Life Sciences Commons^™

The Effect Of Heavy Handrail Support On Blood Pressure Response In Normotensive Adults During Treadmill Walking, Kevin Brian Reid

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Physiological and hemodynamic responses to handrail support during treadmill walking have shown a blunted response when compared to non-handrail support. The effects of treadmill walking, with the inclusion of “heavy” upper limb and torso activation through handrail support is yet unreported. The effect of “heavy” support through side handrail support (SHRS) and front console support (C) versus no handrail support (NHRS) treadmill walking was studied utilizing both slow/low (2.5 mph & 3% elevation) and high/fast (3.5 mph & 11% elevation) energy expenditure levels. Seventeen healthy adults (43.89 +/- 6.07 years) completed trials at both energy expenditure levels incorporating all three …

The Effects Of Different Doses Of Caffeine On A 40 Kilometer Cycling Time Trial: A Dose-Response Study, Michael Martin

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the ergogenic response to different caffeine doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg consumed by trained cyclists 1 hour prior to a 40 kilometer cycling time trial. It was hypothesized that there would not be a difference in time trial performance following caffeine supplementation of a 3 mg/kg dose as compared to a 6 mg/kg dose. Sixteen male subjects, age 18-40, were initially assessed via a VO2max test on an indoor cycle trainer. Subjects then reported to the lab on 4 separate occasions following a 10 hour fast and a 24 …

Comparison Of Single-Use And Multiple-Use Electrodes For Sensory, Motor Threshold Amplitudes And Force Production, Lucia Maloy

Theses and Dissertations

Context: Electrodes play an important role in interfacing tissue with electrical stimulation devices. Manufacturers recommend that adhesive metallic mesh cloth electrodes be used no more than 10 times before they are discarded, however, clinically the electrodes are often used up to 30 times. Another concern is sanitation. When electrodes are used on different patients, there is a chance for cross-contamination and bacterial growth on the electrode. Objective: To compare amplitudes of perceived sensation, motor twitch and force produced at specific amplitudes using single-use electrodes that run no risk of cross-contamination, and multiple-use electrodes. Design: Mixed model ANOVA with the subject …

Influence Of Cardiac Output On Oxygen Uptake Kinetics, Crystelle Kiyoko Grant

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate increased cardiac output (Q) on oxygen kinetics at exercise intensities above and below the lactate threshold (LT). We hypothesized the increase in Q using head-out water immersion (HOI) while treadmill running would reduce the rate constant of the fast component and reduce the amplitude of the slow component of oxygen kinetics compared with land treadmill running. Subjects (n=10) performed two 6 min exercise bouts at a 15% below and above the LT on a land and underwater treadmill following rest. A single exponential equation [VO2(t) = VO2(b) + A1•(1-e-t/TC1] was used to …

We're Here Now: An Exploratory Study Of The Relationships Between Tourism And Post-Migration Community Participation And Sense Of Community, Jason Draper

All Dissertations

ABSTRACT
Research has suggested that visiting a community can result in an inclination (Cuba, 1989) or likelihood of moving there (McHugh, 1990). One reason that may contribute to the decision to move is tourism experiences provide an opportunity for visitors to compare the destination to their current community and determine if voids that exist would be filled should they relocate (Haug, Dann, & Mehmetoglu, 2007). However, should tourists decide to relocate, research is needed that examines how tourists transition to being a resident (Oigenblick & Kirschenbaum, 2002) and policy implications of residential growth. The purpose of this exploratory study was …

Assessment Of Lactate Response After The Completion Of Three Different Volume Patterns Of Power Clean, Anand Date

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

The ability of continuous lactate clearance and the inflection points of the lactate curve are two important determinants of performance of competitive field athletes. Current training practices for improving lactate tolerance such as high intensity aerobic activities and the combination of aerobic and resistance training seem to have undesired physiological adaptations (e.g. muscle loss, change in fiber types). The Role of Explosive power movements in lactate accumulation has not been studied properly. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess lactate response after the completion of three different volume patterns of the power clean movement. Ten male recreational athletes …

