Life Sciences Commons^™

The Expression Of Rhizomes In Lotus Corniculatus L., P R. Beuselinck

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Broadleaf birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) is a popular crosspollinated, perennial legume cultivated for pasture, or hay and silage production. It does not cause bloat and can be managed to reseed to maintain stands, but significant losses occur when stands decline from disease. Wild birdsfoot trefoil with underground rhizomes was discovered in Morocco. This paper describes research to: 1) compare the morphology and anatomy of rhizomes with aerial stems, 2) determine if rhizomes could be successfully transferred to domesticated germplasm, and 3) determine the inheritance of rhizomes. Morphological and anatomical differences between rhizomes and aerial shoots of five accessions …

Inheritability Of Ciprofloxacin-Induced Mitochondrial Mutations From Parental To Offspring Generation Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rose Mccoy

Honors Theses

In all eukaryotes, mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell (Siekevitz, 1957). In plants, however, their mitochondrial genome is especially strange. Plant mitochondrial genomes are extremely large and contain both linear and circular subgenomic DNA fragments. Plant mitochondrial genomes undergo a significant amount of mutations in the form of rearrangements. However, it is not known how often these rearrangements are inherited by the next generation. It is thought that plant cells that are still dividing have higher rates of DNA repair, such as double-strand break repair, to ensure the quality of that plant lineage. As follows, it is …

Patterns Of Inheritance Of Acylsugar Acyl Groups In Selected Interspecific Hybrids Of Genus Nicotiana, Antoaneta B. Mihaylova-Kroumova, Ivan Artiouchine, Victor D. Korenkov, George J. Wagner

Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Faculty Publications

Glandular trichomes on the surface of Solanaceae species produce acyl sugars that are species-, and cultivar-specific. Acyl sugars are known to possess insecticidal, antibiotic, and hormone-like properties, and as such have great potential as a class of naturally occurring pesticides and antibiotics. The objective of this work was to analyze the acyl composition of acyl sugars in the leaf trichome exudate from selected Nicotiana species and to follow the inheritance of acyl content in their hybrids. Trichome exudates were collected, and the acyl profiles of acyl sugars were identified via GC–MS. The variations in acyl group inheritance in the hybrids …

Quantifying The Economic Value Of Evidence-Based Animal Selection On The Inner Mongolian Desert Steppe, Taro Takahashi, Zhiguo Li, Zhongwu Wang, Guodong Han, Karl Behrendt, David R. Kemp

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Inner Mongolian desert steppe in northwestern China suffers from significant grassland degradation, causing a decrease in producers' income as well as negative off-site impacts (Kemp et al., 2013). Recent studies attribute this problem to a sudden increase in the stocking rate over the last half century, and thus development of an alternative farming system to reduce the animal number is urgently needed (Wang et al., 2011). Scientific experiments and modelling analyses have shown the potential of innovative systems that could deliver a "win-win" solution to local producers and environment (Li et al., 2015). However, the uptake of …

Inheritance Of Single Copy Nuclear Genes (Scngs) In Artificial Hybrids Of Hesperocyparis Arizonica X H. Macrocarpa: Potential For Utilization In The Detection Of Hybridization In Natural Populations, Robert P. Adams, Sam T. Johnson, Mark Miller, Charles Low, Andrea E. Schwarzbach

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Analyses were performed on 18 artificial hybrids from a cross of Hesperocyparis arizonica (male parent) x H. macrocarpa (female parent) using 9 single copy nuclear genes (SCNGs). Three SCNG were found to be informative: myb, 4CL and CnAIB2. Gene myb contained 5 variable sites, of which site 89 was homozygous (CC, TT) as was site 261 (GG, AA) and useful for the detection of hybridization. All 18 hybrids were heterozygous (CT and GA) at these 2 sites as predicted in hybrids. 4CL contained 8 variable sites, of which 1 site (591) was homozygous (TT, CC) and all 18 hybrids were …

Variability, Inheritance Of Fiber Length In 4-5 Specific And Backcross Hybrids, Tolerance Of Cotton Hybrids To Bollworm In Depending Of The Level Of Gossypol, Sayfulla Boboyev, Fakhriddin Kushanov, Ikrom Amanturdiev, Gulnoza Akhmedjanova

