Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Medicine and Health Sciences (17)
- Neuroscience and Neurobiology (8)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (8)
- Genetics and Genomics (7)
- Diseases (5)
-
- Engineering (5)
- Physiology (5)
- Medical Specialties (4)
- Microbiology (4)
- Biology (3)
- Cell and Developmental Biology (3)
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (3)
- Medical Sciences (3)
- Cell Biology (2)
- Genomics (2)
- Medical Immunology (2)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (2)
- Plant Sciences (2)
- Psychology (2)
- Agricultural Science (1)
- Animal Sciences (1)
- Bacteriology (1)
- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering (1)
- Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Cancer Biology (1)
- Cardiology (1)
- Cognitive Psychology (1)
- Computational Biology (1)
- Keyword
-
- Signal transduction (4)
- Humans (3)
- Microbiology (3)
- Article (2)
- Attention (2)
-
- Biology and life sciences (2)
- Chip-seq (2)
- Computational biology (2)
- Molecular biology (2)
- Original research (2)
- Physiology (2)
- Proteins (2)
- Science (2)
- Spatial vision (2)
- Transcription factor (2)
- Ad (1)
- Ad brains (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Adha (1)
- Adolescent (1)
- Agricultural (1)
- Alcohol dehydrogenase (1)
- Alkaline (1)
- Alzheimers disease (1)
- Ampk (1)
- Animal cells (1)
- Animal science and zoology (1)
- Ant (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Aquatic science (1)
- Publication Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 41
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Note From The Editorial Board
Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science
No abstract provided.
Uncertain Influences: Genetics, Pathology, And Alzheimer’S Disease, Sumita M. Strander
Uncertain Influences: Genetics, Pathology, And Alzheimer’S Disease, Sumita M. Strander
Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects individuals above the age of 65 and is often associated with memory loss, one of its chief symptoms. Although it was first discovered by Alois Alzheimer in 1906, AD has only recently garnered attention proportionate to the impact it is expected to have as the world’s population ages at increasing rates. Despite the certainty of this its importance, there is much the medical and scientific communities do not know about the etiology of this disease. This paper will discuss a few of the reasons for this lack of knowledge …
The World Of Placebos, Zachary Z. Wang
The World Of Placebos, Zachary Z. Wang
Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science
The Placebo Effect is a fascinating but poorly understood mystery of medicine and human biology. Its workings continue to surprise scientists and patients everywhere. This is a brief introduction to the placebo effect from its early roots to current issues and new discoveries in the field.
Telesurgery: Surgery In The Digital Age, Dylan J. Cahill
Telesurgery: Surgery In The Digital Age, Dylan J. Cahill
Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science
The dawn of the digital age has transformed the way we now receive and provide healthcare. Today, providers have instant access to all of their patients’ information, just as patients can connect with their providers on their smartphones in minutes from nearly anywhere in the world.
