Life Sciences Commons^™

Salt Tolerance In Herbage And Its Application To Greening The Desert, Y Maeda, T Otani, K Ogiwara, S Murai, H Takenaga

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Canadian peat moss was used as water holding material and the efficacy of mixing the peat with the sand on water holding capacity of the sand, and the adaptability of alfalfa (AL), burmudagrass (BG), bahiagrass(BH), weeping lovegrass (WL) and Japanese lawngrass(JL) to dry and saline conditions were investigated. Without mixing peat, pF value of the sand did not change for 6 days after watering, but rose markedly up to 2.9 after 18 days. With mixing peat at the rate of 2% by the sand weight, the value did not change for 20 days, and rose gradually up to 2.5 on …

Salinity Responses In Some Forage Legume Species, M E. Rogers

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The salt tolerances of more than 70 lines and species of forage legumes were evaluated in a series of greenhouse experiments, with the aim of identifying plant material that is more salt tolerant than some of the more traditionally-grown, temperate, forage legume species. Several species or lines showed potential as salt tolerant germplasm including sweet clover (Melilotus albus), berseem clover (T. alexandrinum) cvv. Mescani and Wardan, woolly clover (T. tomentosum), birdsfoot treefoil (L. Corniculatus), slender birdsfoot treefoil (Lotus tenuis) and Trifolium squamosum. However, further selection and field evaluation is required in order to …

The Effect Of Saltwater Stress On The Performance Of Cherry Tomatoes, Samarah R. Martin, Ivan Oyege, Kateel G. Shetty, Krish Jayachandran, Maruthi Sridhar Balaji Bhaskar

FIU Undergraduate Research Journal

Rising sea levels and saltwater intrusion in aquifers pose significant challenges for South Florida agriculture, leading to increased groundwater salinity and potential crop losses. Utilizing salttolerant crop species presents a potential solution for saline soils and regions with active saltwater intrusion. However, the effects of soil salinization through groundwater alone remains less studied. This research investigates the impact of short-term, below-ground saltwater stress on the growth, survival, and overall health of commonly grown cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). The objectives of the study are to: 1) determine the impact of saline groundwater on tomato plant health and 2) compare the nutrient …

Molecular Clone Of The Na+/H+ Antiporter Gene Atnhx1 And Study Of Transgenic Salt Tolerant Lucerne, Q. Yang, H. Zhou, Y. N. Tongquan

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Lucerne (Medicago sativa) with its good quality and ease of cultivation occupies an important position in animal feeding. Salinity is a major constraint of crop productivity, because it reduces yield and limits expansion of agriculture. Na⁺ /H⁺ antiporter catalyses the counter transport of Na⁺ and H⁺ across membranes. Vacuolar Na⁺ /H⁺ antiporter plays an important role in developing salt-tolerance of plants. Therefore, we could use the gene involved in this mechanism to modify salt tolerance of lucerne.

Genetic Engineering For Breeding For Drought Resistance And Salt Tolerance In Agropyron Spp. (Wheatgrass), Fugui Mi, Y. Jinfeng, H. Xiuwen

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Genetic engineering for breeding for drought resistance and salt tolerance in wheatgrass, lucerne and tall fescue is one of the main projects in a major national programs as part of the10^th’five-year national plan: “Research of gene transfer in plants and its industrialisation”. It is a large project that has financial support for work on forage crops in China and many research institutes and universities take part in it. The Inner Mongolia Agricultural University is in charge of the project on wheatgrass. The research was started in Nov. 2002. The general situation and the primary results are introduced and …

Genetic Engineering For Breeding For Drought Resistance And Salt Tolerance In Agropyron Spp. (Wheatgrass), Fugui Mi, Jinfeng Yun, Xiuwen Huo

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Genetic engineering for breeding for drought resistance and salt tolerance in wheatgrass, lucerne and tall fescue is one of the main projects in major national programs of 10^th five-year national plan: Research of gene transfer in plants and its industrialisation. The project is a large one that has the financial support for forage crops in China and many research institutes and universities take part in it. The Inner Mongolia Agricultural University is in charge of the project on wheatgrass. The research was started in Nov. 2002. The general situation and the primary results are introduced and summarised in this …

Searching For Molecular Markers For Salt Tolerance In Rhodes Grass (Chloris Gayana Kunth), E. Taleisnik, M. Salgado, M. D. Bonafede, L. E. Manghers, H. Pérez, L. García Seffino, A. Castagnaro, D. G. Díaz

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth), a C4 forage grass, is regarded as salttolerant and exhibits intra- and inter-cultivar variability for this trait. Plants of cv Boma were selected for salt tolerance at the seedling and adult stages, cloned and characterized by RAPD and AFLP amplification patterns. Both techniques were equally efficient for fingerprinting these clones. More bands were obtained by AFLP but the ratio of polymorphic bands and the proportion present only in tolerant clones were the same by both methods. These bands, along with those exclusive for sensitive clones could be useful as markers for assisted selection.

