developed …
The Filtration Rate, Oxygen Consumption And Biomass Of The Introduced Polychaete Sabella Spallanzanii Gmelin Within Cockburn Sound : Can It Control Phytoplankton Levels And Is It An Efficient Filter Feeder?, Geordie Clapin
Theses : Honours
Sabella spallanzanii, a filter feeding, sabellid polychaete worm which is common in the Mediterranean Sea, was recently discovered in Cockburn Sound, Western Australia. The species has been in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria for about 10 years, where it has spread widely, competes with native species and has economic impacts on the local scallop fishery. In Cockburn Sound, S. spallanzanii has colonised a shallow, sandy area known as the Southern Flats, reaching a mean biomass of 258 gDW m2 , as well as almost all artificial structures such as jetties and navigational marker pylons. A large biomass of this introduced …
Localisation Of The Gene For A Novel Form Of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease In An Isolated Population, Kaite Honeyman
Localisation Of The Gene For A Novel Form Of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease In An Isolated Population, Kaite Honeyman
Theses : Honours
Localising the gene for a previously undescribed autosomal recessive form of CMT involved the use of a relatively new approach to rapid genome screening based on the identification of segments which are inherited identical by descent (IBD) from common founding ancestors. It is most feasible for populations which have been founded relatively recently (say less than 25 generations) and which have remained relatively isolated either geographically or culturally. The method is not suitable for highly inbred populations, that is with first and second cousin matings, as many segments will be inherited by chance. It appears to be a suitable screening …
Is There A Difference In Cortical Representation Between Dominant And Non-Dominant Arm Muscles Of Elite Badminton Players?, Dylan J. Edwards
Is There A Difference In Cortical Representation Between Dominant And Non-Dominant Arm Muscles Of Elite Badminton Players?, Dylan J. Edwards
Theses : Honours
Training for sport involves the development of skill and coordination. The physiological changes associated with skill acquisition are complex and at present poorly understood. One of the areas in the central nervous system thought to be involved with skill acquisition is the cerebral motor cortex where localised areas are responsible for controlling specific muscle groups. Learning or improving a motor skill may require reorganisation of the cortical areas controlling relevant muscles to accommodate the new skill. To test this idea we studied a group of elite badminton players that were highly skilled in their dominant playing arm. Transcranial magnetic stimulation …
Foraging Preferences Of The Introduced Honeybee In Winter Flowering Banksia Woodland : Implications For The Management Of Flora And Fauna Of Conservation Areas, Simon Lawrence Judd
Foraging Preferences Of The Introduced Honeybee In Winter Flowering Banksia Woodland : Implications For The Management Of Flora And Fauna Of Conservation Areas, Simon Lawrence Judd
Theses : Honours
The Honeybee (Apis mellifcra) is arguably Australia's most abundant feral animal, and relatively little is known about its interactions with the Australian biota. A lack of such information makes it difficult for the managers of nature conservation areas to decide whether beekeeping is appropriate and whether attempts should be made to control feral bees. This study made observations of feral honeybees and native pollinating invertebrates for one hundred and twelve hours, at fifteen sites in Banksia woodland, between July 27 and September 10, 1995. Flowering and preflowering invertebrate assemblages of Leucopogon polymorphus, an epacrid shrub which provided …
Effect Of Exercise Induced Muscle Soreness On The Motor Control Properties Of The Biceps Brachii, Alan J. Pearce
Effect Of Exercise Induced Muscle Soreness On The Motor Control Properties Of The Biceps Brachii, Alan J. Pearce
Theses : Honours
The objective of this study was to note the time course changes for up to 28 days on the motor control properties of biceps brachii muscle following a bout of eccentric exercise. Eight subjects (5 male, 25-40 years of age) performed 35 maximal voluntary eccentric contractions with the non-preferred arm of the elbow flexors through 130° of extension of 90°s-1. Voluntary electromyographic (EMG) activity and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were recorded via surface electrodes placed over the belly of the biceps brachii muscle. Maximal isometric strength was measured at 90° elbow flexion. …
