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Chapman University

Theses/Dissertations

2020

Articles 1 - 10 of 10

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Impact Of Gamma Irradiation On Post-Harvest Disorders In 'Bartlett' Pears, Michelle Tu Aug 2020

Impact Of Gamma Irradiation On Post-Harvest Disorders In 'Bartlett' Pears, Michelle Tu

Food Science (MS) Theses

The goal of this research was to determine the effect of irradiation on post-harvest disorders and ripening quality of ‘Bartlett’ pears stored for 3 months in air. ‘Bartlett’ pears were treated at 470 and 940 Gy and held at -1 - 0 ˚C at 95 % humidity. At 0, 45, and 90 days following treatment, the pears were brought to room temperature and allowed to ripen. The pears were then monitored for changes in respiration rate and ethylene production. After reaching the climacteric peak, pears were evaluated for incidence of post-harvest disorders, ACS and ACO enzyme activities, and quality factors …

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Elucidating The Relation Between Human Milk Fatty Acids, Extracellular Vesicles, And Infant Developmental Outcomes In The First Year Of Life, Diana Bickmore Aug 2020

Elucidating The Relation Between Human Milk Fatty Acids, Extracellular Vesicles, And Infant Developmental Outcomes In The First Year Of Life, Diana Bickmore

Food Science (MS) Theses

For most infants, human milk is the recommended source of nutrition. Improved developmental outcomes have been reported in infants that consume human milk compared to infant formula. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) confer health benefits. However, EFAs cannot be synthesized by the body, and therefore must be consumed in diet. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles containing a lipid bilayer membrane and are present in human milk. Methods of EV isolation such as ultracentrifugation (UC) may not be feasible for the study of EVs in human milk due to the need for large sample volume, which may not be available. The objectives …

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Labeling Compliance, Species Authentication And Net Weight Identification Of Frozen Fish Fillets Sold In Grocery Stores In Southern California, April Peterson May 2020

Labeling Compliance, Species Authentication And Net Weight Identification Of Frozen Fish Fillets Sold In Grocery Stores In Southern California, April Peterson

Food Science (MS) Theses

Proper labeling of seafood is important to prevent economic deception, promote consumer awareness, and prevent exposure of at-risk groups to certain allergens and toxins. The objective of this study was to investigate prepackaged frozen fish sold in Southern California for Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) compliance, species authentication, use of acceptable market names, net weights, and percent glaze. A total of 111 frozen fish fillets from 13 different fish categories were purchased from grocery stores in Southern California. The fish categories targeted for this study were: catfish, cod, flounder, halibut, mahi-mahi orange rough, pollock, salmon, swai, swordfish, tilapia, tuna, and …

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Effect Of Dried Mushroom Powder On Thiol Content In Lyophilized And Native Bovine Myofibrillar Protein, Allany Chayasing May 2020

Effect Of Dried Mushroom Powder On Thiol Content In Lyophilized And Native Bovine Myofibrillar Protein, Allany Chayasing

Food Science (MS) Theses

Thiol oxidation can form disulfide bonds that modify protein conformations, resulting in lower free thiol content. The effect of dried (lyophilized and oven-dried) mushroom powder (Agaricus bisporus or Pleurotus ostreatus) added to bovine lyophilized and native myofibrillar proteins (MP) on thiol oxidation was investigated. Mixtures of 10mg/mL MP with 0.1% and 0.2% mushroom powder in 0.3M NaCl were stored at 2ºC and 80 ºC for 10 days. Oven-dried A. bisporus had higher Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity at 8.05±0.71 gallic acid equivalent (GAE) mg/g compared to 4.97±0.20 GAE mg/g oven-dried P. ostreatus. Lyophilized P. ostreatus contained 164% more ergothioneine than …

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Authentication Of Species In Bison Products Using Molecular Methods, Zerika Scales May 2020

Authentication Of Species In Bison Products Using Molecular Methods, Zerika Scales

Food Science (MS) Theses

American bison (Bison bison) meat is vulnerable to species substitution due to its high value and similar appearance to less expensive meats, such as beef from domestic cattle (Bos taurus). DNA barcoding of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene is a commonly used method to test for meat species mislabeling. However, due to historical hybridization between the American bison and domestic cattle, additional testing is required to confirm species. The objective of this study was to perform a market survey of products sold as bison meat and verify the species of each product using …

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Effect Of Low Dose Irradiation On Expression Of Genes Involved In Ethylene Biosynthesis Of 'Granny Smith' Apples, Brian Nyakundi May 2020

