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A Preliminary Study On Ensiling Aspen Bark, Charles Helleloid, John Klow, Gary Pullar, John Veranth

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A preliminary study was conducted on the ensiling of aspen bark in laboratory silos for the production of animal food. Several types of silo, both with and without an enzyme preparation, were tested. Results of physical and chemical tests on the contents indicate that definite changes occur when bark is ensiled, and that these changes differ with ensiling conditions. Several of these changes suggest possibilities for future research.

Biological Aspects Of Heat Pollution, Theodore Olson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The importance of temperature as an environmental factor has long been recognized by the ecologist, and its special impact upon the aquatic ecosystem has been of interest to aquatic biologists since they first began to observe interactions between living things and the physical environment. Interest in water temperatures as an environmental factor has recently become more widespread; and one aspect of the phenomenon, namely "thermal pollution," has attracted special attention.

Schistosome Dermatitis At Basswood Lake, Minnesota, James A. Zischke, Deloris Palmquist Zischke

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

During the summer of 1965 cases of schistosome dermatitis were reported at the Associated Colleges of the Midwest Wilderness Field, Station on Basswood Lake, Minnesota. Collection and isolation of gastropods from the lake revealed an extremely high incidence of Trichobilharzia ocellata infections in Lymnaea stagnalis. A flock of semi-domestic mallard ducks first introduced al the lake in 1963 are believed to be the principal definitive hosts contributing to the epidemiology of the parasite in the area.

Radio-Tracking The Movements Of A Young Male Raccoon, Frank J. Turkowski, L. David Mech

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Movements of o young male raccoon (Procyon lotor) were studied for four months in 1965 through the use of an automatic radio-tracking system. Data for 135 days were collected, and 2,065 locations were recorded. The study animal usually rested throughout the day at different sites. Nightly activity usually began within an hour before or after sunset and ceased within an hour before or after sunrise; the mean duration of the active period was 9 hours and 5 minutes (S.E. = 19 minutes). Nightly movements varied both in extent and areas visited. The raccoon visited a certain cornfield on 87 per …

Seasonal Chlorophyll Change In A Leafy Liverwort, Richard L. Anderson, Edward Flaccus

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

It is known that chlorophyll content of plant material varies with the season of the year, though the fact is sometimes lost sight of in studies of particular plant communities. Measurement of seasonal changes has been more often done with higher plants: e.g., Compton and Boynton (1945), Bordeau ( 1959). But Myiata and Hosokowa (1961) studied these changes in epiphytic mosses as correlated with photosynthetic efficiency.

This paper reports on a study made during 1963-1964 of the chlorophyll content of the leafy liverwort, Scapania nemerosa (l.) Dumort, measured at monthly intervals for a period of one year. This plant material …

Comparative Appraisal Of Bone, Fat, And Muscle Development Of Minnesota White And Indian School Children, Rita A. Kroska

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Comparative analysis of the nutritional status of white and Indian children living in an "economically distressed" area in Northern Minnesota was carried out by assessment of skeletal, fat, and muscle development and by dietary records from a limited sample of the subjects. Diets of the two groups were found to be roughly equivalent in caloric, protein, fat, and carbohydrate content; and the average heights and weights were generally similar. Yet the white children were on the whole fatter and had either equivalent or greater muscle development than the Indian children while the Indians tended to have more robust skeletons. Though …

Some Aspects Of The Symbionts Of Cassiopeia Frondosa, Dolores Ahles O.S.F.

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Symbiodinium microadriaticum were found localized in the mesoglea of Cassiopeia, the upside-down jellyfish. Axenic cultures of the symbiont were produced, utilizing chemically defined media. Studies of the life cycle established the presence of isogametes which had previously been postulated. Reactions to various bands of the spectrum were noted, and tolerance tests for survival in darkness and under temperature stress were carried out. Nutritional experiments established nitrates as the best nitrogen source and verified the fact that vitamins B12 and Thiamine, though not essential far life, hove a stimulating effect on the growth and motility of these zooxanthellae.

Effect Of Substrate Types On Aquatic Insect Distribution, Henry L. Bell

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The effect of substrate types on aquatic insect distribution in the Lester River, St. Louis County, Minnesota, was analyzed through regular measurement of the standing crop. It was found that most aquatic insects preferred a rubble substrate, followed by coarse gravel, bedrock, and coarse sand.

A Bull Snake Encounter With Young Ground Squirrels, Orrin J. Rongstad

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Apparent results of on encounter of a bull snake, Pituophis catenifer, with a litter of three thirteen-lined ground squirrels, Citellus tridecemlineatus, suggests that bull snakes may have eliminated young ground squirrels from a 3-acre lawn of the Cedar Creek Natural History Area at Bethel, Minn., during the summer of 1967.

