Life Sciences Commons^™

Digestible And Metabolizable Energy In Ground Yellow Corn, Rice Bran, And Copra Meal Fed To 10 To 15 Kg Philippine Native Pigs (Benguet Strain), Mary Arnel D. Garcia

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

The experiment was conducted to determine the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy in ground yellow corn, rice bran, and copra meal when fed to Philippine native pigs. Nine barrows with an average initial bodyweight of 10 kg and ages ranging from 60 to 75 d old were housed individually in metabolism crates and randomly allotted to a triplicated incomplete 3 × 2 Latin square design with three diets and two periods. A corn-based diet containing 94.89% yellow corn and two diets containing 66.42% yellow corn and 30% rice bran or …

Impact Of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Fresh Meal On The Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Hematology, And Intestinal Histology Of Cork Fish (Channa Striata), Boby Muslimin, Danang Yonarta, Eny Heriyati, Helmizuryani Helmizuryani, Meika Puspita Sari, Dewi Apriyanti, Rahmat Kurniawan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is an alternative ingredient for Fish Meal (FM) which is expected to reduce aquaculture operational costs and positively impact fish growth and health. The effect of BSF fresh meal on growth response, digestibility, intestinal hematology, and intestinal histology of cork fish was investigated. The BSF experiment with mixed percentages as treatments, by 20%, 50%, 80%, and 100%, was repeated four times. Furthermore, there were 50 individuals/m3 cork fish with an average weight of 1.6 ± 0.05 g distributed in each treatment. An increase in BSF influences a significant decrease in the Relative Growth Weight (RGW) and …

Research Progress On The Influence Of Protein On Physicochemical Properties, Microstructures And Digestive Properties Of Starch And Its Application, Zhao Hai-Bo, Sun Chun-Rui, Qiu Hong-Wei, Cui Bo, Cheng Yun-Hui, Chen Ling

Food and Machinery

Starch and protein are two important components in food system. The interactions between starch and protein have important influence on the structure, physicochemical properties of starch and the texture and digestibility of starch-based food. In recent years, the effect of exogenous protein on starch-protein interaction in mixed system and its application have become a hot research topic in the field of food. This article reviews the interaction mode between starch and protein, the effect of protein on physicochemical properties （gelatinization properties, retrogradation properties, rheological properties, thermal properties and texture properties） and microstructure of starch-protein mixed system, summarizes the regulation effect …

Recent Findings On Phosphorus Digestibility Of Feed Ingredients In Broilers, Jay Hampton, Wenting Li, Franco Mussini, Katie Hilton, Janet Remus, Samuel J. Rochell

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Accurately meeting the dietary P needs of broilers is critical to ensure optimal bird performance, health, and welfare without causing undue environmental burdens associated with excess dietary P excretion. Phosphorus is commonly supplied in broiler diets from inorganic phosphates derived from non-renewable sources, but it has been estimated that peak P production will occur between 2030-2040 and that the global supply of P could be depleted within this century (Cordell and Drangert, 2009; Nest and Cordell, 2012). To address these concerns, inorganic P use in agriculture, including use in broiler diet formulation, requires careful stewardship. To this end, the dietary …

Amino Acids Were Not All Created Equal, Peter H. Selle, Shemil P. Macelline, Peter V. Chrystal, Sonia Y. Liu

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

The contention that amino acids were not all created equal is based on the simple premise that intestinal uptakes of non-bound (synthetic, crystalline, feed-grade) amino acids are more rapid than their protein-bound counterparts. The post-enteral ramifications of this difference in bioequivalence are amplified in broiler chickens given their express growth rates and just one complication is the post-prandial oxidation of amino acids. The lack of bioequivalence between non-bound and protein-bound amino acids is a real obstacle to the development and adoption of reduced-crude protein diets that have the potential to promote sustainable chicken-meat production Thus, the purpose of this paper …

Forage Turnip (Brassica Rapa) Harvested In Different Phases Of Vegetative Stage Andensiled With The Additives Of Molasses And Barley And The Effects Of Additives On Silagequality, In Vitro Digestibility, And Energy Content, Serhat Yildiz, Suphi̇ Deni̇z, Fatma Özkan, Çağri Kale