Lyme Disease: An Influential Outdoor Hazard, Kevin Kang
Lyme Disease: An Influential Outdoor Hazard, Kevin Kang
Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science
Lyme disease is an important, common illness in New England. A relatively new illness, it was discovered about forty years ago in the town of Lyme, Connecticut. Now, it has become the most common vector-transmitted illness in the United States, with over 30,000 cases annually. Lyme disease arises when a bacterium is transmitted to a human via deer tick bite, so those of us involved in outdoor sports are most likely to contract the disease. Inhabitants of New England and the northeastern U.S. are most vulnerable to the disease, as 95% of Lyme Disease cases occur in only 14 out …
Towards Simulating The Human Brain, Logan T. Collins
Towards Simulating The Human Brain, Logan T. Collins
Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science
The human brain has been described as “the most complex object in the universe.” Its meshwork of 86 billion neurons,84 billion glial cells, and over 150 trillion synapses may seem intractable. Nonetheless, efforts to comprehensively map, understand, and even computationally reproduce this structure are underway. Large collectives of researchers have come together, working in concert towards these goals. The Human Brain Project (HBP) and its precursor, the Blue Brain Project, have spearheaded the brain simulation goal.Some other notable organizations include the China Brain Project, the BRAIN Initiative. On a scale which parallels the space program and the Human Genome Project, …
Feature-Based Learning Improves Adaptability Without Compromising Precision, Shiva Farashahi, Katherine Rowe, Zohra Aslami, Daeyeol Lee, Alireza Soltani
Feature-Based Learning Improves Adaptability Without Compromising Precision, Shiva Farashahi, Katherine Rowe, Zohra Aslami, Daeyeol Lee, Alireza Soltani
Dartmouth Scholarship
Learning from reward feedback is essential for survival but can become extremely challenging with myriad choice options. Here, we propose that learning reward values of individual features can provide a heuristic for estimating reward values of choice options in dynamic, multi-dimensional environments. We hypothesize that this feature-based learning occurs not just because it can reduce dimensionality, but more importantly because it can increase adaptability without compromising precision of learning. We experimentally test this hypothesis and find that in dynamic environments, human subjects adopt feature-based learning even when this approach does not reduce dimensionality. Even in static, low-dimensional environments, subjects initially …
Both Adhe And A Separate Nadph-Dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene, Adha, Are Necessary For High Ethanol Production In Thermoanaerobacterium Saccharolyticum, Tianyong Zheng, Daniel G. Olson, Sean J. Murphy, Xiongjun Shao, Liang Tian, Lee Lynd
Both Adhe And A Separate Nadph-Dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene, Adha, Are Necessary For High Ethanol Production In Thermoanaerobacterium Saccharolyticum, Tianyong Zheng, Daniel G. Olson, Sean J. Murphy, Xiongjun Shao, Liang Tian, Lee Lynd
Dartmouth Scholarship
Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum has been engineered to produce ethanol at ∼90% theoretical yield and titer of 70 g/L. Its ethanol-producing ability has drawn attention to its metabolic pathways, which could potentially be transferred to other organisms of interest. Here we report that the iron-containing AdhA is important for ethanol production in the high-ethanol strain of T. saccharolyticum (LL1049). A single-gene deletion of adhA in LL1049 reduced ethanol production by ∼50%, whereas multiple gene deletions of all annotated alcohol dehydrogenases except adhA and adhE did not affect ethanol production. Deletion of adhA in wild-type T. saccharolyticum reduced NADPH-linked ADH activity (acetaldehyde-reducing) by …
Intrinsic And Innate Defenses Of Neurons: Détente With The Herpesviruses, Lynn Enquist, David A. Leib
Intrinsic And Innate Defenses Of Neurons: Détente With The Herpesviruses, Lynn Enquist, David A. Leib
Dartmouth Scholarship
Neuroinvasive herpesviruses have evolved to efficiently infect and establish latency in neurons. The nervous system has limited capability to regenerate, so immune responses therein are carefully regulated to be nondestructive, with dependence on atypical intrinsic and innate defenses. In this article we review studies of some of these noncanonical defense pathways and how herpesvirus gene products counter them, highlighting the contributions that primary neuronal in vitro models have made to our understanding of this field.
