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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Distribution Of Antiherbivory Compounds In Flourensia Cernua, Ed Frederickson, Richard Estell, James Darren, Dean Anderson
Distribution Of Antiherbivory Compounds In Flourensia Cernua, Ed Frederickson, Richard Estell, James Darren, Dean Anderson
Ed L. Frederickson
Flourensia cernua is serving as a shrub model to study the influence of terpenes on intake by livestock at this location. Two studies (n=20 plants per study) were conducted to examine within plant distribution of volatile compounds to improve sampling protocol. Leaves from 3 positions (outer canopy, subcanopy, and basal) were collected from 4 quadrants (based on ordinal direction) in Exp. 1. Leaves were removed from 2 leaders of current year's growth for each position in each quadrant. In Exp. 2, 10 leaders of current year's growth were collected from the outer canopy in each quadrant and 3 leaf age …
Characterizing Foraging Patterns Among Cattle And Bonded And Non-Bonded Small Ruminants Using Spatial Point Process Techniques, Ed Frederickson, Dean Anderson, Leigh Murray, Peixn Sun, Richard Estell
Characterizing Foraging Patterns Among Cattle And Bonded And Non-Bonded Small Ruminants Using Spatial Point Process Techniques, Ed Frederickson, Dean Anderson, Leigh Murray, Peixn Sun, Richard Estell
Ed L. Frederickson
Two mixed-species livestock groups were monitored while foraging on 410 ha of brush-infested Southern New Mexico rangeland during July and August 1988. The groups consisted of crossbred Bos taurus and Bos indicus beef cattle with white-faced sheep (Ovis aries) and mohair goats (Capra hircus). The bonded group consisted of small ruminants that had their behaviours modified through socialization with cattle to form a flerd in which small ruminants consistently remained near cattle. Small ruminants in the non-bonded group had not been socialized with cattle. A subset of animal location data measured during the morning over five days for both the …
Dust Emissions From Undisturbed And Disturbed, Crusted Playa Surfaces: Cattle Trampling Effects, Ed Frederickson, Teddy Zobeck, Robert Van Pelt, Matthew Baddock
Dust Emissions From Undisturbed And Disturbed, Crusted Playa Surfaces: Cattle Trampling Effects, Ed Frederickson, Teddy Zobeck, Robert Van Pelt, Matthew Baddock
Ed L. Frederickson
Dry playa lake beds can be significant sources of fine dust emission. This study used a portable field wind tunnel to quantify the PM10 emissions from a bare, fine-textured playa surface located in the far northern Chihuahua Desert. The natural, undisturbed crust and its subjection to two levels of animal disturbance (one and ten cow passes) were tested. The wind tunnel generated dust emissions under controlled conditions for firstly an initial blow-off of the surface, followed by two longer runs with sand added to the flow as an abrader material. Dust was measured using a GRIMM particle monitor. For the …
Rapid Response Of A Grassland Ecosystem To An Experimental Manipulation Of A Keystone Rodent And Domestic Livestock, Ed Frederickson
Rapid Response Of A Grassland Ecosystem To An Experimental Manipulation Of A Keystone Rodent And Domestic Livestock, Ed Frederickson
Ed L. Frederickson
Megaherbivores and small burrowing mammals commonly coexist and play important functional roles in grassland ecosystems worldwide. The interactive effects of these two functional groups of herbivores in shaping the structure and function of grassland ecosystems are poorly understood. In North America's central grasslands, domestic cattle (Bos taurus) have supplanted bison (Bison bison), and now coexist with prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.), a keystone burrowing rodent. Understanding the ecological relationships between cattle and prairie dogs and their independent and interactive effects is essential to understanding the ecology and important conservation issues affecting North American grassland ecosystems. To address these needs, we established …
Mesquite: A Long View, Ed Frederickson, Curtis Monger, Eduardo Guevara, Dan Fredrickson
Mesquite: A Long View, Ed Frederickson, Curtis Monger, Eduardo Guevara, Dan Fredrickson
Ed L. Frederickson
Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) is among the most successful plants in Northern México and America"s arid Southwest. Mesquite optimizes pollinator services and reproductive effort, resulting in seeds that persist in herbivore digestive tracts and soil seed banks for extended periods. An extensive root system fully occupies the soil profile long distances from its base, allowing it to harvest water and nutrients with extraordinary efficiency. Root nodules harbor nitrogen-fixing bacteria allowing mesquite to overcome usual nitrogen limitations. Mesquite survival is determined early, but once established, it is long-lived, often benefiting from hardships killing most plants. So with mesquite"s superior adaptations and competitive …
In Search Of "Organ Iii" Strata-A Sedimentary Record Of The Medieval Warm Period (Ca. Ad 900 To 1300), Ed Frederickson, Curtis Monger, Katie Laney
In Search Of "Organ Iii" Strata-A Sedimentary Record Of The Medieval Warm Period (Ca. Ad 900 To 1300), Ed Frederickson, Curtis Monger, Katie Laney
Ed L. Frederickson
The period AD 900 to 1300, internationally referred to as the Medieval Warm Period, is a critical time for the archaeological record of the Southwestern USA. During the Medieval Warm Period both alluvial and eolian sedimentation increased, but not to the magnitude of the middle Holocene (the Altithermal) or since Historical erosion began in the middle 1850s (the end of the Little Ice Age). Locally, the term "Organ III" has been given to the Medieval Warm Period allostratigraphic unit. It is a subtle unit stratigraphically between Altithermal sediments (Organ I) and Historical sediments. Diagnostic features for identifying these three units …
