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Articles 1 - 29 of 29
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Remote Sensing To Detect The Movement Of Wheat Curl Mites Through The Spatial Spread Of Virus Symptoms, And Identification Of Thrips As Predators Of Wheat Curl Mites, Abby R. Stilwell
Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella Keifer, transmits three viruses to winter wheat: wheat streak mosaic virus, High Plains virus, and Triticum mosaic virus. This virus complex causes yellowing of the foliage and stunting of plants. WCMs disperse by wind, and an increased understanding of mite movement and subsequent virus spread is necessary in determining the risk of serious virus infections in winter wheat. These risk parameters will help growers make better decisions regarding WCM management. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the capabilities of remote sensing to identify virus infected plants and to establish the potential …
Education In Plant Pathology Present Status And Future Challenges, James Macdonald, Caitilyn Allen, David Gadoury, William Jacobi, Segenet Kelemu, James Moyer, Tim Murray, Kevin Ong, Charles Pearson, John Sherwood, Ann Vidaver
Education In Plant Pathology Present Status And Future Challenges, James Macdonald, Caitilyn Allen, David Gadoury, William Jacobi, Segenet Kelemu, James Moyer, Tim Murray, Kevin Ong, Charles Pearson, John Sherwood, Ann Vidaver
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Plant pathology is largely a mission driven discipline that seeks to increase the fundamental understanding of host–pathogen interactions and the etiology of plant diseases for the purpose of preventing or mitigating crop loss. This is an important mission because all nations face serious challenges in their efforts to prevent disease on plants cultivated for food, fiber, ornamental use, timber, and fuel, as well as those growing in native ecosystems. In 1994, it was estimated that global losses due to plant diseases ranged from 9.7 to 14.2% of potential yield (12).
Triticum Mosaic Virus: A Distinct Member Of The Family Potyviridae With An Unusually Long Leader Sequence, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Amy D. Ziems, Stephen N. Wegulo, Roy French
Triticum Mosaic Virus: A Distinct Member Of The Family Potyviridae With An Unusually Long Leader Sequence, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Amy D. Ziems, Stephen N. Wegulo, Roy French
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The complete genome sequence of Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), a member in the family Potyviridae, has been determined to be 10,266 nucleotides (nt) excluding the 3′ polyadenylated tail. The genome encodes a large polyprotein of 3,112 amino acids with the “hall-mark proteins” of potyviruses, including a small overlapping gene, PIPO, in the P3 cistron. The genome of TriMV has an unusually long 5′ nontranslated region of 739 nt with 12 translation initiation codons and three small open reading frames, which resemble those of the internal ribosome entry site containing 5′ leader sequences of the members of Picornaviridae. Pairwise …
Effect Of Growth Stage On The Relationship Between Tan Spot And Spot Blotch Severity And Yield In Winter Wheat, Stephen N. Wegulo, Julie A. Breathnach, P. Stephen Baenziger
Effect Of Growth Stage On The Relationship Between Tan Spot And Spot Blotch Severity And Yield In Winter Wheat, Stephen N. Wegulo, Julie A. Breathnach, P. Stephen Baenziger
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Foliar fungal diseases frequently cause significant economic losses in the hard red winter wheat production areas of the Great Plains of the United States. In 2007, field experiments were conducted in four environments in Nebraska, USA to determine the crop growth stage at which severity of tan spot and spot blotch was most strongly related to yield in winter wheat. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides in controlling tan spot and spot blotch and to determine the effect of fun¬gicide application timing on disease intensity and yield. Disease severity assessed at Zadoks growth stage (ZGS) 60 (flower¬ing) …
An Icosahedral Algal Virus Has A Complex Unique Vertex Decorated By A Spike, Mickaël V. Cherrier, Victor A. Kostyuchenko, Chuan Xiao, Valorie D. Bowman, Anthony J. Battisti, Xiaodong Yan, Paul R. Chipman, Timothy S. Baker, James L. Van Etten, Michael G. Rossmann
An Icosahedral Algal Virus Has A Complex Unique Vertex Decorated By A Spike, Mickaël V. Cherrier, Victor A. Kostyuchenko, Chuan Xiao, Valorie D. Bowman, Anthony J. Battisti, Xiaodong Yan, Paul R. Chipman, Timothy S. Baker, James L. Van Etten, Michael G. Rossmann
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus-1 is an icosahedrally shaped, 1,900-Å-diameter virus that infects unicellular eukaryotic green algae. A 5-fold symmetric, 3D reconstruction using cryoelectron microscopy images has now shown that the quasiicosahedral virus has a unique vertex, with a pocket on the inside and a spike structure on the outside of the capsid. The pocket might contain enzymes for use in the initial stages of infection. The unique vertex consists of virally coded proteins, some of which have been identified. Comparison of shape, size, and location of the spike with similar features in bacteriophages T4 and P22 suggests that the spike …
A Nonsense Mutation In A Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Is Responsible For The Sorghum Brown Midrib6 Phenotype1[W][Oa], Scott E. Sattler, Aaron J. Saathoff, Eric J. Haas, Nathan A. Palmer, Deanna L. Funnell-Harris, Gautam Sarath, Jeffrey F. Pedersen