Effect Of Low Dose Irradiation On Expression Of Genes Involved In Ethylene Biosynthesis Of 'Granny Smith' Apples, Brian Nyakundi

Food Science (MS) Theses

Superficial scald is a physiological disorder characterized by skin browning that appears during or after storage of ‘Granny Smith’ apples. The mechanism for scald development is not fully understood, but it is hypothesized that scald formation is related to increased ethylene production. In apples, low dose irradiation induced ethylene reduction appears to be directly related to prevention of superficial scald. However, the molecular basis of such an irradiation induced effect is not known. In this study, effort was made to better understand the molecular basis of the decrease in ethylene production in apple fruit after treatment with x-ray irradiation. ‘Granny …

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Computational Molecular Docking Models And Design Of Diarylpentanoids For The Androgen Receptor, Jarett Guillow May 2020

Computational Molecular Docking Models And Design Of Diarylpentanoids For The Androgen Receptor, Jarett Guillow

Computational and Data Sciences (MS) Theses

The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the nuclear receptor protein family that, upon binding to its natural ligand dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the cytoplasm, translocates to the nucleus and exerts nuclear transcription factor activity to drive gene expression related to normal prostate development. AR signaling becomes overactive during the development and progression of prostate cancer through different mechanisms, including over-expression and mutation of the AR. Therefore, the AR is a prominent molecular target in the clinical management of prostate cancer. However, all therapeutic modalities targeting the AR, including androgen ablation therapy and AR block suffer from transient efficacy and …

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Cluster Determinant 44 (Cd44) Receptor And Gout: Mechanistic Role In Pathogenesis And Therapeutic Targets, Emira Bousoik May 2020

Cluster Determinant 44 (Cd44) Receptor And Gout: Mechanistic Role In Pathogenesis And Therapeutic Targets, Emira Bousoik

Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD) Dissertations

Gout is considered one of the most common forms of arthritis. It is characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness, and swelling in the joints. Management of acute gout attacks remains suboptimal, and hospitalizations due to poorly controlled flares have significantly increased over the past two decades. Colchicine is considered one of the first-line treatments for the relief of the symptoms associated with gout attacks. However, the use of colchicine for gout therapy has limitations due to the severe adverse effects, including fatalities. Acute gout is caused by deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in peripheral joints and surrounding …

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Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Stipe Peptides As In-Vitro Radical Scavenging, Ferrous Iron Chelating, & Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Compounds, Suraj Meharwade Jan 2020

Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Stipe Peptides As In-Vitro Radical Scavenging, Ferrous Iron Chelating, & Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Compounds, Suraj Meharwade

Food Science (MS) Theses

Ferrous iron chelating, ABTS radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant activity of mushroom stipe peptides obtained using Protamex® and V8 protease has not been investigated. Additionally, the effects of peptides on protein carbonyl formation during myofibrillar oxidation is unknown. Oxidation of lysine, arginine, and proline in myofibrillar protein from red meat results in reduced meat quality owing to changes in water composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the antioxidant performance of <1 kDa and 1-3 kDa mushroom peptides obtained by Protamex®-V8 hydrolysis against mushroom hydrolysate, mushroom protein, and mushroom stipe for radical scavenging, ferrous chelating, and ferric reducing activity, as well as their effects on protein carbonyl formation within a protein oxidation system. <1 kDa peptides exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) in-vitro ferrous iron chelating activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity as compared to mushroom stipe and 1-3 kDa peptides. Whereas, 1-3 kDa peptides demonstrated significantly …

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Formation Of Maillard Reaction Products And Chlorogenic Acid-Quinone Induced Green Pigments In Gluten-Free Pretzels Made Using Sunflower Flour, Rashi Bhatnagar Jan 2020

Formation Of Maillard Reaction Products And Chlorogenic Acid-Quinone Induced Green Pigments In Gluten-Free Pretzels Made Using Sunflower Flour, Rashi Bhatnagar

Food Science (MS) Theses

The two color-developing reactions that occur when soft pretzels are baked using sunflower flour (SFF) in aqueous alkali environment are chlorogenic acid (CGA)-quinone induced greening and Maillard browning. This study aimed to determine how CGA content in two different SFFs containing 45% and 55% protein (Heliaflor® 45 and 55, respectively) affected the formation of green trihydroxybenzacridine (TBA) and Maillard reaction products (MRPs) in soft baked pretzels. Pretzels were baked with five doughs prepared using a pre-blended gluten-free flour, consisting of sweet white rice flour, whole grain brown rice flour, potato starch, whole grain sweet white sorghum flour, tapioca flour, …

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