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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Soil Enzyme Activities As Bio Indicators Of Soil Ph And Fertility In Temperate Grassland, Iker Mijangos, A. Ibarra, Isabel Albizu, Sorkunde Mendarte, Carlos Garbisu
Soil Enzyme Activities As Bio Indicators Of Soil Ph And Fertility In Temperate Grassland, Iker Mijangos, A. Ibarra, Isabel Albizu, Sorkunde Mendarte, Carlos Garbisu
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In recent years, biological indicators are being used to estimate the continued capacity of a given soil to function (i.e., soil health). After all, biological processes are intimately linked with the maintenance of soil structure and fertility, being more sensitive to changes in the soil than conventional physicochemical parameters. Soil enzymes, as mediators and catalysts of vital soil functions, offer great potential as integrative indicators of soil health (Dick et al., 1996). The main aim of the current work was to study the potential of soil enzyme activities as biological (more precisely, biochemical) indicators of soil physicochemical …
Effect Of Ferulic Acid Esterase Enzyme Application On The In Vitro Digestibility And In Situ Rumen Degradability Of Tropical Grasses, Adegbola T. Adesogan, N. Krueger, C. R. Staples, D. B. Dean, W. Krueger
Effect Of Ferulic Acid Esterase Enzyme Application On The In Vitro Digestibility And In Situ Rumen Degradability Of Tropical Grasses, Adegbola T. Adesogan, N. Krueger, C. R. Staples, D. B. Dean, W. Krueger
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Tropical grasses are the primary staple diet of most of the domesticated ruminants in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. However, dry matter (DM) digestibility (DMD) and intake levels of these C4 grasses are considerably low, partly because of high lignin contents. Ferulic acid also impedes fibre digestion in such forages due to formation of cross linkages with digestible xylans. Certain esterase enzymes have been shown to cleave ferulic acid cross linkages in wheat bran but no studies have examined whether such enzymes can be used to increase the digestion of tropical grasses. Therefore, the objective of …
Exploring Bioprocessing Technologies For Diverse Industrial Application Of Canola, Ahmad Fawzi N Alhomodi
Exploring Bioprocessing Technologies For Diverse Industrial Application Of Canola, Ahmad Fawzi N Alhomodi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Globally, canola is the second largest oilseed crop after soybean, which is processed for the commercial production of high value oil. The industrial processing steps for canola oil extraction include preprocessing (cleaning, pressing, flaking, and cooking), mechanical pressing, and/or organic solvents. This process results in large quantities of protein-rich (~ 40% dry basis) meal as a co-product. The meal is used partially in animal diet (<30% inclusion) due to high levels of antinutritional factors (ANFs) such as high fibers, phytic acid, and glucosinolates, and low metabolizable energy. Thus, this research was designed to examine various bioprocessing technologies (i.e., traditional sprouting, solid state fermentation, submerged state fermentation, co-culture fermentation, mild pretreatments, and their combinations) for possible advancement in canola use. Canola seed sprouting for 6-day period led to an increase in protein content and a reduction in ANFs and oil content of sprouts compared to ungerminated seed. Subsequent submerged state fermentation of 6- day old sprouts using three different strains (Aureobasidium pullulans, Trichoderma reesei and Neurospora crassa) further increased protein content and lowered ANFs. Solid-state fermentation of 144 h old sprouts using A. pullulans, N. crassa and T. reesei enhanced the protein content and reduced ANFs of sprouts. Sprouting canola seed for three days helped in hull removal, leading to high protein meal accompanied by low fiber and phytic acid level. Three-day seed sprouting had no effect on oil yield, but free fatty acid content was higher compared to seed oil. Co-culture fermentation of HECM under solid state process showed maximum reduction in fiber content with co-culture of A. pullulans and N. crassa while a combination of A. pullulans and T. reesei promoted the highest GLS and phytic acid reductions compared to other combinations, which indicated the advantage of coculture inoculation over monoculture in terms of ANFs reduction. Mild pretreatment of HECM using deionized water resulted in washed HECM (WHECM) with lower soluble sugars and GLS compared to untreated HECM, whereas protein and amino acid were concentrated due to the removal of soluble components. WHECM compared to HECM showed higher protein digestibility when fed to rainbow trout. Subsequent mono- and coculture fermentation of HECM and WHECM under submerged process resulted in higher protein and amino acid content and lower ANFs levels compared to uninoculated controls. The results of cellulase, endoglucanase and β-glucosidase activity indicated the crucial role of used substrates, fungi, fermentation modes (solid state/submerged stated) and inoculation methods (mono-/co-culture) on enzyme activities.