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the silage quality, in vitro digestibility and energy content of forage turnip (Brassica rapa) ensiled with molasses or ground barley. Forage turnip was harvested at three different stages: the beginning, middle and end of the flowering period, and it was ensiled with no additive (control), 5% molasses or 4% ground barley. In the trial, pH, nutrient contents, ammonia nitrogen (NH$_{3}$-N) contents, volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents, Fleig scores, in vitro digestibility and energy content were determined. It was observed that the effect of the vegetative stage on the difference between the groups was significant …

Standardized Ileal Digestibility Of Amino Acids In Nacedero (Trichanthera Gigantea (Humboldt & Bonpland.) Nees) Foliage, Copra Expeller, And Soybean Meal Fed To Growing Philippine Native Pigs (Sus Scrofa Domesticus Erxleben, 1777), Mary Arnel D. Garcia, Rommel C. Sulabo

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

The experiment was conducted to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in nacedero (Trichanthera gigantea Humboldt & Bonpland.) Nees; NAC) foliage, copra expeller (CE), and soybean meal (SBM) fed to growing Philippine native pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777). Eight barrows of Black Tiaong strain (initial BW of 36.44 ± 1.59 kg; 132 to 135 d) installed with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were housed individually in metabolism cages and randomly allotted to a replicated 4 × 3 Youden square design with four diets and three periods. One …

The Effect Of Ellagic Acid On Performance, Digestibility, Egg Quality, Cecal Bacterial Flora,Antioxidant Activity, And Some Blood Parameters In Laying Quails Reared At Differenttemperatures, Seda İflazoğlu Mutlu, Talat Güler

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the effect of ellagic acid on the performance, egg quality, digestibility, cecal microflora, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and biochemical parameters in quails reared under normal conditions and at high environmental temperatures was investigated. The animals (n = 240; 5-weeks old) reared at 2 environmental temperatures [thermoneutral (TN) and heat stress (HS)] and in 4 diet groups containing different ellagic acid doses (0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were randomly assigned to 8 groups according to the 2 × 4 factorial design. Feed intake, egg weight, and egg production were higher (P < 0.001) and feed conversion (P < 0.01) was better in the TN groups compared to the HS groups. Egg (P < 0.01) and shell weights (P < 0.001) were higher in the TN groups compared to the HS groups. The effect of ellagic acid supplementation on shell weight was statistically significant in the TN and HS groups (P < 0.05). The effects of environmental temperature and the supplementation of ellagic acid on digestibility of dry matter (P < 0.05), ether extract (P < 0.01), and crude protein (P < 0.01) were statistically significant in the TN and HS groups. Supplementation of ellagic acid reduced the total coliform bacteria count (P < 0.01) and increased the total lactic acid bacteria count (P < 0.001) in the cecum. Serum MDA levels increased with heat stress (P < 0.001) and decreased with the supplementation of ellagic acid (P < 0.001). The effect of environmental temperature on serum glucose (P < 0.001), cholesterol (P < 0.05), total protein (P < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.001), sodium (P < 0.05), and magnesium was significant. In conclusion, the supplementation of ellagic acid decreased oxidative stress and total coliform bacteria count and improved the feed conversion and egg quality in quails under heat stress. Moreover, ellagic acid increased the digestibility of nutrients and had a positive effect on lactic acid bacteria. It was observed in this study that these beneficial effects of ellagic acid increased with an increasing dose, and 400 mg/kg was the most effective dose.

