Life Sciences Commons^™

Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 1998, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1998 annual progress report for the Northeast Research Station in Watertown, South Dakota. This report is issued by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the South Dakota State University Plant Science Department. This report includes information on the 1998 crop season, including: precipitation summary, small grain , corn, and soybean performance trials, flax and canola variety trials, spring and winter wheat breeding , soybean row space/population studies, performance of corn hybrids, corn yields, rotation studies and fungicide test.

Rhodospirillum Rubrum Poly-Β-Hydroxyalkanoate Synthase, Thomas E. Clemente, Ganish M. Kishore, Timothy A. Mitsky, David M. Stark

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications

Isolated DNA fragments encoding a Rhodospirillum rubrum (ATCC 25903) polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase, or biologically functional equivalents thereof, are provided. Also provided is the deduced amino acid sequence of the R. rubrum PHA synthase. These molecules are useful in the production of PHAs in bacteria and plants.

Central Crops And Soils Research Station Highmore, South Dakota: Annual Progress Report, 1998, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This report of the Central Crops and Soils Research Station at Highmore, South Dakota is a progress report and, therefore, the results presented are not necessarily complete nor conclusive. Any interpretation given is tentative because additional data from continuation of these experiments may produce conclusions different from those of any one year. The data presented in this report reflect the 1998 growing season.

Promotor (Flt) For The Full-Length Transcript Of Peanut Chlorotic Streak Caulimovirus (Pclsv) And Expression Of Chimeric Genes In Plants, Indu B. Maiti, Robert J. Shepherd

Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Faculty Patents

The isolation, modification and use of wild-type and modified viral FLt promoters of peanut chlorotic streak caulimovirus (PClSV) in the expression of chimeric genes in plant cells. The FLt promoter from PClSV has been modified to have duplicated enhancer domains.

Sp277-F-Azalea Leaf And Flower Gall, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Home Garden, Lawn, and Landscape

Leaf and flower galls are commonly found on many flowering woody hosts, most often on azalea and camellia. This disease occurs on plants in the Ericaceae or heath family, as well as on some species in the Empetraceae, Lauraceae, Symplocaceae and Theaceae families; including andromeda, arbutus, azalea, blueberry, camellia, huckleberry, Labrador tea, leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata), leucothoe, kalmia (mountain laurel) and rhododendron. Azalea leaf and flower gall, caused by the fungus Exobasidium vaccinii can occur on woody ornamentals growing outdoors in landscape plantings and in greenhouses. Disease is more common on plants growing in humid, sheltered areas with little …

Bulletin No. 36: Amphibians And Reptiles Of The Connecticut College Arboretum, Jill Devito, Joseph Markow

Bulletins

No abstract provided.

Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 1998, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This thirty-eighth annual report of the research program at the Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm has special significance for those engaged in agriculture and the agriculturally related businesses in the nine county area of southeast South Dakota. Reports in this document include information on: temperatures and precipitation data, corn production and performance, soybean research and planting, soil testing, alfalfa yield test, fertilizer testing, herbicide research, crop rotation, sorghum, small grains, livestock research, and pest and weed control.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 30, No.4 December 1998

The Prairie Naturalist

FISH COMMUNITY AND WATER QUALITY CHANGES IN THE BIG SIOUX RIVER ▪ D. Dieterman, and C. R. Berry, Jr.

EFFECTS OF PARASITOIDS AND COMPETITION ON CLUTCH SIZE OF A GALLING MIDGE ▪ D. J. Kinateder and S. J. Stein

RESPONSE OF BREEDING SEASON BLUE-WINGED TEAL TO DECOY TRAPPING ▪ P. R. Garrettson

COMPARISON OF POINT-COUNT AND WADE-FLUSH METHODS FOR COUNTING DUCKS ▪ G. M. Linz, C. P McMurl, H. J. Homan, and D. L. Bergman

Reviewers 1998

Author Index - Volume 30

Subject Index - Volume 30

Announcements

Forage News [1998-12], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Kentucky Hosts AFGC Board
• Forages at KCA
• Hay Testing is Best Bargain
• Historic Meeting is Approaching
• Monthly Alfalfa Hay Quality Awards to be Announced at Cave City
• Hard Seed in Alfalfa
• Forage Dependability
• 19^th Alfalfa Conference - March 4, 1999
• Upcoming Events

Scales 2: Computer Program To Convert Among Developmental Stage Scales For Corn And Small Grains, Dorothy M. Harrell, Wallace Wilhelm, Gregory S. Mcmaster

