Life Sciences Commons^™

A Comparison Of Nutritional Knowledge, Eating Attitudes, Training Regimens, And Body Composition Between Normal And Abnormal Menstruating Female Adolescent Cross Country Athletes, Dena Maureen Block

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to compare factors that may influence menstrual irregularities of female adolescent high school cross-country runners, ranging from 13-18 years of age. A survey was utilized to determine the subjects age, year in school, exercise history, menstrual history, and training regimens and where the subjects sought nutritional information. The groups were separated according to their current menstrual status. One group (normal) consisted of subjects who currently had a normal menstrual cycle for at least one year (n=17), while the other group (abnormal) (n=18) experienced an irregular menstrual cycle.

A twenty item questionnaire was administered to …

The Influence Of Environmental Ph And Bicarbonate Concentration On The Excretion Of Nitrogenous Waste Products In Two Species Of Freshwater Teleost, Paul D. Fabsits

Masters Theses

The catabolism of amino acids derived from dietary protein results in the production of ammonia and bicarbonate ion, waste products that an animal must eliminate. Often, animals excrete a nitrogenous waste product that is correlated with water availability: Freshwater fish, living where water is abundant, usually excrete ammonia while terrestrial animals excrete urea or uric acid. Recent studies report that fish inhabiting alkaline waters (pH 10) characterized by high bicarbonate concentrations do not excrete ammonia, instead synthesize urea, an energetically expensive process. The conversion to urea excretion by a normally ammonotelic animal is likely to be stimulated by a specific …

Frequency Of Attainment Of Plateau In Maximal Oxygen Consumption In Differentially Trained Athletes, Jeffrey Michael Seda

Masters Theses

A plateau in oxygen consumption during exercise testing has been considered a requisite indicator of achievement of true maximal oxygen consumption. The wide range of reported percentages of subjects revealing a plateau (7 to 80 percent) indicates that closer analysis of factors that may influence plateau attainment is necessary. This study examined the frequency of plateau attainment in two groups of differentially trained subjects. One group (TR) of 12 males (ages 18-36) were trained runners and the other group (WL) of 12 males (ages 18-31) consisted of trained weight lifters. The subjects participated in a series of maximal exercise tests …

Can Critical Power Predict And Monitor Swimming Performance?, Michelle L. Stoppenhagen-Noll

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if critical power (CP) can be used to predict and monitor swimming performance. Fifteen female collegiate swimmers from Eastern Illinois University volunteered as subjects for this study. CP was measured on an arm ergometer. Freestyle performances in the 50 and 100 yard distances were also measured. All three tests were measured both pre- and post-season. Results indicated that CP can predict performance in the 50 and 100 yard freestyle swims. Those with higher CP will swim faster. CP can monitor improvement in 50 yard times. CP is not a good indicator of …

An Electromyographic Study Of Forward Vs Retrograde Stair Climbing On The Stairmaster 4000 Pt Machine, W. Lynette Rasmussen Thornburgh

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate, through electromyography, whether forward or retrograde stair climbing on the StairMaster 4000 PT machine demonstrates a greater muscle contraction duration, differences in intensity of muscle contractions, or variation in initiation of muscle contractions. The muscles examined were the Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis, and Biceps Femoris. A gender difference was also evaluated.

Twenty-one subjects apparently healthy volunteered for this study. There were two groups of ten male subjects and eleven female subjects. Subjects were assigned to subgroups according to gender. The subgroups determined which position the subject was tested in first.

The descriptive …

A Comparison Between Physiological And Perceived Exertion During Maximal And Submaximal Treadmill Exercise At Three Menstrual Cycle Phases, Kathleen M. Mccune

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in physiological and subjective perceived exertion levels at maximal and submaximal treadmill exercise between three phases of the menstrual cycle in eumennorheic women.

Nine females of varying fitness levels were subjects in the study. None of the subjects were using oral contraception or hormone altering medications at the time of the study.