Physical Activity Among Youth In A Weekend Respite Camp Program, Kathleen Felton

All Theses

The engagement in physical activity among 24 youths with disabilities was studied. Researchers examined the effects of age and gender of the youth, the parent's knowledge of physical activity recommendations, and parent's physical activity practices on physical activity engagement. Levels of physical activity participation through leisure time, work or chores, and sports were assessed. Analysis was performed to determine relationships between each of the variables and the youths' level of physical activity respectively. Results of chi-square analysis indicated that parental influence using current physical activity recommendations was correlated with the youth's level of physical activity participation through leisure. Results suggested …

Happiness As A Function Of Exercise Training Impulse, Training Frequency And Age In Adults, Jeffrey C. John

Culminating Projects in Kinesiology

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between happiness and three independent variables: training impulse (TRIMP), age and frequency of exercise. Measurement of each subject's happiness level was ascertained by the General Social Survey (GSS). This GSS happiness questionnaire is scored using a 1-10 rating scale. In this study TRIMP was defined as the product of the duration of training performed in one session and the perceived exertion during that exercise session. The respondents' exercise sessions ranged from no exercise to regularly scheduled exercise sessions ranging from 10-60+ minutes. Most respondents engaging in regular exercise sessions participated …

A Family Home Evening Based Method For Improving Physical Activity Levels In Families, Megan Maughan Wyatt

Theses and Dissertations

The prevalence of physical inactivity has been recognized as a risk factor for multiple chronic disease conditions in both adults and children. Recently efforts to increase healthy behaviors have been promoted through religious groups (Ken Resnicow et al., 2002). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) has a unique program called Family Home Evening (FHE) that could be used to teach and potentially improve physical activity. Six FHE lessons were designed to be taught in 6 consecutive weeks within a family environment. A total of 84 families (parents and children) were recruited for participation. Participating families were randomized …

A Practical Comparison Between Traditional Periodization And Daily-Undulated Weight Training Among Collegiate Track And Field Athletes., Keith Ballard Painter

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recently, comparisons of "periodized" strength training methods have become a focus of sport science. Daily undulating periodization (DUP), using daily alterations in repetitions, has been developed and touted as a superior method of training. The purpose of this study is to compare traditional periodization (TRA) to DUP in Division I track and field athletes. Thirty-one athletes were assigned to either a TRA or the DUP group training programs based on sex, year, and event. Training lasted 10 weeks. There were 4 testing sessions focusing on strength characteristics. Although, trends favored the TRA group for strength and rate of force development, …

Effects Of Stroke Patterns On Shoulder Joint Kinematics And Electromyography In Wheelchair Propulsion, Li-Shan Chang

Kinesiology Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation was to analyze shoulder joint kinematics and electromyographic activities of wheelchair propulsion between two stroke patterns. Twenty physical therapy students (14 females and 6 males, age 27.4 ± 5.9 years, body mass 64.41 ± 9.37 Kg and body height 169.32 ± 9.12 cm) participated. Eleven reflective markers were placed on thorax and right scapula, humerus, third metacarpophalangeal joint and wheelchair axle. Surface electrodes were placed on right pectoralis major, anterior and posterior deltoids, infraspinatus, middle trapezius, biceps brachialis long head and triceps brachialis. Participants propelled a standard wheelchair on a stationary roller system at 0.9 …

Junctophilin Damage Contributes To Early Force Deficits And Excitation-Contraction Coupling Failure After Performing Eccentric Contractions, Benjamin T. Corona

Kinesiology Dissertations

Junctophilins (JP1 & JP2) are expressed in skeletal muscle and are the primary proteins involved in transverse (T)-tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane apposition. During the performance of eccentric contractions, the apposition of T-tubule and SR membranes may be disrupted, resulting in excitation-contraction (EC) coupling failure and thus reduced force-producing capacity. In this study, we made three primary observations: 1) Through the first three days after the performance of 50 eccentric contractions in vivo by the left hindlimb anterior crural muscles of female mice, both JP1 and JP2 were significantly reduced by ~50 and 35%, respectively, while no reductions were …