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Producers and agronomists need crop developmental scales that are easy to use, universally accepted, and accurate. Development of such a scale requires correlation of stages among scales currently in use and correlation of developmental patterns among crops. A computer program for converting among staging systems is a useful tool in developing new staging systems with wider applicability. The BBCH scale (BASF-Bayer-Ciba-Geigy-Hoechst) has been proposed as a prototype of a universal scale. We have added the BBCH scale to our scale conversion program for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and developed a similar conversion program for corn (Zea mays L.), …

Comparison Of Water And Temperature Distribution Profiles Under Sand Tube Irrigation, Masoud Meshkat, Richard C. Warner, Stephen R. Workman

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Drip irrigation is one of the most efficient systems in delivering water to the plant root zone. Research has shown that the saturated, or nearly saturated, surface beneath the emitter may increase evaporation thereby reducing the irrigation efficiency. To increase the efficiency of surface applied drip irrigation on permanent tree crops a sand tube irrigation (STI) method was developed and tested. The sand tube method consists of removing a soil core beneath the emitter and filling the void with coarse sand. A weighing lysimeter was designed and instrumented to directly measure temporal evaporation during irrigation and for a period of …

Forage News [1998-11], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forage Conference a Success
• KFGC Award Winners
• Congratulations to Dr. Powell
• Landmark Event for Forages in Nebraska
• Hay Bales Don’t Always “Weigh-Up” to Expectations
• Minimize Losses in Hay Storage and Feeding
• Evening Grazing is More Efficient
• Roundup Ready Alfalfa?
• Endophyte in Perennial Ryegrass
• Preference by Ruminants Among Tall Fescue Cultivars
• Upcoming Events

Fecal Bacteria Survival And Infiltration Through A Shallow Agricultural Soil: Timing And Tillage Effects, C. S. Stoddard, Mark S. Coyne, John H. Grove

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Human and livestock exposure to fecal pathogens via contaminated surface or groundwater is an important water quality concern for soils receiving animal wastes. The effects of manure application timing (spring or fall application) and soil management (no-tillage or conservation tillage) on fecal bacteria infiltration through shallow karst soils in central Kentucky (the Bluegrass region) have not been evaluated. We performed a field experiment to measure fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci in leachate from dairy manure-amended no-tillage and conservation tillage soils. Manure significantly increased fecal bacteria in leachate compared with unmanured treatments. After manure application, the leachate that collected in zero-tension …

Comparisons Of Soil Physical Characteristics In Long-Term Tillage Winter Wheat-Fallow Tillage Experiments, L. N. Mielke, Wallace Wilhelm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Soil physical characteristics resulting from tillage of fallow-wheat (Triticurn aestivurn L.) cropping systems were compared for two soils in western Nebraska. The soil physical environment influences the amount of water entering soil and the microenvironment that influences soil biological processes important to plant response. Effects of tillage on physical properties varied with soil type and depth of soil tillage. Generally, the 0-76 mm surface layer has the largest number of physical properties that differ as a result of tillage; however, only a few properties differed at greater depths. The Alliance silt loam (fine silty, mixed, mesic, Aridic Arguistoll) soil …

Dry-Matter Partitioning And Leaf Area Of Winter Wheat Grown In A Long-Term Fallow Tillage Comparisons In The Us Central Great Plains, Wallace Wilhelm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Crop management practices (tillage, residue management, fertilization, etc.) define the soil environment to which crops are exposed and through these environmental conditions control crop growth. The purpose of this paper is to report the response of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to long-term (10 years) application of fallow tillage practices (plow, sub-till, and no-till) and N fertilization in terms of above- and below-ground dry-matter partitioning. During 1978, less winter wheat root tissue was produced in the sub-till treatment compared to the average of the plow and no-till treatments. However, in 1979, all treatments produced the same amount of root …

Evaluation Of Switchgrass Rhizosphere Microflora For Enhancing Seedling Yield And Nutrient Uptake, John J. Brejda, Lowell E. Moser, Kenneth P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Many rhizosphere microorganisms enhance nutrient uptake and plant growth, but their effectiveness can vary with host species and with genotype within species. This study evaluated the effectiveness of rhizosphere microflora indigenous to the rhizosphere of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) for enhancing seedling yield and nutrient uptake. Switchgrass roots and rhizosphere soil were collected from native prairies and seeded stands in Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, Virginia, and North Carolina. Seedlings of four switchgrass cultivars were inoculated with root fragments and rhizosphere soil from each collection, fertilized with a nutrient solution, and gown in steamed sand for 12 wk in a …