Non-Aggregated Aβ25-35 Upregulates Primary Astrocyte Proliferation In Vitro, Elise C. Ohki, Thomas J. Langan, Kyla R. Rodgers, Richard C. Chou
Non-Aggregated Aβ25-35 Upregulates Primary Astrocyte Proliferation In Vitro, Elise C. Ohki, Thomas J. Langan, Kyla R. Rodgers, Richard C. Chou
Dartmouth Scholarship
Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a peptide cleaved from amyloid precursor protein that contributes to the formation of senile plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The relationship between Aβ and astrocyte proliferation in AD remains controversial. Despite pathological findings of increased astrocytic mitosis in AD brains, in vitro studies show an inhibitory effect of Aβ on astrocyte proliferation. In this study, we determined the effect of an active fragment of Aβ (Aβ25-35) on the cell cycle progression of primary rat astrocytes. We found that Aβ25-35 (0.3–1.0 μg/ml) enhanced astrocyte proliferation in vitro in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Increased …
The Neural Representation Of Personally Familiar And Unfamiliar Faces In The Distributed System For Face Perception, Matteo Visconti Di Oleggio Castello, Yaroslav O. Halchenko, J. Swaroop Guntupalli, Jason D. Gors, Ida M. Gobbini
The Neural Representation Of Personally Familiar And Unfamiliar Faces In The Distributed System For Face Perception, Matteo Visconti Di Oleggio Castello, Yaroslav O. Halchenko, J. Swaroop Guntupalli, Jason D. Gors, Ida M. Gobbini
Dartmouth Scholarship
Personally familiar faces are processed more robustly and efficiently than unfamiliar faces. The human face processing system comprises a core system that analyzes the visual appearance of faces and an extended system for the retrieval of person-knowledge and other nonvisual information. We applied multivariate pattern analysis to fMRI data to investigate aspects of familiarity that are shared by all familiar identities and information that distinguishes specific face identities from each other. Both identity-independent familiarity information and face identity could be decoded in an overlapping set of areas in the core and extended systems. Representational similarity analysis revealed a clear distinction …
Medial Prefrontal Cortical Thinning Mediates Shifts In Other-Regarding Preferences During Adolescence, Sunhae Sul, Berna Güroğlu, Eveline A. Crone, Luke J. Chang
Medial Prefrontal Cortical Thinning Mediates Shifts In Other-Regarding Preferences During Adolescence, Sunhae Sul, Berna Güroğlu, Eveline A. Crone, Luke J. Chang
Dartmouth Scholarship
Adolescence is a time of significant cortical changes in the ‘social brain’, a set of brain regions involved in sophisticated social inference. However, there is limited evidence linking the structural changes in social brain to development of social behavior. The present study investigated how cortical development of the social brain relates to other-regarding behavior, in the context of fairness concerns. Participants aged between 9 to 23 years old responded to multiple rounds of ultimatum game proposals. The degree to which each participant considers fairness of intention (i.e., intention-based reciprocity) vs. outcome (i.e., egalitarianism) was quantified using economic utility models. We …
Optimal Nutrition For Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review, Sarah E. Andrus Ms, Bruce W. Andrus Md Ms
Optimal Nutrition For Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review, Sarah E. Andrus Ms, Bruce W. Andrus Md Ms
Dartmouth Scholarship
Introduction
As fatigue in endurance events correlates with depletion of muscle glycogen, the traditional approach to nutritional support has been carbohydrate loading. However, there has been recent interest in improving athletic endurance performance by novel diets in the days to weeks prior to endurance events, the pre-event meal, and during exercise.
Methods
We searched PubMed and SCOPUS for randomized trials published from 1992-2017 with a primary endpoint of endurance performance. We identified 407 citations which were examined against our inclusion criteria of randomization or crossover allocation to diet and for which a primary outcome was endurance performance.