Effects Of Abiotic Stresses On Achnatherum Inebrians By Symbiotic Endophyte Of Neotyphodium Gansuense, Chunjie Li, Fei Li, Xiaoyuan Gou, Zhibiao Nan

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

The Genetic Basis Of Adaptation To Environmental Stress In Two Grass Genomic Model Systems, David Mitchell Goad

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Plants are exposed to a wide variety of environmental stress in the wild and have developed an equally diverse set of adaptations to tolerate them. The evolutionary processes that have led to this functional diversification, and the specific genes and physiological mechanisms involved, are of immense interest to both evolutionary biologists and crop breeders. In this dissertation I investigate adaptation to different types of environmental stress in two economically important grass species, seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Seashore paspalum is a halophytic turfgrass that occupies habitats which can dramatically differ in salt concentration. Populations may …

Studies On The Salt Tolerance Compensatory Growth Characteristics Of Elytrigia Elongata, Liujun Wen, Jin Yi, Shunji Piao, Hao Zhang, Jia Xu

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Study On Salt Tolerance Of 9 Varieties Of Lolium Spp. In Germination And Seedling Stage, Kongchen Li

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Salt Tolerance In Cultivars Of Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea), Zhanbin Liu, Qinghua Yuan, Qimei Jing

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Salt Tolerance Of Some New Selections Of Warm Season Turfgrasses And Their Salt Tolerance Mechanisms, Jingbo Chen, Tingting Zhang, Jun Yan, Yanqin Jiang, Hailin Guo, Jianxiu Liu

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Concomitant Accumulations Of Ions, Osmoprotectants And Antioxidant System-Relatedsubstances Provide Salt Tolerance Capability To Succulent Extreme-Halophyte Scorzonera Hieraciifolia, Cansu Altuntaş, Rabi̇ye Terzi̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

Halophytes adapting to live in salinized areas can activate some tolerance mechanism through signal compounds to cope with salinity. However, the role of co-activity of signal compounds in salt tolerance of halophytes has not yet fully understood. We researched the changes in signal compounds involved in the salt tolerance mechanism, including inorganic ions, osmoprotectants and substances related to the antioxidant system in

Evaluation On Mengnong Clover No.1--China's First Variety Of Caucasian Clover (Trifolium Ambiguum Bieb.), Mingjiu Wang, Ying Zhou, Lijun He, Fan Huang, Jingli He

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Many research reports about Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) could be retrieved. A breeding research for Caucasian clover was started since 1996 in Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China. The goal was to breed new varieties with strong cold resistance and drought, salt tolerance, as well as quick regenerating capacity after use. By December 2012, China's first new variety of Caucasian clover - "Mengnong clover No.1" (Mc No.1) was successfully registered by Forage Variety Approval Committee of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Through a comparison test with red clover (T. pratense ) and white clover (T. repens), …

Morphological And Physiological Responses Of Cornus Alba To Salt And Drought Stresses Under Greenhouse Conditions, Qiang Liu, Youping Sun, James Altland, Genhua Niu

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Tatarian dogwood (Cornus alba) is an ornamental shrub with white fruits, creamy-white flowers, and red stems in fall through late winter and is widely used in residential landscape, public parks, and botanical gardens. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to characterize the survival, morphological, aesthetic, and physiological responses of tatarian dogwood seedlings to salinity and drought stresses. In Expt. 1, tatarian dogwood seedlings grown in three soilless growing substrates (Metro-Mix 360, 560, and 902) were irrigated with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m⁻¹ (control) or saline solution (by adding calculated amount of sodium …

Transcriptomic Insights Into The Molecular Aspects Of Salt Stress Responses In Kandelia Candel Roots, Jianhong Xing, Dezhuo Pan, Lingxia Wang, Fanglin Tan, Wei Chen

Turkish Journal of Botany

The mangrove plant Kandelia candel is a type of woody halophyte that grows in tropical and subtropical ocean intertidal zones and exhibits a high salt tolerance. In this study, 61,970 unigenes were obtained from the roots of 60-day-old K. candel seedlings treated with 0 (control), 200, 400, and 600 mM NaCl for 3 days with an N50 of 1510 bp. Moreover, 454, 311, and 2663 genes were differentially expressed under 200, 400, and 600 mM NaCl treatments, respectively. These differentially expressed genes were primarily involved in plant hormone signal transduction, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, stress response, and …

Performance Of Some Forages Species (Festuca Arundinacea L., Chloris Gayana Var. Katambora, Lotus Corniculatus L. And Medicago Sativa L.) In Saline Soil, Süleyman Temel, Uğur Şimşek, Bilal Keskin, İbrahim H. Yılmaz

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Salinity is a soil degradation process which reduces plant diversity and agricultural productivity, decreases fertility and devalues the land in regions with arid and semi-arid climate. This process inhibits water and nutrient intake of plants from soil due to changeable nitrogen percentage and/or the intensity of soluble salt concentration. When the fact that agricultural lands are limited around the world and that the need for nutrition increases incrementally is taken into consideration, it is obvious that available lands should be used more effectively. Hence, it is quite crucial to reclaim saline soil and utilize it more economically (Woods 1996).