Field Scale Variability Of Nitrogen And Δ15n In Soil And Plants, D. E. Clay, J. Chang, S. A. Clay, M. Ellsbury, C. G. Carlson, D. D. Malo, D. Woodson, T. Desttur

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Understanding the factors that influence soil and plant nitrogen (N) spatial variability may improve our ability to develop management systems that maximize productivity and minimize environmental hazards. The objective of this study was to determine the field (65 ha) scale spatial variability of N and δ¹⁵N in soil and corn (Zea mays). Soil, grain, and stover samples were collected from grids that ranged in size from 30 by 30 m to 60 by 60 m. Plant samples, collected following physiological maturity in 1995, were analyzed for total N and δ¹⁵N. Soil samples, collected prior …

Signaling Via Camp In Fungi: Interconnections With Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways, James Kronstad, Adriana De Maria, Deanna Funnell, R. David Laidlaw, Nancy Lee, Mário Moniz De Sá, Marilee Ramesh

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The cAMP signal transduction pathway controls a wide variety of processes in fungi. For example, considerable progress has been made in describing the involvement of cAMP pathway components in the control of morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ustilago maydis, and Magnaporthe grisea. These morphological processes include the establishment of filamentous growth in S. cerevisiae and U. maydis, and the differentiation of an appressorial infection structure in M. grisea. The discovery that appressorium formation requires cAMP signaling provides an immediate connection to fungal virulence. This connection may have broader implications among fungal pathogens because recent work indicates …

The Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Tomato Hrpw Protein Has Domains Similar To Harpins And Pectate Lyases And Can Elicit The Plant Hypersensitive Response And Bind To Pectate, Amy O. Charkowski, James R. Alfano, Gail Preston, Jing Yuan, Sheng Yang He, Alan Collmer

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications

The host-specific plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae elicits the hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhost plants and secretes the HrpZ harpin in culture via the Hrp (type III) secretion system. Previous genetic evidence suggested the existence of another harpin gene in the P. syringae genome. hrpW was found in a region adjacent to the hrp cluster in P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. hrpW encodes a 42.9-kDa protein with domains resembling harpins and pectate lyases (Pels), respectively. HrpW has key properties of harpins. It is heat stable and glycine rich, lacks cysteine, is secreted by the Hrp system, and is able to elicit …

Pb1610-Flowering Bulbs, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Home Garden, Lawn, and Landscape

A wealth of spring-, summer- and fallflowering bulbs can be used to extend the garden floral display from early spring until late fall. Some of these will be winter hardy and remain in the ground year-round. Others will not survive freezing temperatures and must be replanted each spring. Many are not even true bulbs, but are often sold along side true bulbs in mail order catalogs and at garden stores. The different types of underground storage structures that are frequently called bulbs include corms, tubers, tuberous roots, tuberous stems and rhizomes. These underground storage structures collectively are called “bulb-forms” or …

Center For Grassland Studies Newsletter, Fall 1998, Volume 4, No. 4

Center for Grassland Studies: Newsletters

Contents:

Subirrigated Meadow Management Pratices by Jerry Volesky, West Central Research and Extension Center, UNL

Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program by Craig Derickson and Gerald Jasmer, USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service

The Effect of Planting Date on Turfgrass Seed Production in the High Plains by Rebecca Harms, Turfgrass Project Coordinator, UNL

Beef Home Study Courses Begin Fifth Year

Plan Now to Attend SRM/AFGC Joint Meeting

Morphogenesis Of Douglas Fir Buds Is Altered At Elevated Temperature But Not At Elevated Co2, Martha E. Apple, Melissa S. Lucash, David M. Olszyk, David T. Tingey

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Global climatic change as expressed by increased CO₂ and temperature has the potential for dramatic effects on trees. To determine what its effects may be on Pacific Northwest forests, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii ) seedlings were grown in sun-lit controlled environment chambers at ambient or elevated (+4°C above ambient) temperature, and at ambient or elevated (+200 ppm above ambient) CO₂. In 1995–1996 and 1996–1997, elevated CO₂ had no effect on vegetative bud morphology, while the following unusual morphological characteristics were found with greater frequency at elevated temperature than at ambient: rosetted buds with reflexed and loosened outer …

Forage News [1998-10], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Fall Grazing School
• One Day Grazing Schools
• Forage Conference
• Forages at KCA
• Prussic Acid Poisoning
• Drought Stressed Pastures
• Upcoming Events