Results
Twenty full …
The E2f4 Prognostic Signature Predicts Pathological Response To Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy In Breast Cancer Patients, Kenneth M. K. Mark, Frederick S. Varn, Matthew H. Ung, Feng Qian, Chao Cheng
The E2f4 Prognostic Signature Predicts Pathological Response To Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy In Breast Cancer Patients, Kenneth M. K. Mark, Frederick S. Varn, Matthew H. Ung, Feng Qian, Chao Cheng
Dartmouth Scholarship
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a key component of breast cancer treatment regimens and pathologic complete response to this therapy varies among patients. This is presumably due to differences in the molecular mechanisms that underlie each tumor’s disease pathology. Developing genomic clinical assays that accurately categorize responders from non-responders can provide patients with the most effective therapy for their individual disease. We applied our previously developed E2F4 genomic signature to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer. E2F4 individual regulatory activity scores were calculated for 1129 patient samples across 5 independent breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy datasets. Accuracy of the E2F4 signature in …
Development Of A Core Clostridium Thermocellum Kinetic Metabolic Model Consistent With Multiple Genetic Perturbations, Satyakam Dash, Ali Khodayari, Jilai Zhou, Evert K. Holwerda, Daniel Olson, Lee Lynd, Costas Maranas
Development Of A Core Clostridium Thermocellum Kinetic Metabolic Model Consistent With Multiple Genetic Perturbations, Satyakam Dash, Ali Khodayari, Jilai Zhou, Evert K. Holwerda, Daniel Olson, Lee Lynd, Costas Maranas
Dartmouth Scholarship
Clostridium thermocellum is a Gram-positive anaerobe with the ability to hydrolyze and metabolize cellulose into biofuels such as ethanol, making it an attractive candidate for consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). At present, metabolic engineering in C. thermocellum is hindered due to the incomplete description of its metabolic repertoire and regulation within a predictive metabolic model. Genome-scale metabolic (GSM) models augmented with kinetic models of metabolism have been shown to be effective at recapitulating perturbed metabolic phenotypes.
In this effort, we first update a second-generation genome-scale metabolic model (iCth446) for C. thermocellum by correcting cofactor dependencies, restoring elemental and charge balances, …
Functional Characterization Of A Multi-Cancer Risk Locus On Chr5p15.33 Reveals Regulation Of Tert By Znf148, Jun Fang, Jinping Jia, Matthew Makowski, Mai Xu, Zhaoming Wang, Tongwu Zhang, Jason W. Hoskins, Jiyeon Choi, Younghun Han, Mingfeng Zhang, Janelle Thomas, Michael Kovacs, Irene Collins, Marta Dzyadyk, Abbey Thompson, Maura O'Neill, Sudipto Das, Qi Lan, Roelof Koster, Panscan Consortium, Tricl Consortium, Genomel Consortium, Rachael S. Stolzenberg-Solomon, Peter Kraft, Brian M. Wolpin, Pascal W.T.C Jansen, Sara Olson, Katherine A. Mcglynn, Peter A. Kanetsky, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Jennifer H. Barrett, Alison M. Dunning, John C. Taylor, Julia A. Newton-Bishop, D. Timothy Bishop, Thorkell Andresson, Gloria M. Peterson, Christopher I. Amos
Functional Characterization Of A Multi-Cancer Risk Locus On Chr5p15.33 Reveals Regulation Of Tert By Znf148, Jun Fang, Jinping Jia, Matthew Makowski, Mai Xu, Zhaoming Wang, Tongwu Zhang, Jason W. Hoskins, Jiyeon Choi, Younghun Han, Mingfeng Zhang, Janelle Thomas, Michael Kovacs, Irene Collins, Marta Dzyadyk, Abbey Thompson, Maura O'Neill, Sudipto Das, Qi Lan, Roelof Koster, Panscan Consortium, Tricl Consortium, Genomel Consortium, Rachael S. Stolzenberg-Solomon, Peter Kraft, Brian M. Wolpin, Pascal W.T.C Jansen, Sara Olson, Katherine A. Mcglynn, Peter A. Kanetsky, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Jennifer H. Barrett, Alison M. Dunning, John C. Taylor, Julia A. Newton-Bishop, D. Timothy Bishop, Thorkell Andresson, Gloria M. Peterson, Christopher I. Amos
Dartmouth Scholarship