The Optimisation Of Nitrogen Content For Micropropagation Of Eucalyptus Marginata, Andrew James Woodward
The Optimisation Of Nitrogen Content For Micropropagation Of Eucalyptus Marginata, Andrew James Woodward
Theses : Honours
The use of eucalypts for plantation timber and pulp is becoming increasingly important, as are eucalypts that are resistant to disease and insect herbivory. Where clones with desirable traits have been selected, it is important that these genotypes are preserved. Micropropagation of some eucalypts, and Eucalyptus marginata in particular, can be difficult possibly due to the currently used basal medium of Murashige and Skoog (M&S)(I 962). By examining the nitrogen utilisation and the effects of medium pH of this species, it may be possible to improve general micropropagation protocol. Six clones of the species E. marginata were obtained as shoot …
Proline Concentration As An Indicator Of The Level Of Salt Tolerance, Philomena Y. Rosalie
Proline Concentration As An Indicator Of The Level Of Salt Tolerance, Philomena Y. Rosalie
Theses : Honours
Each year approximately 20 million hectares of land become affected by increasing salinity. Salt tolerant plants are being used to rehabilitate salt affected areas. Plants use a variety of mechanisms to adapt to salt in their environments. Glycophytes tolerate low to moderate levels of salt while halophytes can tolerate very high salt levels. Many basic physiological attributes have been suggested as important components of a salt tolerant phenotype. These include, influx and/or efflux of ions across plasma membrane and the tonoplast, modification of membrane composition and synthesis of compatible solutes such as soluble carbohydrates, glycine betaines and proline. The project …
Localisation And Detection Of A Polymorphism In The Human Skeletal Beta-Tropomyosin Gene (Tpm2), Clive C.J. Hunt
Localisation And Detection Of A Polymorphism In The Human Skeletal Beta-Tropomyosin Gene (Tpm2), Clive C.J. Hunt
Theses : Honours
Tropomyosin is one of the components of the thin filaments of muscle, binding to actin, and, together with troponin, regulating contraction in a calcium-dependent manner (Cho et al.,1990). There are at least four distinct tropomyosin genes in vertebrates and each may encode at least six different isoforms of tropomyosin by alternate splicing (Novy et al, 1993; MacLeod et al., 1988). The alpha-tropomyosin gene TPM1 has recently been localised to 15q22 (Eyre et al, 1994) and has been shown to be mutated in some cases of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Thierfelder et al., 1994). The alpha-tropomyosin gene TPM3 has been recently localised …
Cytogenetic Analysis And Development Of Fish (Fluorescent In Stu Hybridisation) Techniques To Delineate Deletions Of Chromosome 22 In Di George Syndrome And Related Disorders, Marie Mccluskey
Theses : Honours
This honours project is based on the advancement of in situ hybridisation to metaphase chromosome spreads. The technique was carried out using cosmid probes which are specific for microdeleted regions on chromosome 22q11 associated with Di George syndrome (DGS) and related disorders. Disorders similar to DGS include partial Di George syndrome, III-IV pharyngeal pouch syndrome, velucardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), conotruncal facial anomaly and the CHARGE association. Recently the group of disorders with this microdeletion and comparable symptoms has been summarised by the acronym CATCh 22. Large deletions, translocations, monosomies, and trisomies of chromosomes are apparent under the light microscope, when prepared …
The Near-Shore, Soft-Substrate Bivalves Of The Swan Estuary: An Assessment Of Their Use As Biological Indicators, Graham Bailey
The Near-Shore, Soft-Substrate Bivalves Of The Swan Estuary: An Assessment Of Their Use As Biological Indicators, Graham Bailey
Theses : Honours
The soft-substrate bivalves of the Swan Estuary were evaluated for their suitability as biological indicators. The major requirement of a biological indicator is that a response to changing conditions can be shown. Demonstrating that bivalve community and populations respond to changing environmental conditions within The Estuary would fulfill this criteria. To make this assessment the study conducted a quantitative sampling program which established the current structure of the near-shore soft-substrate bivalve community and this was compared with the community established in 1973-74. To evaluate the predictive potential of bivalve structure as an indicator, major environmental conditions in the Estuary were …