A Sensitive Elisa For Pythium Ultimum Using Polyclonal And Species-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies, G. Y. Yuen, J. Q. Xia, C. L. Sutula

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A double-antibody sandwich indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection and quantification of Pythium ultimum. A polyclonal antibody produced to cell walls of P. ultimum was used as the capture antibody, while a P. ultimum-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb E5) was used for recognition of the fungus. In the ELISA, culture extracts of 7 isolates of P. ultimum exhibited strong positive reactions, whereas none of the 37 isolates of other Pythium spp. and fungal genera had positive reactions. P. ultimum was detected by ELISA in roots of bean, cabbage, and sugar beet seedlings grown in pathogen-infested …

Interactions Between The Structural Domains Of The Rna Replication Proteins Of Plant-Infecting Rna Viruses, Erin K. O'Reilly, Zhaohui Wang, Roy C. French, C. Cheng Kao

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Brome mosaic virus (BMV), a positive-strand RNA virus, encodes two replication proteins: the 2a protein, which contains polymerase-like sequences, and the 1a protein, with N-terminal putative capping and C-terminal helicase-like sequences. These two proteins are part of a multisubunit complex which is necessary for viral RNA replication. We have previously shown that the yeast two-hybrid assay consistently duplicated results obtained from in vivo RNA replication assays and biochemical assays of protein-protein interaction, thus permitting the identification of additional interacting domains. We now map an interaction found to take place between two 1a proteins. Using previously characterized 1a mutants, a perfect …

Can Cover Crops Reduce Leafhopper Abundance In Vineyards?, Kent M. Daane, Michael J. Costello

Horticulture and Crop Science

In 3 of 4 vineyards we studied, late-season leafhopper density was lower on vines in cover cropped plots than in plots with no cover crops. However, the level of leafhopper reduction (about 15%) was rarely economically important and the mechanisms leading to reduction were not clear. For example, there were few differences in the number of leaf hopper predators or parasitoids on the vines in cover cropped versus no cover plots. However, there were significant between-treatment differences in vine growth. Plots with seasonwide maintenance of a cover crop and resident grasses had a reduction in vine vigor. Lower vine vigor …

Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Requires Intimin For Enteropathogenicity In Calves, Evelyn A. Dean-Nystrom, Brad T. Bosworth, Harley W. Moon, Alison D. O’Brien

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains require intimin to induce attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions in newborn piglets. Infection of newborn calves with intimin-positive or intimin-negative EHEC O157: H7 demonstrated that intimin is needed for colonization, A/E lesions, and disease in cattle. These results suggest that experiments to determine if intimin-based vaccines reduce O157:H7 levels in cattle are warranted.

Residual Effects Of Crop Residues On Grain Production And Selected Soil Properties, James F. Power, Paul Koerner, John W. Doran, Wallace Wilhelm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Returning crop residue improves water conservation and storage, nutrient availability, and crop yields. We have little knowledge, however, of the residual impacts of crop residues on soil and crop production. We hypothesized that residual impacts of crop residues vary with the amount of residues used. A 10-yr study near Lincoln, NE, evaluated the residual effects of an earlier 8-yr study of various crop residue amounts on crop growth and selected soil properties. From 1978 through 1985, crop residues were returned at 0,50, 100, and 150% of the quantity produced by the previous crop (averaging 0 to =6 Mg ha^{-1 …}

Optimization Of Solid-State Fermentation Parameters For The Production Of Xylanase By Trichoderma Longibrachiatum On Wheat Bran, Elizabeth R. Ridder, Sue E. Nokes, Barbara L. Knutson

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Solid-state fermentation has the potential to produce inexpensive enzymes for use in high-volume industrial applications. Process parameters such as substrate moisture content and length of fermentation can have a significant effect on the amount and timing of enzyme production. This study was conducted in two stages, a screening stage and an optimization stage, to determine the effects of moisture content of the substrate, surfactant addition upon inoculation, depth of the substrate, and duration of fermentation on xylanase activity produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Screening fermentations were conducted at 25°C, 50 and 75% wet basis moisture content (w.b.), 0.0 and 0.2% …

Forage News [1998-09], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Dollars & Cents of Stockpiling Tall Fescue
• KFGC Award Nominations Due October 9
• Kentucky Grazing School
• KFGC Fall Forage Conference
• Alfalfa Conference March 4
• Forages at the State Fair
• Maximize Grazing - Minimize Stored Feed
• Warm Season Grass Field Day
• Kentucky Pasture & Hay Conditions
• Forages at KCA
• Hay Quality Standards
• Upcoming Events