The subjects performed three separate maximal graded exercise tests (GXT) using the Balke protocol. During each GXT, oxygen uptake (VO₂), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory quotient (RQ), rate of perceived exertion, and total time …

The Effect Of Horseback Riding Activity On The Tibialis Anterior, Vastus Lateralis, And Rectus Abdominis Of A Paraplegic, Laurie A. Price

Masters Theses

Horses are now being used in various programs under various conditions. The use of horses for therapy and recreation for the physically and mentally disabled first began in Germany and Switzerland. The United States now has many schools and different riding programs as well.

Riding seems to be especially beneficial to those with neurological impairments. Treatment of paraplegia is very limited but recreational activities are advancing. The use of the horse is beneficial for paraplegics emotionally as well as physically. Measurements and evaluations of these benefits are lacking. This project analyzes and measures the physical benefits of horseback riding on …

The Accuracy Of A Post-Exercise Heart Rate Determined By Electronic Monitoring And Radial Artery Palpation Following Swimming Exercise, Jonathan Kevin Kessel

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate through electronic monitoring whether immediate post-exercise heart rates determined in an erect position are an accurate representation of heart rates achieved during swimming exercises performed in the prone position. In addition, a comparison was made to determine what differences, if any, existed between immediate post-exercise heart rates determined by radial palpation and immediate recovery heart rates determined by electronic monitoring.

Fourteen male and four female members of the Eastern Illinois University Swim Program volunteered to be subjects.

Each of the subjects swam eight lengths of the pool (200 yds.) at approximately 60-70 …

Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Electromyographic, And Rpe Responses To Isotonic Versus Isokinetic Exercise Performed On The Monark And Fitron Bicycle Ergometers, Patrice Annette Keil

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if any differences exist in relative efficiency of the subjects when riding a Monark bicycle ergometer as compared to a Fitron bicycle ergometer ridden at the same work rate. This efficiency was determined from levels of oxygen consumption, exercise heart rates, ratings of perceived exertion, blood pressure, and electromyographic recordings of four right leg muscles during exercise bouts on the two different bicycle ergometers.

Seventeen apparently healthy male subjects aged 42 to 78 years performed two tests, one on the Monark bicycle ergometer and one on the Fitron bicycle ergometer. Each test …

The Effect Of Caloric Restriction And Exercise On Plasma Lipid And Lipoprotein Concentration, Jeffrey J. Zachwieja

Masters Theses

The independent and combined effects of exercise training and caloric restriction on the plasma concentration of lipid and lipoprotein was studied. Thirty-two female volunteers were assigned to one of three treatment groups; exercise only, diet only or diet plus exercise. The exercise only group participated in a walk/jog program three days per week. For 30 to 45 minutes these individuals either walked or jogged at a intensity which elicited a heart rate that was 70% of the max heart rate reserve. The diet only group participated in a behavior modification weight loss program which restricted caloric intake to 1200 kcals …

Steady State Oxygen Cost Of Arm Ergometry Using The Monark Rehab Trainer, Gregory R. Grazen

Masters Theses

This study was designed to determine the steady state oxygen cost of arm crank ergometry with the Monark Rehab Trainer, a device used for exercise training in many cardiac rehabilitation programs. Fifteen male (25.2 yrs. ± 4.1) and fifteen female (23.8 yrs. ± 4.0) subjects were tested in the seated position with the mid-point of the crank wheel adjusted to shoulder height. No attempt was made to stabilize the shoulder girdle, as this is typically not done when training with this device. The test protocol for both groups consisted of progressive three minute work stages followed by a thirty second …

Menstrual Cycle Effects On Blood Pressure, Body Weight And Heart Rates During Rest, Exercise And Recovery On College Athletes, Dawn J. Shutter

Masters Theses

Ten members of the Eastern Illinois University women's track team were used as subjects to determine the relationship of body weight, blood pressure and heart rate during rest, exercise and recovery to menstruation.