The Benefits Of Yoga Therapy For Heart Failure Patients, Paula Rei Pullen

Kinesiology Dissertations

ABSTRACT The Benefits of Yoga Therapy for Heart Failure Patients by Paula R. Pullen STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The number of patients living with heart failure (HF) is on the rise. Yoga has been found to improve physical and psychological parameters amongst healthy individuals. The effects of yoga on HF patients are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of yoga on cardio-vascular endurance [functional capacity (FC)], flexibility, inflammatory markers, and quality of life (QoL) on medically stable HF patients. METHOD Forty HF patients with compensated systolic or diastolic HF participated in the study. A randomized …

Assessing Body Composition Of Children And Adolescents Using Dexa, Skinfolds, And Electrical Impedance, Angela Mooney

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of four methods of estimating body composition in 331 participants (177 boys, 154 girls) between 12-17 years of age. Percent body fat (%BF) was assessed once on one day using DEXA and twice using the sum of two skinfold (SF) and three bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices: OMRON hand-to-hand BIA, TANITA 521 foot-to-foot BIA, and TANITA 300A foot-to-foot BIA. The same assessments were repeated on 79 of the participants on a second day. DEXA was used as the criterion method of estimating %BF. The agreement between the estimates …

Predicting Vo2max In College-Aged Participants Using Cycle Ergometry And Nonexercise Measures, David E. Nielson

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to develop a multiple linear regression model to predict treadmill VO2max scores using both exercise and nonexercise data. One hundred five college-aged participants (53 male, 52 female, mean age 23.5 ± 2.8 yrs) successfully completed a submaximal cycle ergometer test and a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) on a motorized treadmill. The submaximal cycle protocol required participants to achieve a steady-state heart rate (HR) equal to at least 70% of age-predicted maximum HR (220-age), while the maximal treadmill GXT required participants to exercise to volitional fatigue. Relevant submaximal cycle ergometer test data included a …

Variations In Running Form Among Female Sprinters, Middle, And Distance Runners, Ruthann Cunningham

Theses and Dissertations

In the sport of track and field, runners excel at their events due not only to physiological characteristics but aspects in their form. Characteristics in form help runners achieve the goal in completing their event in the least amount of time possible. For sprinters, this is done by having a shorter swing phase and ground time along with greater power and a longer stride length. Distance runners accomplish the goal of quicker speeds by balancing it with running economy by spending greater time on the ground with shorter stride lengths compared to those in shorter distance running events. Middle distance …

The Effects Of Abdominal Training On Postural Control, Lower Extremity Kinematics, Kinetics, And Muscle Activation, Matthew J. Gage

Theses and Dissertations

Context: Abdominal training may decrease the risk of lower extremity injuries through improved balance and postural control. Objective: To determine the effect of an eight-week abdominal-training program on center of pressure, lower extremity joint angles, and abdominal muscle activation during a single-leg drop landing. The effects of abdominal training on abdominal muscle thickness was assessed. Design: A cohort research design. Setting: Research laboratory. Other Participants: Sixty healthy physically active college-aged students participated. They were divided into three groups: Control, Chronic ankle instability (CAI), and Healthy. Nineteen Control (age = 22.0 ± 2.72 yrs, mass = 74.1 ± 13.8 kg, height …

The Effects Of Whole Body Vibration Platform Training On Hamstring Flexibility, Travis A. Epperson

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Very few studies have looked at the effect of vibration on flexibility, and no studies exist that have looked at stretching concurrently with whole body vibration (WBV) training. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if whole-body-vibration training (WBV) done concurrently with static stretch (SV) is more effective than static stretching alone (SS), and to see if WBV training independently (SQ) improves hamstring flexibility without stretching. A secondary purpose of this study is to determine if retention of flexibility gains are maintained. Methods: Forty-four subjects (31 men, 13 women) completed this study (age 22.5 ± 1.8 years; …