Forage Potential Of Salsola Species In Arid-Saline Rangelands, Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh, Ali Mirhosseini, Nudrat Aisha Akram, Mirza Hasanuzzaman

Turkish Journal of Botany

We investigated the forage potential of 12 Salsola species including S. arbuscula, S. abarghuensis, S. dendroides, S. crassa, S. imbricata, S. incanescens, S. nitraria, S. kerneri, S. orientalis, S. richteri, S. tomentosa, and S. yazdiana in the Southern rangelands of the Great Salt Desert. The results showed a great significant variation among forage quality and quantity of the Salsola species. The greatest fresh and dry forages were obtained in S. yazdiana (4.54 and 1.53 kg m?2, respectively) followed by S. dendroides (3.02 and 1.13 kg m?2, respectively). The S. tomentosa had the greatest ash content by 20.2%, which significantly was …

Effects Of Dietary Amino Acid Density And Exogenous Protease Inclusion On Growth Performance And Apparent Ileal Aa Digestibility In Broilers, Haley K. Wecker, Courtney N. Truelock, Christopher J. Delfelder, Caitlin E. Evans, Renan A. Donadelli, Charles G. Aldrich, Miguel A. Barrios, Charles R. Stark, Robert S. Beyer, John M. Gonzalez, Chad B. Paulk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Protein is one of the most expensive nutrients in poultry diets. In an effort to minimize feed costs, protein digestion and utilization by the animal must be carried out as efficiently as possible. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary AA density and exogenous protease inclusion on growth performance and AA digestibility in broilers. Treatments consisted of a 2 × 4 factorial design with main effects of commercial protease (with or without) and digestible Lys (1.12, 1.15, 1.18, or 1.21%). Broiler chicks were housed in 4 Petersime batteries and treatments were randomly assigned to …

Effects Of Phytase On Broilers Performance And Body Status Of Phosphorus, جمال ابو عمر, ربيع صبحه

Hebron University Research Journal-A (Natural Sciences) - (مجلة جامعة الخليل للبحوث- أ (العلوم الطبيعيه

his experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of microbial phytase supplementation on broilers performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass cuts and body status of Ca and P. A total of 200 day-old Cobb-500 chicks were used in the experiment. Birds were partitioned into five experimental groups of 40 birds each treatment was composed of 4 replicates with 10 birds in each. The control group was fed a commercial starter and finisher diet. The second treatment group was fed a phosphorus deficient diet, while the third, fourth and fifth treatments groups were fed a phosphorus deficient diets plus the microbial phytase. Phytase …

Syngenta Enogen Feed Corn Containing An Alpha Amylase Expression Trait Improves Digestibility In Growing Calf Diets, M. A. Johnson, T. J. Spore, S. P. Montgomery, C. S. Kubick, J. S. Garzón, W. R. Hollenbeck, R. N. Wahl, C. I. Vahl, E. D. Watson, D. A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:To evaluate the digestibility parameters of growing cattle when fed Enogen Feed corn.

Study Description:Seven cannulated Holstein steers were used to determine the effects on digestibility when fed Enogen Feed corn (Syngenta) as whole-corn or processed as dry-rolled at ad libitum intake.

The Bottom Line:When Enogen Feed corn was fed in an ad libitum fashion to growing calves, dry matter and organic matter are digested to a greater extent relative to yellow corn.

Determination Of Nutritional Value Of Some Quinoa Varieties, Tugay Ayaşan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritive value of 5 quinoa varieties (Inia431- Altiplano, White, Titicaca, Illpa Inia, and Carmen). As a result of the study, it was found that there were statistically significant differences between the quinoa varieties in terms of dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), acid-detergent fiber (ADF), crude cellulose (CC), hemicellulose (HC), total digestible nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy lactation (NEL) (P < 0.05). This is a preliminary study. In vivo and vitro studies are required.

Effects Of Sugar Beet Pulp Based Total Mixed Ration On Growth Performance And Blood Profile Status In Male Nili Ravi Buffalo Calves, Saeed Ahmed, Faisal Shahzad, Hifz-Ul- Rahman, Muhammad Rajab

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Sugar beet pulp is comprised of highly digestible fibre that improves the growth rate in calves. The research was conducted to explore the effects of varying levels of sugar beet pulp (SBP) based total mixed ration (TMR) on growth performance and blood metabolites in buffalo male calves. Three TMRs were formulated based on quantity of SBP added i.e. 0% (TMR1), 15% (TMR2), 30% (TMR3) and assigned to 3 different groups (n = 6) of calves for a period of 60 days under a completely randomized statistical design. Calves were fed iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric ration as 3% of BW/day on dry …