Screening Of Ssr Primers And Evaluation Of Salt Tolerance In 20 Sweet Sorghum Varieties For Silage, Qiuwen Zhan, Chunfei Shu, Xiaoliang Li, Min Zhan, Jieqin Li, Ping Lin

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Sweet sorghum belongs to the genus Sorghum in the family Gramineae. It is a variant of common grain sorghum, with characteristics of resistance to drought, flood, barren soil and soil salinity and alkalinity (Zhan et al. 2008). Since the stem of sweet sorghum is rich in sugar, it is usually harvested as silage fodder in grasslands. Often arable land used for forage production is salt-affected. Chinnusamy et al. (2005) have screened and identified a large range of different varieties for salinity tolerance, but there are no published reports of studies screening SSR primers and evaluating the salt tolerance in …

Growth, Gas Exchange, And Mineral Nutrients Of Ornamental Grasses Irrigated With Saline Water, Yuxiang Wang, Youping Sun, Genhua Niu, Chaoyi Deng, Yi Wang, Jorge Gardea-Torresdey

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Ornamental grasses are commonly used in urban landscapes in Utah and the Intermountain West of the United States. The relative salt tolerance of Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. (purple love grass), Miscanthus sinensis Andersson ‘Gracillimus’ (maiden grass), Panicum virgatum L. ‘Northwind’ (switchgrass), and Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash (little bluestem) were evaluated in a greenhouse. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m^–1 (control), or saline solution at an EC of 5.0 or 10.0 dS·m^–1. At harvest (65 days after the initiation of treatment), P. virgatum and S. scoparium exhibited no foliar …

Genetic Loci Associated With Salt Tolerance In Advanced Breeding Populations Of Tetraploid Alfalfa Using Genome-Wide Association Studies, Xiang-Ping Liu, Charles Hawkins, Michael D. Peel, Long-Xi Yu

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Many agricultural lands in the western United States consist of soil with high concentrations of salt, which is detrimental to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growth and production, especially in the region where water resource is limited. Developing alfalfa varieties with salt tolerance is imperative for sustainable production under increasing soil salinity. In the present study, we used advanced alfalfa breeding populations and evaluated five traits related to salt tolerance including biomass dry weight (DW) and fresh weight (FW), plant height (PH), leaf relative water content (RWC), and stomatal conductance (SC) under control and salt stress. Stress susceptibility index (SSI) …

Use Of Hydrogen Peroxide In Acclimation Of Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) To Salt Stress, Hewsley Silva, André Azevedo Neto, Renata Menezes, Petterson Silva, Hans Gheyi

Turkish Journal of Botany

The aim of this study was to verify the effects of application of H2O2 on salt tolerance and oil production in basil cv. `Gennaro de Menta? grown in a hydroponic system. Seedlings were subjected to 3 levels of H2O2 (0, 1, and 1000 ?M) in a nutrient solution during 2 different exposure periods (24 and 48 h) and 2 levels of NaCl (0 and 80 mM). The plants were harvested at preflowering (at 15 days) and postflowering (at 25 days). At 25 days, the application of 1 ?M H2O2/48 h and its reapplication at preflowering increased leaf dry mass production …

Responses Of Ornamental Grass And Grass-Like Plants To Saline Water Irrigation, Youping Sun, Alyssa Lanae Palmer

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Ornamental grasses are popular in urban landscapes in Utah and the Intermountain West United States, one of the driest and fastest growing regions in the United States. This experiment evaluated the responses of five ornamental grass species [blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), indian sea oats (Chasmanthium latifolium), ‘Blue Dune’ sand ryegrass (Leymus arenarius), pink muhly grass (Muhlenbergia capillaris), ‘Foxtrot’ fountain grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides)] and two ornamental grasslike species [fox sedge (Carex vulpinoidea), common rush (Juncus effusus)] to saline irrigation water in a greenhouse. Plants were irrigated weekly …

Impact Of Low And Moderate Salinity Water On Plant Performance Of Leafy Vegetables In A Recirculating Nft System, Genhua Niu, Youping Sun, Joseph G. Masabni