Effects Of Different Additives On Silage Quality Of Napiergrass, Y. K. Cheng, C. S. Chen, P. W. Peng
Effects Of Different Additives On Silage Quality Of Napiergrass, Y. K. Cheng, C. S. Chen, P. W. Peng
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of different additives on silage quality of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum). The cultivar of TLG2 with high water soluble carbohydrates was used to making silages added with or without 5 and 10% corn meal or wheat bran, and then treated with or without enzyme. Crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrates and volatile fatty acid contents of silage were determined to evaluate silage quality. From the results, it showed that var.TLG2 could be making good silages without any additives but the dry matter was low. Adding …
Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Physiological Quality And Germination Of Aged Pumpkin Seeds Under Drought Stress Condition [Research Note], Hossein Reza Rouhi, Mohammad Hasan Vafaei, Maryam Saman, Ali Abbasi Surki
Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Physiological Quality And Germination Of Aged Pumpkin Seeds Under Drought Stress Condition [Research Note], Hossein Reza Rouhi, Mohammad Hasan Vafaei, Maryam Saman, Ali Abbasi Surki
The Philippine Agricultural Scientist
The physiological quality of seeds decreases during their storage under unfavourable conditions. These deteriorated seeds exhibit a poorer performance, especially under stress conditions. A factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of H2O2 on the germination of aged pumpkin seeds under drought stress. Hydroprimed seeds and also the seeds pre-treated with 100, 200, and 400 μM H2O2 were exposed to drought (0, -0.2, -0.4, and -0.6 MPa applied using PEG). Under drought conditions, seeds primed with H2O2 showed improved germination percentages and rates, higher vigour index, greater plumule and radicle …
Soil Chemistry And Enzyme Data Examining Impacts Of Callery Pear Stem Cutting, Michaela J. Woods, Grace K. Attea, Ryan W. Mcewan
Soil Chemistry And Enzyme Data Examining Impacts Of Callery Pear Stem Cutting, Michaela J. Woods, Grace K. Attea, Ryan W. Mcewan
Five Rivers MetroParks Collaboration Data Archive
This dataset encompasses information following the collection of soil from underneath cut and treated Callery pear stems and untreated Callery pear trees. Soil was assessed for moisture, pH, and enzyme activities.
Effects Of Different Enzyme Combination And Dissociation‐Time On The Protoplast Isolation Of Alfalfa, Aiping Chen, Yupeng Luo, Run Yan, Bo Zhang
Effects Of Different Enzyme Combination And Dissociation‐Time On The Protoplast Isolation Of Alfalfa, Aiping Chen, Yupeng Luo, Run Yan, Bo Zhang
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
No abstract provided.