Optimized Oral Supplementation Of Vitamins Improves Feed Intake And Rumen Microbial Protein Synthesis In Deoni Cows, Ashwin Kandathil, Srinivas Bandla

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was conducted to optimize oral doses of fat- and water-soluble vitamins in cattle using in vitro gas production model and to ascertain their effects on dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility, and rumen microbial protein (RMBP) synthesis. Doses optimized using the in vitro model were 3.66, 6.78, 16.3, 41.1, 3.87, 0.323, 4.12, and 0.055 mg/kg DMI, respectively, for thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, and B12 and 500 IU/kg DMI for vitamin K. Thirty-two adult, nonproducing Deoni cows (375 ± 13.4 kg body weight, BW) were randomly divided into four equal groups (n = …

The Influences Of Feeding Broilers On Graded Inclusion Of Sunflower Meal With Or Without Avizyme On Growth, Protein And Energy Efficiency, Carcass Traits, And Nutrient Digestibility, Mahmoud Alagwany, Adel Attia, Zenat Ibrahim, Mohamed Abd El-Hack1, Muhammed Arif, Mohamed Emam

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study aimed to investigate the substituting effect of sunflower meal (SFM) for soybean meal (SBM) with or without supplemental Avizyme on growth performance, protein and energy efficiency ratios, carcass traits, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. A 4 × 2 factorial design experiment was conducted with four levels of SFM replacing SBM (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%) and two levels of supplemented Avizyme (0 or 0.1 g/kg diet). Results revealed that increasing SFM substitution for SBM up to 50% was associated with an increase in body weight (P < 0.01). Daily weight gain was statistically (P < 0.01) enhanced with increasing SFM up to 50% through 22 to 42 and 7 to 42 days of age. Feed conversion ratio improved (P < 0.01) in groups given SFM at 25% and 50% compared to the control. No carcass values were affected by SFM inclusion or Avizyme. The inclusion of 25% or 50% SFM increased (P < 0.01) protein efficiency at periods of 7?21 and 22?42 days of age. Energy efficiency ratio improved (P < 0.01) due to SFM incorporation at levels of 25% or 50% in all periods. The interaction effect between SFM and Avizyme was not significant on a majority of studied parameters. The digestion coefficients of crude fiber, N-free extract, and organic matter increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) with increased levels of SFM. In conclusion, the incorporation of SFM as a substitute for SBM in broiler diets improved the growth performance of broilers. The use of SFM up to 50% without Avizyme supplementation could be recommended in broiler diets from 7 to 42 days of age.

Effects Of The Addition Of Essential Oils Cumimaldehyde, Eugenol, And Thymol On The In Vitro Gas Production And Digestibility Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Silage, Mustafa Salman, Habi̇p Muruz, Nurcan Çeti̇nkaya, Zehra Selçuk, İsmai̇l Kaya

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of the addition of three essential oils, mainly cuminaldehyde, eugenol, and thymol to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage on gas production, digestibility, and metabolic energy. The essential oils were added at 0 ppm (controls) and 100 ppm (group 1), 200 ppm (group 2), and 300 ppm (group 3) with three replications. The cumulative amount of gas resulting from the addition of the three essential oils at the 96th h of incubation was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The cumulative amount of gas production at the 96th h of incubation with thymol ranged from 184.63 mL/g to 217.38 mL/g. In conclusion, this study showed that the addition of different amounts of cuminaldehyde, eugenol, and thymol to alfalfa silage reduced the amount of in vitro gas production. Therefore, these treatments can potentially reduce environmental pollution from ruminal digestion. However, the use of increasing levels of essential oils reduced the amounts of digestible organic matter and metabolic energy. Additional studies are necessary to reveal the effects of these essential oils on in vivo ruminal fermentation by measuring changes in feed consumption and productivity.