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped multiple independent cancer susceptibility loci to chr5p15.33. Here, we show that fine-mapping of pancreatic and testicular cancer GWAS within one of these loci (Region 2 in CLPTM1L ) focuses the signal to nine highly correlated SNPs. Of these, rs36115365-C associated with increased pancreatic and testicular but decreased lung cancer and melanoma risk, and exhibited preferred protein-binding and enhanced regulatory activity. Transcriptional gene silencing of this regulatory element repressed TERT expression in an allele-specific manner. Proteomic analysis identifies allele-preferred binding of Zinc finger protein 148 (ZNF148) to rs36115365- C, further supported by binding of …
A Longitudinal Cline Characterizes The Genetic Structure Of Human Populations In The Tibetan Plateau, Choongwon Jeong, Benjamin M. Peter, Buddha Basnyat, Maniraj Neupane, Geoff Childs, Sienna Craig, John Novembre, Anna Di Rienzo
A Longitudinal Cline Characterizes The Genetic Structure Of Human Populations In The Tibetan Plateau, Choongwon Jeong, Benjamin M. Peter, Buddha Basnyat, Maniraj Neupane, Geoff Childs, Sienna Craig, John Novembre, Anna Di Rienzo
Dartmouth Scholarship
Indigenous populations of the Tibetan plateau have attracted much attention for their good performance at extreme high altitude. Most genetic studies of Tibetan adaptations have used genetic variation data at the genome scale, while genetic inferences about their de- mography and population structure are largely based on uniparental markers. To provide genome-wide information on population structure, we analyzed new and published data of 338 individuals from indigenous populations across the plateau in conjunction with world- wide genetic variation data. We found a clear signal of genetic stratification across the east- west axis within Tibetan samples. Samples from more eastern locations …
Mechanical Harvesting Effectively Controls Young Typha Spp. Invasion And Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data Enhances Post-Treatment Monitoring, Shane C. Lishawa, Brendan D. Carson, Jodi S. Brandt, Jason M. Tallant, Nicholas Reo, Dennis Albert, Andrew Monks, Joseph Lautenbach, Eric Clark
Mechanical Harvesting Effectively Controls Young Typha Spp. Invasion And Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data Enhances Post-Treatment Monitoring, Shane C. Lishawa, Brendan D. Carson, Jodi S. Brandt, Jason M. Tallant, Nicholas Reo, Dennis Albert, Andrew Monks, Joseph Lautenbach, Eric Clark
Dartmouth Scholarship
The ecological impacts of invasive plants increase dramatically with time since invasion. Targeting young populations for treatment is therefore an economically and ecologically effective management approach, especially when linked to post-treatment monitoring to evaluate the efficacy of management. However, collecting detailed field-based post-treatment data is prohibitively expensive, typically resulting in inadequate documentation of the ecological effects of invasive plant management.
Alternative approaches, such as remote detection with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), provide an opportunity to advance the science and practice of restoration ecology. In this study, we sought to determine the plant community response to different mechanical removal treatments to …
Salting Our Freshwater Lakes, Hilary A. Dugan, Sarah L. Bartlett, Samantha M. Burke, Jonathan P. Doubek, Flora Krivak-Tetley
Salting Our Freshwater Lakes, Hilary A. Dugan, Sarah L. Bartlett, Samantha M. Burke, Jonathan P. Doubek, Flora Krivak-Tetley
Dartmouth Scholarship
The highest densities of lakes on Earth are in north temperate ecosystems, where increasing urbanization and associated chloride runoff can salinize freshwaters and threaten lake water quality and the many ecosystem services lakes provide. However, the extent to which lake salinity may be changing at broad spatial scales remains unknown, leading us to first identify spatial patterns and then investigate the drivers of these patterns. Significant decadal trends in lake salinization were identified using a dataset of long-term chloride concentrations from 371 North American lakes. Landscape and climate metrics calculated for each site demonstrated that impervious land cover was a …