Bulletin of National University of Uzbekistan: Mathematics and Natural Sciences

In this paper presents data of researches about fiber length in the 4-5 species. The largest number of plants with the indicated analyzed trait in hybrid combinations, obtained with the participation of the Omad variety, appeared with a number of variations in fiber length at 35.0-36.0 mm and above. Investigation of 4-species hybrids of F2 and back cross hybridization allowed some improvement in the average value of trait when compared with F1. Despite the emergence of transgressive plants with fiber length 36.1-37.0 mm and above, the average trait of composite 5 species hybrids F2 remained almost at the level of …

Inheritance, Differential Expression, And Candidate Gene Analyses For Avr2 In Phytophthora Sojae, Chelsea S. Ishmael

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Phytophthora sojae is an oomycete responsible for seed, root and stem rot of soybean plants. Managing this disease relies on growing soybean cultivars with race-specific resistance (Rps) genes that deliver complete host immunity in the presence of corresponding pathogen avirulence (Avr) effector proteins. The aims of this study were to characterize virulence towards Rps2 among different P. sojae strains, track the inheritance of this trait, and attempt to identify an Avr2 gene. Fifteen P. sojae strains were tested for virulence towards Rps2 and crosses were performed between selected virulent and avirulent strains to follow the inheritance of virulence. …

Evaluation Of The Waxy Endosperm Trait In Proso Millet (Panicum Miliaceum), Robert A. Graybosch, D. D. Baltensperger

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The entire USDA-ARS maintained collection of 650 accessions of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was evaluated for the presence of accessions with waxy (amylose-free) endosperm starch. Six accessions, five of which derived from mainland China, were identified. Segregation ratios for waxy endosperm were evaluated in F₂ and F₃ populations derived from crosses between two waxy accessions, PI 436625 (Lung Shu 16) and PI 436626 (Lung Shu 18), and several wildtype accessions. The waxy trait was found to be under the control of duplicate recessive alleles at two loci, herein designated wx-1 and wx-2. Wild-type alleles at …

Crop Updates 2007 - Lupins, Pulses And Oilseeds, Mark Seymour, Jacinta Falconer, Ian Pritchard, Rodger Beermier, Wayne Parker, Martin Harries, Kedar Adhikari, Geoff Thomas, Peter White, Bevan Burichell, Mike Baker, Bob French, Jo Walker, Laurie Maiolo, Leigh Smith, Mark Sweetingham, Lorne Mills, Harmohinder Dhammu, Ben Tang, Qifu Ma, Zed Rengel, Bill Bowden, Ross Brennan, Reg Lunt, Tim Hilder, Tim Maling, A. Diggle, D. Thackray, R. A.C. Jones, K. H.M. Siddique, Vijay Jayasena, Leonardus Kardono, Ken Quail, Ranil Coorey, Hannah Williams, Don Elani Jayawardena, Kerry Regan, Rod Hunter, Tanveer Khan, Jenny Garlinge, Heather Clarke, W. Macleod, S. Morgan, A. Harris, Alan Meldrum, Helen Bowers, A. Bakr, Phillip Chambers, Chris Veitch, Tony Leonforte, Pam Burgess, Leanne Young, Brenda Coutts, Donna O'Keefe, Rhonda Pearce, Monica Kehoe, Terri Jasper, Tim Pope, Michael Materne, Ping Si, Mike Walsh, H. H. T. Phan, S. R. Ellwood, J. Hane, A. Williams, R. Ford, S. Thomas, R. Oliver, Katie Robinson, Mohammad Amjad, Graham Walton, Pat Fels, Andy Sutherland, Imma Farre, Michael Robertson, Senthold Asseng3, Ravjit Khangura, Moin Salam

Crop Updates

This session covers forty eight papers from different authors:

2006 REGIONAL ROUNDUP

1. South east agricultural region, Mark Seymour¹ and Jacinta Falconer², ¹Department of Agriculture and Food, ²Cooperative Bulk Handling Group

2. Central agricultural region, Ian Pritchard, Department of Agriculture and Food

3. Great Southern and Lakes region, Rodger Beermier, Department of Agriculture and Food

4. Northern agricultural region, Wayne Parker and Martin Harries, Department of Agriculture and Food

LUPINS

5. Development of anthracnose resistant and early flowering albus lupins (Lupinus albus L) in Western Australia, Kedar Adhikari and Geoff Thomas, Department of …