Total Tract Dry Matter Digestibility And Proportions Of Ruminal Propionate Are Increased In High-Energy Limit-Fed Diets Based Primarily On Wet Corn Gluten Feed, T. J. Spore, S. P. Montgomery, E. C. Titgemeyer, G. A. Hanzlicek, Christopher Vahl, T. G. Nagaraja, K. T. Cavalli, W. R. Hollenbeck, R. N. Wahl, Dale Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objectives:Study digestion and characteristics of digestion of high-energy limit-fed diets based primarily on wet corn gluten feed.

Study Description:Six ruminally-cannulated Jersey crossbred steers were used to measure total tract diet digestibility, passage rate, volatile fatty acid, and ammonia production, and ruminal pH when limit-feeding high-energy diets based primarily on wet corn gluten feed.

The Bottom Line:High-energy limit-fed diets based primarily on wet corn gluten feed are 15% more digestible and produce a higher concentration of energy yielding volatile fatty acid compared to low-energy full-fed diets without apparent disruptions in ruminal fermentation or health.

Effect Of Phytase On True Total Tract Digestibility Of Phosphorus In Full-Fat Rice Bran Determined In Pigs By Regression Method, Walter Lucca, Marcos Ceron, Matheus Lucca, Lucas Casagrande, Leonardo Rocha, Irineo Zanella, Vladimir Oliveira

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of phytase on true total tract digestibility of phosphorus (TTDP) and endogenous losses of phosphorus (ELP) of full-fat rice bran (FFRB) by simple linear regression. Twelve castrated pigs in the growing phase with an average live weight of 57.00 ± 2.50 kg were used. The experiment lasted 36 days, divided into three periods of 12 days each. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme, with two levels of fungal phytase (0 and 750 FTU $\mathbb{kg}^-1$ ) and three levels of phosphorus (P) coming …

Barley As An Alternative To Rice In Dog Food, Fatma İnal, Mustafa Selçuk Alataş, Oğuzhan Kahraman, Şeref İnal, Mustafa Uludağ, Emel Gürbüz, Esad Sami̇ Polat

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, 30 mixed-breed, neutered, young adult male dogs at 15-30 kg live weights were used. The foods were produced at a special facility. Dog food produced using 25% barley had a gelatinized starch content significantly greater than that of food produced using 25% rice: 18.36% vs. 17.45%, respectively. No considerable difference was observed in the dogs' preference between the two foods (50.95% vs. 49.05%). Dry matter digestibility of rice and barley food was 86.10% and 83.85% and crude protein digestibility was 80.44% and 79.24%, respectively. Based on the consumption of rice or barley, stool consistency did not change.

Gross Responses And Apparent Ileal Digestibility Of Amino Acids And Minerals In Broiler Chicken Fed Vegetable-Based Starter Diets Supplemented With Microbial Enzymes, Mohammad Abul Hossain, Paul Ade Iji, Al-Farooq Mohammad Fakhrul Islam

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of diet and exogenous enzymes on growth responses and micronutrient digestibility of broilers. Day-old broilers (n = 256) were distributed into a 2 x 2 factorial design and were fed on two basal diets: soybean (T1) or canola (T2) meals as such, or supplemented with enzymes up to 21 days. Feed intake (FI) and live weight (LW) to 21 days on the T2 diet was higher (P < 0.001) than that on T1. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better (P < 0.01) on T1 than on T2 at 21 days. Enzymes generally improved (P < 0.001) FI, FCR, and LW. The digestibility of histidine was higher (P < 0.05) on T2, but lysine digestibility was higher (P < 0.01) on T1 at 21 days. Histidine, threonine, lysine, valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine digestibility was improved (P < 0.05) in the supplemented diets. Mineral digestibility was unaffected (P > 0.05) by diet, but enzymes increased (P < 0.05) digestibility of P, K, Mn, and Cu at 21 days. The digestibility of Cu, Zn, and Mg was higher (P < 0.05) on T2, whereas Ca digestibility was greater (P < 0.05) on the T1 diet. Broilers' growth responded positively to enzyme diets, probably due to improvement in nutrient digestibility.