The subjects were tested on two different occasions. The first test was administered within twenty-four hours of the onset of menstruation. The second test was conducted seven days later. During both testing periods blood pressure, body weight and resting heart rate measurements were taken before beginning the treadmill protocol (progressive grade and speed increases up to 4% and 8 mph, respectively). The subjects ran on a motor …

A Cardiovascular Exercise Program For A Paraplegic Amputee, Roger D. Wells

Masters Theses

The intent of the study was to establish a ten week cardiovascular exercise program for a paraplegic amputee and evaluate the effects through a selected battery of physiological tests and measurements. Included were body weight, skinfold thickness, reaction time, grip strength, static and dynamic lung volumes, heart rate, blood pressure, resting VO2 and maximum VO2. A careful training record was kept and the subject also made observations concerning his feelings about the training.

The subject, D.L.W. was a 37 year old male faculty member at Eastern Illinois University in Charleston, Illinois. He was given a complete physical examination and a …

The Effect Of Walk Or Jog Recovery From Anaerobic Work On Blood Lactate Levels And Subsequent Two-Minute Run Performance, Rick Alan Livesey

Masters Theses

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of a walk or jog recovery on two-minute run performances and the concentrations of blood lactate.

Eight highly trained male subjects were selected from the Eastern Illinois University Track Team. The test procedure consisted of two, maximal two-minute runs on the track for distance, separated by a 30-minute recovery. The recovery consisted of a walk at 20-minutes per mile pace or a jog at 7½ to 8 minutes per mile pace. Venous blood samples were drawn three minutes after the first run, two minutes prior to the second run, and …

The Relationship Between Oxygen Debt Size And Blood Ph Change During Recovery From Exercise On The Bicycle Ergometer And Treadmill, Timothy J. Falconer

Masters Theses

It was the purpose of this study to investigate the relationship of oxygen debt and blood pH change during the recovery from exercise.

For this study, ten male members of the Eastern Illinois University track team were chosen as subjects on the basis of their levels of physical condition.

The subjects were tested on three different occasions. The first test for all subjects was a fifteen minute resting oxygen consumption. Then depending upon random selection, the subjects ran on a treadmill and on another test day rode a bicycle ergometer, or vice versa. Preceding each exercise a pre-exercise micro-blood sample …

A Comparison Of The Effects Of Two Therapeutic Exercises On The Muscle Action Potential Of The Vastus Medialis, Janet J. Lozar

Masters Theses

Electromyography was utilized to compare the effects of two therapeutic exercises at two work loads in knee extension on the muscle action potential in the vastus medialis. One exercise was extension to 180 degrees with a four second isometric hold and flexion to 90 degrees. The other exercise was extension to 180 degrees, 15 degrees flexion, 15 degrees extension and flexion to 90 degrees. Each exercise lasted for 10 seconds.

The subjects in the study were 11 varsity female athletes from the fall and winter interscholastic athletic program at Eastern Illinois University. The subjects met for the first time to …

The Effect Of Ergosterol On The Desaturation Of 14c-Labeled Oleic Acid In Tetrahymena, Maynard E. Neville Jr.

Masters Theses

The ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis-Strain W desaturated ¹⁴C-labeled fatty acid substrate in both sterol supplemented (ergosterol) and nonsupplemented cultures. Cis-octadecenoic acid (¹⁴C-9-18:1), when added to the medium during the log phase of growth, was incorporated into the cells and also desaturated at the Δ⁶ and Δ¹² positions. The ¹⁴C labeled substrate and products, linoleate (9,12-18:2) or linolenate (6,9,12-18:3) were recovered and separated by silver-nitrate Unisil column chromatography. Initially, recovery of ¹⁴C compounds varied widely when expressed as the percent of total counts per minute recovered from column chromotography, and a variety of …

Lactate Removal From The Blood Of Trained Distance Runners Following Strenuous Intermittent Exercise, Benjamin F. Timson

Masters Theses

The purpose of the study was to investigate the rate of lactate removal from the blood of trained distance runners, during recovery from maximal intermittent exercise.