Crop Updates 2000 - Lupins, Bill O'Neill, Geoff Thomas, Mark Sweetinham, Kedar Adhikari, Nick Galwey, Miles Dracup, Bob French, Debbie Thackray, Jenny Hawkes, Roger Jones, Françoise Berlandier, Yvonne Cheng, Lisa Smith, Chris Gazey, Michael O'Connell, Peter Carlton, John R. Peirce, Brad J. Rayner, Terry Piper, Peter Newman, Cameron Weeks, Mohammad Amjad, Glen Riethmuller, Paul Blackwell, Jairo A. Palta, Neil C. Turner, Robert J. French, Tim Setter

Crop Updates

This session covers nineteen papers from different authors:

1.1999 Lupin Highlights, Bill O’Neill, LUPIN PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENTS AND INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT

LUPIN ANTHRACNOSE

2. Anthracnose – 1999/2000, Geoff Thomas and Mark Sweetingham, Agriculture Western Australia

LUPIN BREEDING AND AGRONOMY

3. The genetic control of mildly restricted branching in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus augustifolius L), Kedar Adhikari^1,3, Nick Galwey^1,3 and Miles Dracup^2,3 1Plant Sciences, University of Western Australia 2Agriculture Western Australia ³Cooperative Research Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, University of Western Australia

4. Genotype x time of sowing interaction in lupins – Mingenew, Bob French, …

Linkage And Inheritance Studies Involving An Annual Pollen Restorer And Other Genetic Characters In Beta Vulgaris L., Theron E. Roundy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A pollen-restorer sugarbeet inbred, developed by four generations of selection of highly fertile plants from a CMS X table beet cross, was studied to determine if a change from sterile to fertile cytoplasm had occurred. Data showed that the fertility expressed by the restorer inbred was the result of genetic factors and not cytoplasmic reversion. Linkage tests with the R^f gene showed independence of the YRB group, m and vi₄. A yellow-leaf mutant was inherited as a simple recessive factor. A partial pollen-restorer character, found in the yellow-leaf material, was inherited as a single dominant gene. The …

An Inheritance And Linkage Study Of Barley With Special Emphasis On Purple Pigmentation Of The Auricle, Devon Lyle Doney

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

New and better adapted varieties of crop plants have resulted from the application of the principles of genetics. Fundamental research in the field of barley genetics has helped the plant breeder in developing better varieties for specific uses and adaptability.

Barley is one of the best cultivated crop plants for making genetic studies. It has a wide range of adaptability, exhibits a host of contrasting genetic characters, is a simple diploid with only seven pairs of chromosomes, and all the cultivated species are inter-fertile.

The mode of inheritance of nearly 200 characters has been studied, many of whose genes have …

An Inheritance And Linkage Study Of 19 Factor Pairs In Barley, Francis Cheney Lebaron

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Barley, during the past three decades, has been used considerably for the study of linkage groups and character inheritance. The commercial varieties are diploids, having seven pairs of chromosomes. Six linkage groups have been established. According to studies on interchange by Kramer et al. (1954), two linkage groups, formerly designated as III and VII, may be separate arms of the same chromosome. They are now generally considered as one linkage group.

Though more than two hundred characters have been investigated, less than sixty have been assigned relative positions on genetic maps. In many cases, selection for good characters is …

Linkage And Inheritance Studies In Barley (Hordeum), Robert E. Heiner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Barley has had wide acceptance not only as a cultivated crop but also as an excellent source of genetic material. Barley was being used in inheritance studies by Tschermak when he rediscovered Mendel's laws of heredity. Since then barley has become one of the most widely used plants for genetic studies known today.

More than 100 characters have been investigated indicating the relative ease of classification. There are 7 linkage groups corresponding to the 7 chromosomes in which 2 or more characters have been located as reported by Robertson (1939). But Kramer, Veyl, and Hanson (1954), from translocation experiments, suggest …

Inheritance Of Ten Characters In Barley Crosses, Hazim Ahmed Al-Jibouri

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Inheritance of many characters in barley has been studied, and two or more genes have been located in each of the seven pairs of chromosomes. Studies of the mode of inheritance of these characters will aid plant breeders materially in working with plants of diverse genetic make-up. Hybridization followed by selection and testing can improve present varieties by replacing them with new ones having more desirable characters.