The Effect Of Live Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Yeast In The Diet Of Rams On The Digestibility Of Nutrients, Nitrogen And Mineral Retention, And Blood Serum Biochemical Parameters, Barbara Kowalik, Jacek Skomial, Renata Miltko, Malgorzata Majewska

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effect of live Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast added to the diet of rams on the digestibility of carbohydrates and protein in the total tract, retention of nitrogen and mineral elements, and concentration of biochemical parameters in blood serum was examined. The experiment was carried out on 12 Corriedale rams allocated to 2 groups of 6 animals each. The control group was fed meadow hay (45.4%), concentrate (53.2%), and a vitamin?mineral mixture (1.4%), while the second group was fed the same diet supplemented with 2 g day-1 live S. cerevisiae. Adaptation to feeding lasted 21 days; the sampling period lasted 7 …

Effect Of Organic Zinc Supplementation On Growth, Nutrient Utilization, And Plasma Zinc Status In Lambs, Mokhtar Mallaki, Mohammad Ali Norouzian, Ali Akbar Khadem

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of supplemental zinc (Zn) on performance, nutrient digestibility, and plasma Zn status in Zandi lambs. In experiment 1, 18 male lambs (BW = 21.30 ± 0.55 kg) were fed a basal diet containing 22.8 mg Zn/kg dry matter (DM) with no supplemental Zn (control) or 20 mg of supplemental Zn/kg of DM from Zn sulfate (ZnS) or Zn peptide (ZnP). Average daily gain and dry matter intake were higher for the lambs fed the diet supplemented with ZnP. Feed conversion ratio was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the ZnP group compared to the control and ZnS groups. In experiment 2, an in vitro gas production technique was used to evaluate the effects of zinc source on the gas production parameters. Rate of gas production after 6 h and total production of gas after 24 and 48 h did not differ between groups. In vitro DM digestibility, short-chain fatty acids, and ME content were increased (P < 0.05) by ZnP supplementation when compared to the ZnS and control groups. The results of this study showed that feeding ZnP improves performance and digestibility of DM and could result in higher metabolizable energy and short-chain fatty acid yield.

Effects Of Fermented Cottonseed Meal On The Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Carcass Traits, And Meat Composition In Yellow-Feathered Broilers, Cunxi Nie, Wenju Zhang, Wenxia Ge, Yongqiang Wang, Yangfeng Liu, Jiancheng Liu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effects of supplementing broilers' diets with fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on the broilers' performance, apparent digestibility, carcass traits, and meat composition were studied. A total of 180 yellow-feathered chickens of 21 days old were randomly divided into three groups (six replicates of 10 broilers each): 1) a control group (Con), 2) a treatment group of FCSM by Candida tropicalis (Ct), and 3) a treatment group of FCSM by C. Tropicalis plus Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ct-Sc). Results showed that FCSM supplementation improved the average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio from the 43rd to 64th and the 21st to 64th day, respectively …

The Effects Of Red Grape Pomace Inclusion In Grower Diet On Amino Acid Digestibility, Intestinal Microflora, And Sera And Liver Antioxidant Activity In Broilers, Martina Lichovnikova, Libor Kalhotka, Vojtech Adam, Borivoj Klejdus, Vojtech Anderle

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary red grape pomace (RGP) on amino acid digestibility (AIAAD), intestinal microflora, and antioxidant activity in the sera and liver. Sixty-six broilers were housed in battery cages. They were allocated to six cages corresponding to two dietary treatments with three replicates of each treatment. The treatments were administered from 10 to 36 days and included a control diet and a diet containing 1.5% RGP dry powder with the other components remaining unchanged, compared to the control. The RGP had a significant (P < 0.05) positive effect on the apparent metabolizable energy. The majority of coefficients of AIAAD were higher in the RGP. The ileal digestibility of threonine, serine, proline, and glycine was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in RGP. RGP had a positive effect (P < 0.05) on the content of Lactobacillus in the lower part of the ileum. The blood sera of broilers fed RGP had significantly (P < 0.05) lower 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and uric acid content. The RGP at a concentration of 15 g/kg in the grower diet did not affect the growth of broilers, and RGP is suitable for broiler diets to improve gastrointestinal tract functionality.