Influence Of Loss Of Function Of The Fatty Acid Desaturase 7 Gene On Photosynthetic Activity And Foliar Redox Status, Janithri Savindya Wickramanayake
Influence Of Loss Of Function Of The Fatty Acid Desaturase 7 Gene On Photosynthetic Activity And Foliar Redox Status, Janithri Savindya Wickramanayake
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Fatty Acid Desaturase7 (FAD7) is a chloroplast-localized enzyme that converts 16 and 18 carbon dienoic fatty acids to trienoic fatty acids. The suppressor of prosystemin-mediated response2 (spr2) mutant in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and the fad7-1 mutant in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) result in the loss of function of FAD7, which alter the fatty acid profiles of chloroplast membranes and enhance resistance against aphids. This research contributes toward the long-term goal of identifying factors that determine aphid resistance in FAD7 mutants. Previous data suggested constitutive differences between spr2 and WT including increased expression of genes associated with photosynthesis and differences in redox …
Storage Of Round And Square Switchgrass Bales: Effect Of Storage Time And Fungal Inoculation On Saccharification Efficiency, Noaa Frederick
Storage Of Round And Square Switchgrass Bales: Effect Of Storage Time And Fungal Inoculation On Saccharification Efficiency, Noaa Frederick
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
To produce fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass feedstock, severe pretreatment conditions are needed (either high acid concentration, temperature, or retention times). High severities can produce toxic byproducts which inhibit enzymatic hydrolysis or fermentation. In order to reduce pretreatment severities (and thus increase enzyme and fermentation efficiency), the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreastus was seeded into square and round bales of Kanlow switchgrass (Panicum virgastum L.) and left in the field over a period of 9 month. The laccase producing fungus is believed to selectively degrade lignin, a common plant structural polymer, which can function as an enzymatic inhibitor. Samples were taken …
B. Braunii, Race B Gene For A Triterpene Methyltransferase Enzyme And Uses Thereof, Joe Chappell, Okada Shigeru, Scott Kinison, Tom Niehaus
B. Braunii, Race B Gene For A Triterpene Methyltransferase Enzyme And Uses Thereof, Joe Chappell, Okada Shigeru, Scott Kinison, Tom Niehaus
Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents
Provided is an isolated polypeptide having triterpene methyltransferase activity. Also provided is an isolated nucleic acid molecule that encodes the triterpene methyltransferase polypeptides; a vector comprising the nucleic acid molecules that encode the triterpene methyltransferase polypeptides; and a host cell(s) transfected with the aforementioned nucleic acid molecule or vector. In another aspect, a method of producing a methylated triterpene is provided. The method comprises providing a metabolizable carbon source to a host cell transfected with a nucleic acid molecule that encodes a triterpene methyltransferase under conditions sufficient for production of a methylated triterpene. The method optionally further comprises isolating the …
Protoplast Isolation In Lupin ( Lupinus Mutabilis Sweet): Determination Of Optimum Explant Sources And Isolation Conditions, Mehmet Babaoğlu
Protoplast Isolation In Lupin ( Lupinus Mutabilis Sweet): Determination Of Optimum Explant Sources And Isolation Conditions, Mehmet Babaoğlu
Turkish Journal of Botany
Effects of cultural factors on the yield, viability and division of protoplasts were investigated in Lupinus mutabilis Sweet containing a high protein content as well as a reasonable oil content which may make this species an alternative crop to soybean in Turkey. Explants from different in vitro seedling parts were evaluated on the suitability of protoplast isolation and viability. Leaf mesophyll was the most suitable tissue as a protoplast source. Pectinases as well as cellulases were essential for the isolation of protoplasts. Nine percent (w/v) mannitol was suitable to stabilise osmotic pressure together with low salt concentrations in washing and …
Physiological Basis For Differential Sensitivities Of Plant Species To Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibiting Herbicides, Timothy D. Sherman, José M. Becerril, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Mary V. Duke, Judy M. Jacobs, Nicholas J. Jacobs, Stephen O. Duke
Physiological Basis For Differential Sensitivities Of Plant Species To Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibiting Herbicides, Timothy D. Sherman, José M. Becerril, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Mary V. Duke, Judy M. Jacobs, Nicholas J. Jacobs, Stephen O. Duke
Dartmouth Scholarship
With a leaf disc assay, 11 species were tested for effects of the herbicide acifluorfen on porphyrin accumulation in darkness and subsequent electrolyte leakage and photobleaching of chlorophyll after exposure to light. Protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX) was the only porphyrin that was substantially increased by the herbicide in any of the species. However, there was a wide range in the amount of Proto IX accumulation caused by 0.1 millimolar acifluorfen between species. Within species, there was a reduced effect of the herbicide in older tissues. Therefore, direct quantitative comparisons between species are difficult. Nevertheless, when data from different species and …