Dynamic Patterns Of Expression For Genes Regulating Cytokinin Metabolism And Signaling During Rice Inflorescence Development, Maria V. Yamburenko, Joseph J. Kieber, G. Eric Schaller
Dynamic Patterns Of Expression For Genes Regulating Cytokinin Metabolism And Signaling During Rice Inflorescence Development, Maria V. Yamburenko, Joseph J. Kieber, G. Eric Schaller
Dartmouth Scholarship
Inflorescence development in cereals, including such important crops as rice, maize, and wheat, directly affects grain number and size and is a key determinant of yield. Cytokinin regulates meristem size and activity and, as a result, has profound effects on inflorescence development and architecture. To clarify the role of cytokinin action in inflorescence development, we used the NanoString nCounter system to analyze gene expression in the early stages of rice panicle development, focusing on 67 genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis, degradation, and signaling. Results point toward key members of these gene families involved in panicle development and indicate that the …
Genetic Variants Of Ptpn2 Are Associated With Lung Cancer Risk: A Re-Analysis Of Eight Gwass In The Tricl-Ilcco Consortium, Yun Feng, Yanru Wang, Hongliang Liu, Zhensheng Liu, Coleman Mills, Younghun Han, Rayjean J. Hung, Yonathan Brhane, John Mcclaughlin, Paul Brennan
Genetic Variants Of Ptpn2 Are Associated With Lung Cancer Risk: A Re-Analysis Of Eight Gwass In The Tricl-Ilcco Consortium, Yun Feng, Yanru Wang, Hongliang Liu, Zhensheng Liu, Coleman Mills, Younghun Han, Rayjean J. Hung, Yonathan Brhane, John Mcclaughlin, Paul Brennan
Dartmouth Scholarship
The T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) pathway consists of signaling events mediated by TCPTP. Mutations and genetic variants of some genes in the TCPTP pathway are associated with lung cancer risk and survival. In the present study, we first investigated associations of 5,162 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 43 genes of this TCPTP pathway with lung cancer risk by using summary data of six published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 12,160 cases and 16,838 controls. We identified 11 independent SNPs in eight genes after correction for multiple comparisons by a false discovery rate < 0.20. Then, we performed in silico functional analyses for these 11 SNPs by eQTL analysis, two of which, PTPN2 SNPs rs2847297 and rs2847282, were chosen as tagSNPs. We further included two additional GWAS datasets of Harvard University (984 cases and 970 controls) and deCODE (1,319 cases and 26,380 controls), and the overall effects of these two SNPs among all eight GWAS studies remained significant (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92–0.98, and P = 0.004 for rs2847297; OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92–0.99, and P = 0.009 for rs2847282). In conclusion, the PTPN2 rs2847297 and rs2847282 may be potential susceptible loci for lung cancer risk.
Motion-Induced Position Shifts Activate Early Visual Cortex, Peter J. Kohler, Patrick Cavanagh, Peter U. Tse
Motion-Induced Position Shifts Activate Early Visual Cortex, Peter J. Kohler, Patrick Cavanagh, Peter U. Tse
Dartmouth Scholarship
The ability to correctly determine the position of objects in space is a fundamental task of the visual system. The perceived position of briefly presented static objects can be influenced by nearby moving contours, as demonstrated by various illusions collectively known as motion-induced position shifts. Here we use a stimulus that produces a particularly strong effect of motion on perceived position. We test whether several regions-of-interest (ROIs), at different stages of visual processing, encode the perceived rather than retinotopically veridical position. Specifically, we collect functional MRI data while participants experience motion-induced position shifts and use a multivariate pattern analysis approach …
Cxcr3+ Monocytes/Macrophages Are Required For Establishment Of Pulmonary Metastases, Kiah L. Butler, Eleanor Clancy-Thompson, David W. Mullins
Cxcr3+ Monocytes/Macrophages Are Required For Establishment Of Pulmonary Metastases, Kiah L. Butler, Eleanor Clancy-Thompson, David W. Mullins
Dartmouth Scholarship