Effects Of Cobalt Source On Rate And Extent Of Dry Matter And Fiber Degradation In Vitro, F. Vargas-Rodriguez, Gail Carpenter, J. Defrain, B. Bradford

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Positive effects on fiber degradation have been observed when supplemental cobalt was fed to ruminants. This study tested the effects of cobalt carbonate (CoCarb) and cobalt glucoheptonate (CoGH) at different concentrations on in vitro fermentation rate, fermentation end-product concentrations, and degradation of feed dry matter and neutral detergent fiber. Compared to CoCarb, CoGH increased dry matter disappearance and neutral detergent fiber degradation when added at 1 part per million (ppm) cobalt or less. Furthermore, CoGH had limited effects on the biohydrogenation of long chain fatty acids, whereas CoCarb appeared to stimulate this process when added at more than 3 ppm …

Compositional Studies And Antioxidant Potential Of Albizia Lebbeck (L.) Benth. Pods And Seeds, Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq, Shakeel Ahmad, Mughal Qayum, Sezai̇ Erci̇şli̇

Turkish Journal of Biology

Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. is an important medicinal tree found in Pakistan. The present study evaluates the composition and antioxidant potential of various parts of the A. lebbeck plant. Compositional studies indicated carbohydrates as major components while saponin was found as a major antinutrient in both pods and seeds. Potassium was found in the highest amount and copper in the lowest. The amino acid profile indicated that arginine and lysine are present in excessive amounts in seeds while glutamic acid and aspartic acid are present in the highest concentrations in pods. While the linoleic acid was detected as the major …

Preference Of White-Tailed Deer For Corn Hybrids And Agricultural Husbandry Practices During The Growing Season, Joshua A. Delger, Kevin L. Monteith, Lowell E. Schmitz, Jonathan A. Jenks

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Damage to field corn (Zea mays) by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can be substantial, resulting in millions of dollars lost annually. Numerous methods exist to minimize deer depredation, but all have met with varying degrees of success. Currently, little information is available on preference of white-tailed deer for corn hybrids during the growing season and how that preference might affect depredation patterns. We used adult female white-tailed deer in captivity to study the effect of herbicide treatments on deer-use (treatment versus no treatment) of corn in 2005 and to document preference among specific corn hybrids in …

Effects Of Feeding Frequency On Nutrient Digestibility And Growth Performance Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Fed A High Lipid Diet, Serap Ustaoğlu Tiril, Fi̇kret Alagi̇l

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effect of feeding frequency on nutrient digestibility and growth performance was investigated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a high lipid diet. The experimental diet contained 25.2% crude lipid and 40.7% crude protein. Two feeding frequencies were tested: 2 meals per day (Group I) and 6 meals per day (Group II). Fish were fed a restricted daily ration (1.5% of body weight) divided into equal meals. t the end of the experiment, the weight gain in Group I and II was 84.6% and 90.1%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between groups. The crude lipid and protein digestibility …

The Effects Of Planting Time And Combination On The Nutrient Composition And Digestible Dry Matter Yield Of Four Mixtures Of Vetch Varieties Intercropped With Barley, N. Tuğba Bi̇ngöl, M. Aki̇f Karsli, İ. Hakki Yilmaz, Duran Bolat

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition, digestibility, energy content, and digestible dry matter yield of 4 mixtures of different vetch varieties intercropped with the same barley at 3 different planting times under Eastern Anatolian conditions. Four different vetch species, i.e. common (Farukbey-2001), Hungarian (Tarım Beyazı-98), hairy (Selçuklu-2002), and wooly pod (Segmen-2002), intercropped with barley (Tokak-157) were utilized. The mixtures of vetches intercropped with barley were planted on 7 October 2003 (I), 7 November 2003 (II), and 10 April 2004 (III), and each variety/planting time was randomly assigned to 3 replications. The mixtures of vetches intercropped …