Barley (Hordeum sp.) is one of the few species of plants widely distributed which is well adapted to genetical analysis. This plant has a lower number of chromosomes, complete self fertility, and a …

Inheritance Of Sterility, Flower Color, Spinelessness, Attached Pappus And Rust Resistance In Safflower, Carthamus Tinctorius, Carl E. Claassen

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Since literature pertaining to breeding and inheritance in safflower was found to be very limited, fundamental research was instituted to determine: (A) a method for making controlled crosses, (B) the amount of natural crossing that occurs, (C) the association of oil content of seed with other seed and plant characteristics, and (D) the mode of inheritance of sterility, flower color, spinelessness, attached pappus and rust resistance. Results on natural and controlled crossing in safflower and the association of oil content in seed with other plant and seed characteristics have been reported. It is the purpose of this bulletin to report …

Inheritance Of 16 Barley Characters And Their Linkage Relationships, Tejpal Singh Gill

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The assignment of genetic factors to definite loci in the hereditary mechanism has been a great step in the progress of biology. Of the cereal crops, barley (Hordeum sp.), a crop of economic importance, offers a superior opportunity for genetic studies. Its adaptation to wide varieties of conditions, with a wealth of easily differentiated characters and only seven pairs of chromosomes, the barley plant provides excellent material for linkage studies.

Although there is a vast amount of literature dealing with inheritance in barley, yet knowledge of the subject is still very limited. The mode of inheritance of about one hundred …

Inheritance Of Resistance To Races Of Covered Smut, Awns, And Chaff Color In A Wheat Cross, Nazar Singh Dhesi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Wheat is the most important cereal crop in the world. It is the principal staple food in Russia, United States, China, Canada, India and a number of other countries.

Covered smut is one of the most serious disease of wheat all over the world. According to Woolman and Humphrey (82) it was known from very early times and is referred to by Theoprastus and other early Greek Roman writers.

Inheritance Of Resistance To Six Races Of Bunt, To Awns And Kernel Color In A Wheat Cross, Marr D. Simons

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Wheat is the most important cereal crop of the world, and one of the most serious diseases affecting it over much of its range is covered smut or bunt (57). The word "bunt", according to Heald (48), is a contraction of an old English term, "burnt ear", which fittingly describes the ravages of covered smut.

Man's first knowledge of this disease is lost in antiquity, but it was first recorded by early Greek writers (97). Gaines (39), writing in 1928, stated that since 1924 stinking smut had been the most destructive parasite of wheat in America, causing losses of as …

Inheritance Studies In Stem Rust Of Wheat, Sayed Bad Shah

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Wheat is an important food crop of the world, especially in Soviet Russia, U.S.A., China, India and Pakistan. Over one billion bushels of wheat are produced annually in U.S.A. The total area under wheat production in Pakistan during 1947-48 was 10 million acres with an average yield of 12 bushels per acre.

The stem rust disease has been known for along time to be destructive to grain crops, even centuries before the Christian era. Rust is of major importance in both the U.S. and Pakistan. Jethro Tull recorded rust in England in 1725. In 1916, rust was serious over the …

Inheritance Of Resistance To Loose Smut (U. Tritici) In Certain Wheat Crosses, Bion Tolman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During recent years the principles of Mendelism have been used extensively in the production of the new types of plants possessing resistance to various diseases. Results of this mode of attacking the disease problem have been very favorable. Old varieties are gradually giving way to newer types equal to or exceeding in quality and productivity as well as possessing resistance to one or more diseases.