We present a new foundational role for CXCR3 + monocytes/macrophages in the process of tumor engraftment in the lung. CXCR3 is associated with monocytic and lymphocytic infiltration of inflamed or tumor-bearing lung. Although the requirement for tumor-expressed CXCR3 in metastatic engraftment has been demonstrated, the role of monocyte-expressed CXCR3 had not been appreciated. In a murine model of metastatic-like melanoma, engraftment was coordinate with CXCR3 + monocyte/macrophage accumulation in the lungs and was sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of CXCR3 signaling. Tumor engraftment to lung was impaired in CXCR3 − / − mice, and transient reconstitution with circulating CXCR3-replete monocytes was …
Cross-Modal Attention Influences Auditory Contrast Sensitivity: Decreasing Visual Load Improves Auditory Thresholds For Amplitude- And Frequency-Modulated Sounds, Vivian M. Ciaramitaro, Hiu Mei Chow, Luke G. Eglington
Cross-Modal Attention Influences Auditory Contrast Sensitivity: Decreasing Visual Load Improves Auditory Thresholds For Amplitude- And Frequency-Modulated Sounds, Vivian M. Ciaramitaro, Hiu Mei Chow, Luke G. Eglington
Dartmouth Scholarship
We used a cross-modal dual task to examine how changing visual-task demands influenced auditory processing, namely auditory thresholds for amplitude- and frequency-modulated sounds. Observers had to attend to two consecutive intervals of sounds and report which interval contained the auditory stimulus that was modulated in amplitude (Experiment 1) or frequency (Experiment 2). During auditory-stimulus presentation, observers simultaneously attended to a rapid sequential visual presentation—two consecutive intervals of streams of visual letters—and had to report which interval contained a particular color (low load, demanding less attentional resources) or, in separate blocks of trials, which interval contained more of a target letter …
Hearing On The Fly: The Effects Of Wing Position On Noctuid Moth Hearing, Shira D. Gordon, Elizabeth Klenschi, James F. C. Windmill
Hearing On The Fly: The Effects Of Wing Position On Noctuid Moth Hearing, Shira D. Gordon, Elizabeth Klenschi, James F. C. Windmill
Dartmouth Scholarship
The ear of the noctuid moth has only two auditory neurons, A1 and A2, which function in detecting predatory bats. However, the noctuid's ears are located on the thorax behind the wings. Therefore, as these moths need to hear during flight, it was hypothesized that wing position may affect their hearing. The wing was fixed in three different positions: up, flat and down. An additional subset of animals was measured with freely moving wings. In order to negate any possible acoustic shadowing or diffractive effects, all wings were snipped, leaving the proximal-most portion and the wing hinge intact. Results revealed …
A Novel Multi-Network Approach Reveals Tissue-Specific Cellular Modulators Of Fibrosis In Systemic Sclerosis, Jaclyn N. Taroni, Casey S. Greene, Viktor Martyanov, Tammara A. Wood
A Novel Multi-Network Approach Reveals Tissue-Specific Cellular Modulators Of Fibrosis In Systemic Sclerosis, Jaclyn N. Taroni, Casey S. Greene, Viktor Martyanov, Tammara A. Wood
Dartmouth Scholarship
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multi-organ autoimmune disease characterized by skin fibrosis. Internal organ involvement is heterogeneous. It is unknown whether disease mechanisms are common across all involved affected tissues or if each manifestation has a distinct underlying pathology.We used consensus clustering to compare gene expression profiles of biopsies from four SSc-affected tissues (skin, lung, esophagus, and peripheral blood) from patients with SSc, and the related conditions pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and pulmonary arterial hypertension, and derived a consensus disease-associate signature across all tissues. We used this signature to query tissue-specific functional genomic networks. We performed novel network analyses to contrast …
Boosting Of Hiv Envelope Cd4 Binding Site Antibodies With Long Variable Heavy Third Complementarity Determining Region In The Randomized Double Blind Rv305 Hiv-1 Vaccine Trial, David Easterhoff, M. Anthony Moody, Daniela Fera, Hao Cheng, Margaret Ackerman