Distribution And Abundance Of Molluscs In A Fresh Water Environment, Peter Moyle, James Bacon

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The molluscs of o northwestern Minnesota lake were sampled using transects, a sampling frame, and SCUBA. The species sampled were: Amnicola limosa, Valvata tricarinata, Gyraulus parvus, Physa cf. P. gyrina, Helisoma anceps, H. campanulata, Promenetus exacuous, Ferrissia parallela, Anodonta marginata, Lampsilis siliquoidea, and Sphaerium cf. S. striatum. The unionid clams, the adult Helisoma spp. and the Physa adults were associated with the absence of aquatic vegetation. Distinct associations of snail species were found with each plant association: G. parvus and V. tricarinata with the deep water Nitella opaca association, A. limosa and V. tricarinata with the mid-depth mixed macrophyte association, …

Characteristics Of Four Marl Lakes As Related To Biological Productivity, J. E. Maloney, John Dobie, John B. Moyle

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Physical and chemical characteristics of four dimictic eutrophic lakes of northcentral Minnesota with marl deposits are discussed in relation to production of invertebrate animals (benthos and plankton) that are the basic food of fish . Two of the lakes have a history as "productive" fish lakes and the other two as "problem" fish lakes. The "productive" lakes, as a type, have a larger surface area, a longer shallow-water littoral shelf, and a lower proportion of marly soils in the littoral zone than do the "problem" lakes. The standing crop of invertebrates was about twice as great per habitat unit in …

Natural Selection In A Leopard Frog Population, David J. Merrell

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

In a population of immature leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) at Mud Lake, Washington County, Minnesota, a high frequency of unilateral deformity of the hind legs was observed in 1965. Metamorphosis from tadpole to frog took place during July, and samples in late July averaged 14.8% deformed frogs. By late September, the frequency of deformed frogs had decreased to 3.6%, presumably as the result of natural selection.

Lead Shot In Some Spring Migrant Ducks, Robert L. Jessen, Dwain W. Warner, Francis A. Spurrell, John P. Lindmeier, Bertin W. Anderson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The incidence of lead shot in l ,687 lesser scaup (Athya affinis) and 416 ring-necked ducks (Athya collaris) in spring migration in Minnesota and the implications as related to the bird population and hunting harvest the preceding fall are considered in this study. The ducks, which were examined for shot by photofluorographic radiography had died as a result of oil pollution on the Mississippi River in the vicinity of Red Wing in the spring of 1963. The birds were separated into two age groups and by sex. Yearling lesser scaup had a body shat incidence (proportion of birds containing shot) …

Distribution And Emergence Patterns Of Mayflies Ephemera Simulans (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae), Calvin R. Fremling, Gerrit P. Kloek

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Analyses of collections made during the years 1961-1964 reveal that Ephemera simulans is widely distributed in the lake regions of Minnesota and Wisconsin. The period of maximum emergence in central Minnesota and northern Wisconsin occurs during the last three weeks in June, the peak in extreme northern Minnesota about two weeks later.

A 'New' Hybrid Minnow, Gary L. Phillips, David A. Etnier

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The specimen of a hybrid between the minnows Chrosomus erythrogaster and Dionda nubila is described. Taken in southeastern Minnesota near the known northernmost distributional limits of both parent species, this hybrid is between the parental extremes in most of the anatomical features examined.

Spring Dispersal Of Some Leafhoppers And Aphids, A. G. Peterson, J. D. Bates, R. S. Saini

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Two species of leafhoppers and four species of cereal aphids appear to be transported to Minnesota each spring on strong winds from the south or southwest. The aster leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons (Stal); the English grain aphid, Macrosiphum avenae (Fabr.); the apple grain aphid, Rhopalosiphum fitchii (Sand.); and the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rond.), usually arrive in Minnesota during late April or early May. Weather conditions favorable for northward movement of these insects consist of a high pressure area over the eastern states, a low pressure area over the western plains, and the resulting strong, persistent, south wind which is often called …

Mature Pine Forests In Duluth Harbor Area, Donald W. Davidson, John B. Bernard

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Quantitative and qualitative studies have been made on mature pine forests of selected areas on Minnesota Point and Wisconsin Point in the Duluth-Superior Harbor area. The forests were sampled by the point quarters method. The leading dominant in the Minnesota forest was Pinus resinosa, while the leading dominant in the Wisconsin forest was Pinus strobus. Trees up to 173 years of age were found on Minnesota Point, while the maximum age of the trees sampled on Wisconsin Point was 142 years. A total of 87 species of vascular plants were identified in the two areas.

Scotch Pine: Variation And Performance In Minnesota, Muhammad A. K. Khalil

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Scotch pine exhibits clinal variation from north to south in two characteristics: viz., the number of days after April 15 to the time of maximum rote of height growth, and total height after the age of 17 years. There is east-west clinal variation with respect to two characteristics: viz., the number of days after April 15 to the beginning of height growth, and to the time of the maximum rote of height growth. The twelve out of the fifteen varieties analyzed showed the existence of valid sub-varieties or ecotypes. Varieties from central Europe were the fastest growing in each of …

Dwarf Mistletoe Parasite In Spruce, F. H. Tainter, D. W. French

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Locations of all known major infection centers of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium pusillum) in Minnesota are presented and compared to botanical ranges of important hosts. A brief summary of disease symptoms and identification of the parasite are included.

Records Of The Higher Fungi Of Minnesota, Margaret G. Weaver, Robert L. Shaffer

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

This paper, presenting an annotated list of 203 species of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes of Minnesota, is the first published report of the occurrence of many of the species in the state. The collections on which the list is based were made in five Minnesota counties and are deposited in the senior author's herbarium at Faribault, Minnesota, and in the University of Michigan Herbarium at Ann Arbor, Michigan.