Five well trained male subjects (mean VO₂ max of 69.79 ml/kg/min) were selected for the study. Four of the subjects were members of the 1975 Intercollegiate Cross Country team and one was a member of the 1975 Intercollegiate Soccer team at Eastern Illinois University. Each subject received an orientation to the treadmill and a maximum oxygen consumption test prior to the actual test procedure. The test procedure consisted of three separate warm-down periods …

The Effects Of A Calisthenic Exercise Program On Fourth Grade Elementary School Children, Toby Bedford

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Norms For A Twelve Minute Run/Walk Test For The Jefferson Elementary School, Charleston, Illinois, Grades 3-6, Wilfredo Rios

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Histology Of The Pineal Gland In Odocoileus Virginianus, Terry Michael De Villiers

Masters Theses

A total of 26 pineal glands from the white-tailed deer were histologically examined. Five different stains were utilized to determine various cell types present in pineal tissue. Connective tissue septa divide the pineal gland into incompletely separated lobules which are supplied by a very extensive vascular system. The pinealocyte is the most numerous cell in the gland and is most easily recognized by a prominent nucleus approximately 6-8 microns in diameter. The pinealocyte cytoplasm contains many minute granules. A distinct difference was noted in the histology of the oldest age deer pineal (age 7 years) when globular granules were observed …

Effect Of Speed Of Muscle Contraction On Strength Improvement, Terry Alan Dieckhoff

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Walking And Jogging On Selected Cardio-Respiratory Parameters Of Middle-Age Men During The Initial Phase Of A Training Program, Monsuru Lasun Emiola

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Crowding On The Diurnal Ascorbic Acid Levels Of Albino Rats, Mary Jo Barr

Masters Theses

The adrenal physiology of the albino rat was studied through the measurement of adrenal ascorbic acid levels. A cyclic phenomenon was observed which follows the diel periodicity of the animal. Ascorbic acid values were found to be characteristically higher in males than in females. A similar difference was also seen in populations divided into young animals (body weight less than 175 grams) and old animals (body weight greater than 175 grams). Crowding, induced by manipulating the area of cage space per gram of body weight, was observed to be a definite stressor and caused the adrenal ascorbic acid levels to …

An Electromyographic Study Of The Effects Of Lateral Asymmetry On The Upper Leg Muscles Used In Normal Walking On A Treadmill, S. Marie Landmesser

Masters Theses

The purpose of the study was to determine through electromyography whether a non-pathological fault, such as lateral asymmetry at the pelvic level, would hinder, in significant manner, efficient functioning of the body.

A review of the literature revealed that although previous experiments had been conducted to determine the effects certain postural deviations had on the normal, efficient functioning of the body and that previous experiments had been conducted to determine which muscles performed which task as related to walking, none dealt with the specific effects of lateral deviations at the pelvic level on the upper leg muscles used in walking. …

A Study Of The Validity Of Two Indirect Predictors Of Maximal Oxygen Uptake, Robert V. Sedik

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Acute Stress On Adrenal Ascorbic Acid Levels, Robert Joseph Collier

Masters Theses

The diurnal rhythm of adrenal ascorbic acid (DAR) displays an inverse relationship to the diurnal rhythm of circulating levels of plasma corticosteroids. Alloxan monohydrate, 175 mg/kg body weight was given subcutaneously to albino rats to determine the effect of the diabetic state on the DAR. A total of 200 female albino rats were divided into two study groups. Study Group I was composed of 150 animals divided into populations of 15, each including 3 controls. Study Group II was composed of populations of 5, each group containing all controls or all alloxinated rats. The populations of 15 were sacrificed at …

Voluntary Control Of Gsr Using Continuous Visual Display And Simultaneous Changes In Other Autonomic Functions, Laurence E. Boyce

Masters Theses

Using 28 male undergraduate university students provided with continuous oscilloscope display of basal skin resistance, this study investigated voluntary control of the GSR and concurrent changes in respiration. It was found, given feedback, subjects could voluntarily raise or lower their GSR. Subjects instructed to increase their GSR (N-14) could do so within the first trial session. However, subjects instructed to decrease their GSR (N-14) required additional practice. With less than 20 minutes of practice all subjects were able to reach a criterion of 2,500 ohms change from their basal level. Subjects increasing their GSR were found to have a significant …

Variability Of Cardiorespiratory Responses To A Standardized Submaximal Treadmill Test On Successive Days, Kenneth Paul Klipp

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Reaction Times Of High And Low Level Fitness Groups Before, During And After Treadmill Exercise, Robert Bruce Bergstrom

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.