Boosting Of Hiv Envelope Cd4 Binding Site Antibodies With Long Variable Heavy Third Complementarity Determining Region In The Randomized Double Blind Rv305 Hiv-1 Vaccine Trial, David Easterhoff, M. Anthony Moody, Daniela Fera, Hao Cheng, Margaret Ackerman
Dartmouth Scholarship
The canary pox vector and gp120 vaccine (ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E gp120) in the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial conferred an estimated 31% vaccine efficacy. Although the vaccine Env AE.A244 gp120 is antigenic for the unmutated common ancestor of V1V2 broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAbs), no plasma bnAb activity was induced. The RV305 (NCT01435135) HIV-1 clinical trial was a placebo-controlled randomized double-blinded study that assessed the safety and efficacy of vaccine boosting on B cell repertoires. HIV-1- uninfected RV144 vaccine recipients were reimmunized 6–8 years later with AIDSVAX B/E gp120 alone, ALVAC-HIV alone, or a combination of ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E gp120 …
Phosphatases Generate Signal Specificity Downstream Of Ssp1 Kinase In Fission Yeast, Lin Deng, Mid Eum Lee, Katherine L. Schutt, James B. Moseley
Phosphatases Generate Signal Specificity Downstream Of Ssp1 Kinase In Fission Yeast, Lin Deng, Mid Eum Lee, Katherine L. Schutt, James B. Moseley
Dartmouth Scholarship
AMPK-related protein kinases (ARKs) coordinate cell growth, proliferation, and migration with environmental status. It is unclear how specific ARKs are activated at specific times. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the CaMKK-like protein kinase Ssp1 promotes cell cycle progression by activating the ARK Cdr2 according to cell growth signals. Here, we demonstrate that Ssp1 activates a second ARK, Ssp2/AMPKα, for cell proliferation in low environmental glucose. Ssp1 activates these two related targets by the same biochemical mechanism: direct phosphorylation of a conserved residue in the activation loop (Cdr2-T166 and Ssp2-T189). Despite a shared upstream kinase and similar phosphorylation sites, Cdr2 …
Effectiveness Of A Novel Qigong Meditative Movement Practice For Impaired Health In Flight Attendants Exposed To Second-Hand Cigarette Smoke, Peter Payne, Steven Fiering, James C. Leiter, David T. Zava, Mardi A. Crane-Godreau
Effectiveness Of A Novel Qigong Meditative Movement Practice For Impaired Health In Flight Attendants Exposed To Second-Hand Cigarette Smoke, Peter Payne, Steven Fiering, James C. Leiter, David T. Zava, Mardi A. Crane-Godreau
Dartmouth Scholarship
This single-arm non-randomized pilot study explores an in ervention to improve the health of flight attendants (FA) exposed to second-hand cigarette smoke prior to the smoking ban on commercial airlines. This group exhibits an unusual pattern of long-term pulmonary dysfunction. We report on Phase I of a two-phase clinical trial; the second Phase will be a randomized controlled trial testing digital delivery of the intervention. Subjects were recruited in the Northeastern US; testing and intervention were administered in 4 major cities. The intervention involved 12h of training in Meditative Movement practices. Based on recent research on the effects of nicotine …
Road Ecology: Shifting Gears Toward Evolutionary Perspectives, Steven P. Brady, Jonathan L. Richardson
Road Ecology: Shifting Gears Toward Evolutionary Perspectives, Steven P. Brady, Jonathan L. Richardson
Dartmouth Scholarship
Recent advances in understanding the often rapid pace of evolution are reshaping our view of organisms and their capacity to cope with environmental change. Though evolutionary perspectives have gained traction in many fields of conservation, road ecology is not among them. This is surprising because roads are pervasive landscape features that generate intense natural selection. The biological outcomes from these selection pressures – whether adaptive or maladaptive – can have profound consequences for population persistence. We argue that studying evolutionary responses is critical to accurately understand the impacts of roads. Toward that end, we describe the basic tenets and relevance …