Composition Of Ceanothus Gregii Oil As Determined By Steam Distillation And Solid-Phase Microextraction, Ed Frederickson, R. Estell, M. Lucero
Composition Of Ceanothus Gregii Oil As Determined By Steam Distillation And Solid-Phase Microextraction, Ed Frederickson, R. Estell, M. Lucero
Ed L. Frederickson
Ceanothus gregii Gray was collected from the Jornada Experimental Range in south central New Mexico. Current year’s growth was collected from ten plants found within an approximate 50 m radius of the GPS coordinates N32°40.605’ and W106°33.486’at an altitude of 1,741 m during July 2001. Composite samples of the plants were steam distilled in triplicate, and the composite oil was analyzed using both GC-FID and GC/MS. The volatile composition of the same plants was also examined using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with a 100?m polydimethylsiloxane fiber. Mass spectra and retention indices were used to identify 41 previously described compounds. Methyl salicylate …
Dust Emissions From Undisturbed And Disturbed, Crusted Playa Surfaces: Cattle Trampling Effect, Ed Frederickson, Teddy Zobeck, Matthew Baddock, Robert Van Pelt
Dust Emissions From Undisturbed And Disturbed, Crusted Playa Surfaces: Cattle Trampling Effect, Ed Frederickson, Teddy Zobeck, Matthew Baddock, Robert Van Pelt
Ed L. Frederickson
Dry playa lake beds can be a significant source of fine dust emissions during high wind events in arid and semiarid landscapes. The physical and chemical properties of the playa surface control the amount and properties of the dust emitted. In this study, we use a field wind tunnel to quantify the dust emissions from a bare, fine-textured playa surface located in the Chihuahua Desert at the Jornada Experimental Range, near Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA. We tested natural, undisturbed crusted surfaces and surfaces that had been subjected to two levels of domestic animal disturbance. The animal disturbance was provided …
A Retention Index Calculator Simplifies Identification Of Plant Volatile Organic Compounds, Ed Frederickson
A Retention Index Calculator Simplifies Identification Of Plant Volatile Organic Compounds, Ed Frederickson
Ed L. Frederickson
Plant volatiles (PVOCs) are important targets for studies in natural products, chemotaxonomy and biochemical ecology. The complexity of PVOC profiles often limits research to studies targeting only easily identified compounds. With the availability of mass spectral libraries and recent growth of retention index (RI) libraries, PVOC identification can be achieved using only gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GCMS). However, RI library searching is not typically automated, and until recently, RI libraries were both limited in scope and costly to obtain. Objective To automate RI calculation and lookup functions commonly utilised in PVOC analysis. Methodology Formulae required for calculating retention …
Effects Of Cis-Ss-Ocimene, Cis-Sabinene Hydrate, And Monoterpene And Sesquiterpene Mixtures On Alfalfa Pellet Intake By Lambs, Ed Frederickson, R. Estell, Dean Anderson
Effects Of Cis-Ss-Ocimene, Cis-Sabinene Hydrate, And Monoterpene And Sesquiterpene Mixtures On Alfalfa Pellet Intake By Lambs, Ed Frederickson, R. Estell, Dean Anderson
Ed L. Frederickson
Interpretive Summary: The conversion of grasslands to shrublands in the western United States and in arid regions throughout the world is a serious concern to livestock producers and ecologists. This process of desertification not only reduces available forage for livestock and wildlife, but also leads to increased soil erosion and reduced biodiversity. These shrubs often contain chemicals that make them unpalatable to browsing animals. We have been conducting a long-term study on the impact of volatile plant chemicals such as terpenes on shrub consumption by livestock. Our previous work showed that for a common shrub in the northern Chihuahuan Desert …
Ecological Services To And From Rangelands Of The United States, Ed Frederickson, Kris Havstad, Debra Peters, Rhonda Skaggs, Joel Brown, Brandon Bestelmeyer, Jeffrey Herrick, Jack Wright
Ecological Services To And From Rangelands Of The United States, Ed Frederickson, Kris Havstad, Debra Peters, Rhonda Skaggs, Joel Brown, Brandon Bestelmeyer, Jeffrey Herrick, Jack Wright
Ed L. Frederickson
The over 300 million ha of public and private rangelands in the United States are characterized by low and variable precipitation, nutrient-poor soils, and high spatial and temporal variability in plant production. This land type has provided a variety of goods and services, with the provisioning of food and fiber dominating through much of the 20th century. More recently, food production from a rangeland-based livestock industry is often pressured for a variety of reasons, including poor economic returns, increased regulations, an aging rural population, and increasingly diverse interests of land owners. A shift to other provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting …
Effects Of Eugenol, Α-Terpineol, Terpin-4-Ol, And Methyl Eugenol On Consumption Of Alfalfa Pellets By Sheep, Ed Frederickson
Effects Of Eugenol, Α-Terpineol, Terpin-4-Ol, And Methyl Eugenol On Consumption Of Alfalfa Pellets By Sheep, Ed Frederickson
Ed L. Frederickson
Many secondary compounds are typically present in unpalatable shrubs on arid and semi-arid rangelands. However, the relationship between intake by livestock and concentration of individual chemicals has been examined for very few of these compounds. Four experiments were conducted to examine effects of individual volatile compounds on intake of alfalfa pellets by lambs. Forty-five lambs (9 lambs/treatment) were individually fed alfalfa pellets with eugenol, α-terpineol, terpin-4-ol, or methyl eugenol applied at one of five concentrations. Treatments were multiples (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 10×) of the concentration (×) of each compound on the leaf surface of Flourensia cernua. Treatment solutions …