Loose smut (U. tritici) in wheat, while not as serious a problem in Utah as the covered smut (T. tritici), according to Tapke (14) has caused an average annual loss of between 50,000 and 100,000 …

Inheritance Of Glume And Kernel Color, Of Awnedness, And Of Spike Density In A Cross Between Ridit And Sevier Wheat, Leslie W. Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper is devoted principally to the presentation and discussion of the results obtained when certain contrasting characters were brought together in a wheat cross between Ridit and Sevier 59. this is one of the crosses made in an attempt to develop a wheat adapted to this region with the following desirable qualities: Bunt resistance, strong straw, hard kernels, and heavy yield. How near this ideal is approached in succeeding generations can be told only by extensive tests. The genetic study herein presented was made to hasten the time when some of the progeny of this cross may become of …

Inheritance In A Wheat Cross Of Ridit X Utac, C. Leland Dalley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Present-day plant breeding, on the foundation made many years ago, has achieved important scientific and economic results. By means of introductions and selections, superior strains such as Turkey and Kanred have been obtained. Through hybridization new combinations of characters result, combining desirable characters of different plant types in a single individual. In this program, wheat hybridization has occupied a worthy place.

Each year a number of wheat crosses are made at the Utah Experiment Station, the main purpose of which is to develop superior strains of wheat. Such an economic program is aided and hastened by studies in genetic behavior. …

Correlated Inheritance In A Cross Of F 22 X Dicklow Wheat, R. Kenneth Bischoff

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper reports a study of the inheritance and of the correlated inheritance in certain observed and measured plant characters in a cross between a hybrid from Dicklow x sevier, (F22) and a pure line from Dicklow, (D#3), one of the original parents of F 22.

Inheritance Of Awns In A Cross Between Hard Federation And Kota Wheats, B. Ira Judd

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During the past few years there have been numerous studies made of various characters in wheat. Some characters which were thought at first to be simple in inheritance have since been found to be rather complex.

The data in the following pages are the results of an investigation made to study the inheritance of awns in a cross between Hard Federation and Kota varieties of wheat.

Correlated Inheritance In Wheat, George Stewart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Since the rediscovery of Mendel's law in 1900, there have been many studies of inheritance in wheat. Of these rather numerous investigations, however, only a few have consisted of correlated studies of various characters on the same plant.

Inheritance of awns and of spike density have received some attention but the studies have hardly more than indicated the problem. Both have been thought by some to be rather simple in their inheritance, and in some crosses without doubt such is the case, but lately there has come a recognition of considerable complexity.

Density. As here used, "density" refers to …

A Study Of Size Inheritance In Wheat, Peter Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The results presented in this paper are from data accumulated by a study of the F3 generation of a cross between the two varieties, Sevier and New Zealand wheat. This cross was made during the summer of 1920 by Professor George Stewart with the object of combining the high-yielding power of Sevier with the strong straw of New Zealand. In the fall of 1922 the problem was assigned to me, at which time I selected about 150 superior plants, possessing the desired characteristics, at least so far as appearance was concerned. Since then these plants and the F3 generation have …

Inheritance Of Chaff Color, Head Shape, And Grain Texture In Wheat, Delmar C. Tingey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The data presented in this thesis are the results obtained from a study of the F₂ and F₃ generations from a cross between the wheat varieties, Dicklow and Hard Federation. Toward the end of the summer of 1922 this problem was assigned to me by Professor George Stewart. The plants then growing in the field were in the F₂ generation, the cross having been made in 1920 by Professor Stewart. The chief purpose of the cross was to improve the grain quality of spring-irrigated wheat by the application of Mendelian principles in such a way as to …

Qualitative Mendelian Inheritance In Wheat Hybrids, Aaron F. Bracken

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two methods of crop improvement are open to the plant breeder. Pure-line selection, which might be mentioned first, deals with the natural variability in plant populations. Thru selection, isolation, and comparative yield tests superior individuals are located. Nothing, however, can be added which the plant does not already have. Here hybridization provides a new starting point. Increased variation, new combination of characters, and thus greater opportunities are provided for improvement. The present investigation has for its purpose a study of the latter phase of this subject.

In certain parts of Utah the straw from dry-land wheat is used for feeding …

Inheritance Studies In Kanred X Martin And In G-149 X Ridit, Myron T. Hansen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The studies here reported involve two crosses, one of which was between a pure line of Kanred and a pure line of Martin from a bunt resistant selection. The other was between a pure line of G-149, a rust-resistant segregate from Sevier x Dicklow, and a pure line of Ridit. These were both economic breeding projects made in an effort to combine the good commercial qualities of Kanred and G-149 with the high bunt resistance of Martin and Ridit, respectively.

These crosses also furnished, as a by-product, some good genetic data, as in each cross one parent was fully awned …