Changes In Bone Mineral Density In Middle-Age Women According To Physical Activity Volume, Intensity, And Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Six-Year Prospective Study, Neil R. Nokes

Theses and Dissertations

This study was conducted to determine if physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) at baseline influence the likelihood of gaining bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and lumbar spine over 6 years. Another aim was to ascertain the effect of several potential confounding factors. In a prospective study of 244 women (baseline age range 35-45 years), physical activity volume (PAv) and intensity (PAi) were measured using accelerometers at baseline. CRF indexed by VO2max was estimated using a graded, maximal treadmill test at baseline. BMD was measured using DEXA. Risk ratios were used to show the likelihood of BMD gains …

Sport As A Vehicle For Socialization And Maintenance Of Cultural Identity: International Students Attending American Universities, James Taylor Allen

Dissertations

Sport can be utilized by immigrants as a vehicle for maintaining cultural identity. Conversely, sport participation provides immigrants with opportunities for adopting an entirely new culture. Previous research also suggests that sport provides individuals with opportunities for attaining social capital. While this can be a beneficial situation for some, sport is also promoting elitism and serving as a powerful mechanism for exclusion. Globalization has led large numbers of foreign nationals to seek educational opportunities in the United States. Due to the increase in the number of international students and the lack of empirical studies, the need to study their participation …

Injuries In Competitive Swimming: Incidence And Risk Factors, Kristin I. Chase

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To study the nature and incidence rate of injuries that affect collegiate competitive swimmers and to examine the relationship between these injuries and specific risk factors. Background: Minimal research has been conducted on swimming-related injuries, with most studies being retrospective in nature. Only one study reported a calculated injury rate for athletic exposures. Past research reports that the shoulder is the most commonly injured location and that overuse injuries (e.g. tendonitis) is the most common injury type. Methods: IRB approval obtained through the University of North Dakota. Swimmers from UND swim team were asked to participate. Once consent was …

Built Environment: Does Geographical Proximity Play A Role In Exercise Frequency And Adherence?, Nancy Anzaldua

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Built environment has been identified as a factor affecting exercise adherence. The author conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study to examine the relationship of distance traveled and its relationship to frequency of exercise and level of adherence. Surveys with demographic and contextual information were collected from 260 participants. Demographic data was mapped using Geographic Information Systems software and data analyses were performed on geographical trends, participants' use facilities and participants' proximity to their respective place of exercise. Trends among participants across the various bands were determined. The author found strong support to show geographical proximity as an important factor in frequency …

Effect Of Stratum Corneum Hydration On The Composition Of Sweat Collected By A Local Sweat Patch Method, Penny Renee Taylor

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stratum corneum (SC) hydration by distilled water on SC ion content and sweat ion concentrations as measured by occlusive sweat patch. 10 men and 10 women completed approximately 40 minutes of moderate exercise in the heat. Select skin sites were hydrated before sweating by adhering cylinders of distilled water to forearm skin. SC samples were taken before and after exercise using the tape stripping (TS) method and sweat samples were taken with homemade filter paper sweat patches with a tegaderm backing. An increase in SC hydration was verified by …

Children's Perceptions Of A District-Wide Physical Education Program, Tirza Ramona Watts

Theses and Dissertations

It is important that physical educators, teacher educators, and researchers do all they can to understand and help promote positive attitudes among students, as attitudes toward physical education (PE) may influence students' physical activity intentions and behaviors. The purpose of this study was to identify children's perceptions of PE as it is delivered via a district-wide PE program. Specifically, the study examined the following: (a) student perceptions of enjoyment and usefulness of the PE program as it is systematically delivered in their district, (b) student likes and dislikes with respect to PE, and (c) student voice as expressed directly by …