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine the growth and mineral nutrition of four leafy vegetables in a nutrient film technique (NFT) system with water with low to moderate salinity. In Expt. 1, a nutrient solution was prepared using reverse osmosis (RO) water and treatments consisted of supplementing with RO water, tap water, or nutrient solution. In Expt. 2, nutrient solution was prepared using three different water sources (treatments), namely, RO water, tap water, or tap water, plus sodium chloride (NaCl), and supplementing solution was prepared using the same three water sources at one third strength. For both of the …

Evaluation And Association Analysis Of Cowpea Salt Tolerance, Waltram Second Ravelombola

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] (2n=2x=22) is a leguminous crop providing inexpensive protein for human consumption that can be grown worldwide. Salinity is one of the major threats to cowpea production, particularly in semi-arid regions of Africa. Salinity significantly affects seed germination and decreases pod yield in cowpea. However, little has been done to provide farmers salt-tolerant cowpea cultivars. Knowledge on the genetics of cowpea salt tolerance is very limited. This study aimed to:(1) evaluate cowpea salt tolerance at germination stage, (2) evaluate cowpea salt tolerance at seedling stage, (3) conduct an association study for cowpea salt tolerance at germination …

Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping, Genome-Wide Association Analysis, And Gene Expression Of Salt Tolerance In Soybean, Ailan Zeng

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Salt stress is a common abiotic stress causing yield reduction in soybean. There are differential responses, namely tolerance (excluder) and intolerance (includer), among soybean germplasm. However, the genetic and physiological mechanism for salt tolerance is not clear. Identification of novel QTL for salt tolerance and genes that are differentially expressed under salt stress would help elucidate the salt tolerance mechanism and facilitate the development of salt tolerant cultivars through marker assisted selection (MAS). The objectives of this study were to identify new QTL or genes responsible for salt tolerance using three approaches: QTL mapping, association analysis, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). …

Quantitative Trait Loci (Qtl) For Salt Tolerance In Soybean And Physiological Response To Salt Stress During Early Growth Stage, Cindy Massiel Lopez Ramirez

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soybean is a major cash crop used as a source of high–quality protein and oil. Salt stress is one of the main abiotic stresses causing significant yield losses in soybean, which is considered a moderately salt–sensitive crop. Breeding selection is a promising strategy to improve salt tolerance as soybean germplasm display wide variation in response to salinity stress. However, the physiological and genetic mechanisms for salt tolerance are not quite clear. The discovery of novel QTL/genes associated with salt tolerance facilitates the development of tolerant cultivars through marker-assisted selection (MAS). The objectives of this study were: 1) identify/confirm QTL associated …

Salt Tolerance Of Forage Kochia, Gardner's Saltbush, And Halogeton: Studies In Hydroponic Culture, Joseph Sagers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Halogeton (Halogeton glomeratus) is a halophytic, invasive species that displaces Gardner’s saltbush (Atriplex gardneri) on saline rangelands. Forage kochia (Bassia prostrata) is a potential species to rehabilitate these ecosystems. This study compared the salinity tolerance of these species and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Plants were evaluated for 28 days in hydroponics where they were maintained at 0, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, and 800 mM NaCl. Shoot growth and ion accumulation were determined. Alfalfa and tall wheatgrass were severely affected by salt with both species’ shoot …

Promotive Effect Of Exogenously Applied Thiourea On Key Physiological Parametersand Oxidative Defense Mechanism In Salt-Stressed Zea Mays L. Plants, Cengi̇z Kaya, Muhammad Ashraf, Osman Sönmez

Turkish Journal of Botany

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the alleviating role of thiourea (TU) on antioxidants and some vital physiological attributes in salt-stressed plants of two maize cultivars. The maize cv. DK 5783 performed better than cv. Apex 836 in an initial experiment. Of the six TU levels used in the initial experiment, 400 and 500 mg L-1 were chosen for subsequent studies. The two cultivars were subjected to saline stress (100 mM NaCl) and two levels of TU were applied presowing or as foliage spray. Salt stress suppressed total biomass, maximum fluorescence yield (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll, and leaf water potential ($\Psi$w), …

Genome-Wide Association Mapping Identifies Qtls And Candidate Genes For Salt Tolerance In Soybean, Lei Huang

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Salinity is a common abiotic stress causing soybean yield loss worldwide. Use of tolerant cultivars is an effective and economic approach to coping with this stress. Toward this, research is needed to identify salt-tolerant germplasm and better understand the genetic and molecular basis of salt tolerance in soybean. The objectives of this study were to identify salt-tolerant genotypes, to search for SNPs and QTLs associated with salt tolerance, and to identify candidate salt tolerance genes. A total of 192 diverse soybean lines and cultivars were screened for salt tolerance in the greenhouse based on visual leaf scorch scores after 15 …