Detection Of Point Mutations In The Dystrophin Gene, John Pedretti
Detection Of Point Mutations In The Dystrophin Gene, John Pedretti
Theses : Honours
The dystrophin gene has been localised to Xp 21.1. Mutations of this gene can lead to the clinical manifestations of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD). In the majority of DMD and BMD patients the disease-causing mutation is a deletion detectable by southern analysis or multiplex PCR, however in 30% of patients no deletion is observed using these conventional tests. Using PCR amplification of cDNA it was possible to detect a deletion in the product of the dystrophin gene of one such individual affected with BMD. It was then necessary to characterise the mutation in order to determine whether this …
The Effect Of Nutrition On The Morphology Of The Wool Follicle, Gail Moriarty
The Effect Of Nutrition On The Morphology Of The Wool Follicle, Gail Moriarty
Theses : Honours
This project was part of a larger CSIRO experiment which was examining the factors involved in the development of tender wool. In order to understand the effect of nutritional variations on wool quality, changes in cellular activity and morphology within the wool follicle were examined. Six sheep with a history of producing low staple strength wool (< 25 N/ktex) and six sheep with a history of producing high staple strength wool (> 30 N/ktex) were selected. The experiment ran for 18 weeks, for the first 10 weeks the sheep were fed a restricted ration to achieve a weight loss of approximately 175g/day. From weeks 11 to 18, the sheep were fed an iso-energetic ration containing …
The Use Of Tissue Culture For The Improvement Of Salt Tolerance In Atriplex Spp, Danielle L. Eyre
The Use Of Tissue Culture For The Improvement Of Salt Tolerance In Atriplex Spp, Danielle L. Eyre
Theses : Honours
Soil salinity is widespread throughout the world, and human activity is responsible for increases in the area of land affected by salt. Replanting saline areas using salt-tolerant, or halophytic, species is one method of reclaiming this land. This project investigated the possibility of using in vitro methods to select for increased salt tolerance in halophytic plants. By establishing clonal lines of halophytes in culture and screening those clones for cells exhibiting variation in their capacity to tolerate salt, it may be possible to regenerate plants with elevated salt tolerance. Clonal lines of six species of A triplex (saltbushes) were obtained. …
The Use And Acceptability Of Lupin Seed And Sprout As A Food Ingredient, Pam Yates
The Use And Acceptability Of Lupin Seed And Sprout As A Food Ingredient, Pam Yates
Theses : Honours
This study set out to determine whether germination improved the biochemical and sensory properties of lupins and whether an accept able food could be made from the sprout . The lupin seed, (L. anqustifolius cv . Gungurru), was sprouted using a commercial sprouter for up to 6 days. The seeds were soaked for 24h, then germinated in the dark at 20°C. The sprouts were used in each part of the study: Biochemical Analysis and Sensory Evaluation, Food Product Development and Consumer Market Survey. Many biochemical changes occurred especially in the soaking and early germination stages; including increases in protein (6%) …
The Use And Acceptability Of Lupin Seed And Sprout As A Food Ingredient, Suzanne Dagnia
The Use And Acceptability Of Lupin Seed And Sprout As A Food Ingredient, Suzanne Dagnia
Theses : Honours
The purpose of the research was to assess the use and acceptability of the lupin seed and sprout as a human food. Two studies were designed. 1. The first study involved the biochemical analysis and nutritional evaluation of the lupin sprout. Protein Efficiency Ratio, and Apparent Biological Value, Net Protein Utilization, and Digestibility tests measure protein quality. Biochemical assays included nitrogen and hexane extracts, amino acid profile, and selected minerals and anti-nutritive factors. 2. The second quality study investigated the changes that occur as a result of in the eating partial substitution of lupin flour into a wheat flour-based, standard …