An Examination Of The Relatedness Needs Of Adult Swimmers, Deward Warren Loose

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to first examine the role of coaches, peers, and significant others in the development of relatedness as it applies to the motivation of adult Master swimmers, and second to develop recommendations for coaches. The participants in this study were 87 Masters swimmers from the Wasatch Front region of Utah in the counties of Davis, Weber, Utah, Wasatch, Salt Lake, and Summit. Participants in this study were registered members of United States Masters Swimming(USMS) and were spread across eleven age-group classifications in five-year increments and ranging in age from 18 to 74. There were 43 …

Differences In Joint Moments At The Hip, Knee, And Ankle While Wearing Running Shoes And Distance Spikes, Aared D. Sampson

Theses and Dissertations

For years track and field athletes have worn spiked shoes to enhance performance. This study was conducted to determine the effect of track spikes on hip, knee, and ankle peak joint moments (PJM) in collegiate and elite athletes while running. To measure differences in joint moments, ten intercollegiate and post graduate male distance runners from Brigham Young University ran at a four-minute-mile pace (6.7 m/s) across a force plate synched with infrared cameras tracking body positioning in each shoe condition. Repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05) revealed no significant peak joint differences between running shoes and track spikes. The minimum hip and peak knee PJM approached significance (F = 3.221, P = 0.116 and F = 2.875, P = 0.134 respectively). The high variability of joint moments between trials made it difficult to detect differences between conditions. The variability may be explained by any number of factors including: biomechanical differences in running form, running at high speeds, type of subjects, and potentially other factors.

Reliability Of Sixteen Balance Tests In Individuals With Down Syndrome, Romina Villamonte

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of sixteen balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). The following tests were performed on 21 participants with DS, aged 5-31 years of age; standing test on firm and soft surfaces with the eyes opened and closed, a balance subset of the Bruininks-Oseretsky test, full turn, timed-up-and-go test, forward reach, and sit-to-stand. Each participant completed all 16 assessments twice on one day and then again on a subsequent day for a total of four trials. Seven tests had reliability coefficients greater than 0.55; one-leg stand on floor (0.76), on …

The Effects Of Gender On The Biomechanics Of The Hip During Athletic Maneuvers, Mikaela Boham

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Context: Females are two to eight times more likely to sustain an ACL injury than males participating in the same sport. The primary mechanism reported for noncontact ACL injury involves landing from a jump, unanticipated change of direction, and/or deceleration activities.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if adolescent female athletes perform athletic activities with decreased hip and knee flexion angles, and decreased EMG activity of the gluteus medius relative to their male counterparts.

Design: Cohort study from local club basketball teams.

Setting: University Laboratory.

Participants: Ten healthy adolescent basketball athletes (5 females, 5 males).

Interventions: Each …

Perceptions About Rollersoccer Youth Programs, June Solomon

Master's Projects and Capstones

The purpose of this research was to investigate the demand for structured

RollerSoccer Youth Programs and to examine the perceptions about this type of

Program. The market for RollerSoccer is untapped and unrepresented in the

world of sports. To date, there are no articles about the development of

RollerSoccer Youth Programs or scholarly work on marketing the emerging sport

of RollerSoccer. The RollerSoccer International Federation (RSIF), the governing

body for this fast‐paced, high scoring hybrid sport aims to expand its reach to

youth in diverse communities by developing this sports initiative.

Three hundred and ten youth participants from selected schools …

Lactate Threshold: The Comparison Of Running On A Land Treadmill Versus Head-Out Water Immersion Treadmill Running, Stephanie Alyce Jones

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction. Exercise and head-out water immersion (HOI) have consistently reported an increase in central blood volume associated with the cephalad shift in blood volume. This causes an increase in left ventricular end diastolic volume and greater stroke volume during exercise compared to exercise in air at similar metabolic costs. In contrast, the metabolic response, specifically, blood lactate accumulation during exercise combined with HOI has yielded varying results depending on the mode of exercise. At present it appears that during exercise at similar metabolic costs, cycle ergometry exercise augments plasma lactate over treadmill running while HOI reduces the plasma lactate response …