A Nonsense Mutation In A Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Is Responsible For The Sorghum Brown Midrib6 Phenotype1[W][Oa], Scott E. Sattler, Aaron J. Saathoff, Eric J. Haas, Nathan A. Palmer, Deanna L. Funnell-Harris, Gautam Sarath, Jeffrey F. Pedersen
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
brown midrib6 (bmr6) affects phenylpropanoid metabolism, resulting in reduced lignin concentrations and altered lignin composition in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Recently, bmr6 plants were shown to have limited cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity (CAD; EC 1.1.1.195), the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of hydroxycinnamoyl aldehydes (monolignals) to monolignols. A candidate gene approach was taken to identify Bmr6. Two CAD genes (Sb02g024190 and Sb04g005950) were identified in the sorghum genome based on similarity to known CAD genes and through DNA sequencing a nonsense mutation was discovered in Sb04g005950 that results in a truncated protein lacking the NADPH-binding and C-terminal …
Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Allow Reduced Application Rates Of Chemical Fertilizers, A. O. Adesemoye, H. A. Torbert, J. W. Kloepper
Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Allow Reduced Application Rates Of Chemical Fertilizers, A. O. Adesemoye, H. A. Torbert, J. W. Kloepper
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The search for microorganisms that improve soil fertility and enhance plant nutrition has continued to attract attention due to the increasing cost of fertilizers and some of their negative environmental impacts. The objectives of this greenhouse study with tomato were to determine (1) if reduced rates of inorganic fertilizer coupled with microbial inoculants will produce plant growth, yield, and nutrient uptake levels equivalent to those with full rates of the fertilizer and (2) the minimum level to which fertilizer could be reduced when inoculants were used. The microbial inoculants used in the study were a mixture of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria …
Chlorella Viruses Prevent Multiple Infections By Depolarizing The Host Membrane, Timo Greiner, Florian Frohns, Ming Kang, James L. Van Etten, Anja Käsmann, Anna Moroni, Brigitte Hertel, Gerhard Thiel
Chlorella Viruses Prevent Multiple Infections By Depolarizing The Host Membrane, Timo Greiner, Florian Frohns, Ming Kang, James L. Van Etten, Anja Käsmann, Anna Moroni, Brigitte Hertel, Gerhard Thiel
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Previous experiments established that when the unicellular green alga Chlorella NC64A is inoculated with two viruses, usually only one virus replicates in a single cell. That is, the viruses mutually exclude one another. In the current study, we explore the possibility that virus- induced host membrane depolarization, at least partially caused by a virus-encoded K+ channel (Kcv), is involved in this mutual exclusion. Two chlorella viruses, PBCV-1 and NY-2A, were chosen for the study because (i) they can be distinguished by real-time PCR and (ii) they exhibit differential sensitivity to Cs+, a well-known K+ channel blocker. PBCV-1-induced host membrane depolarization, …
First Report Of Columbia Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Chitwoodi) In Potato In Turkey, A. Ozarslandan, Z. Devran, N. Mutlu, I. H. Elekcioglu
First Report Of Columbia Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Chitwoodi) In Potato In Turkey, A. Ozarslandan, Z. Devran, N. Mutlu, I. H. Elekcioglu
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Columbia root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al., was identified from potatoes, Solanum tuberosum L., collected from Nigde Province, Turkey in September 2006. Seed potatoes are the most likely source for this introduction. The nematode is currently found to be infecting potatoes grown in the Netherlands, Portugal, Belgium, Germany, the United States, Mexico, South Africa, and Argentina. M. chitwoodi acquired a quarantine status in Europe (1) because of its potential to become established worldwide and its high damage probability. Some countries prohibit import of both seed and table stock potatoes originating in states known to harbor M. chitwoodi. Lesions …
Evaluating Pseudomonas Aeruginosa As Plant Growth–Promoting Rhizobacteria In West Africa, Anthony O. Adesemoye, Esther O. Ugoji
Evaluating Pseudomonas Aeruginosa As Plant Growth–Promoting Rhizobacteria In West Africa, Anthony O. Adesemoye, Esther O. Ugoji
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Some parameters of growth were examined in three test crops as indices of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Crops include Abelmoschus esculentus L. (okra), Lycopersicon esculentum L. (tomato), and Amaranthus sp. (African spinach). This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of PGPR in West Africa and determine whether the inoculation method has an impact on PGPR’s effectiveness. Bacterium was isolated from topsoil in the Botanical Garden, University of Lagos, Nigeria. Inoculation with bacteria was done by soaking seeds in 106 cfu/ml of bacterial suspension, and coating was done using 10% starch (w/v) as seed adhesive …
Rathayibacter Iranicus Isolated From Symptomless Wheat Seeds In Turkey, E. Postnikova, Irina V. Agarkova, S. Altundag, F. Eskandari, A. Sechler, A. Karahan, A. K. Vidaver, W. Schneider, M. Ozakman, N. W. Schaad
Rathayibacter Iranicus Isolated From Symptomless Wheat Seeds In Turkey, E. Postnikova, Irina V. Agarkova, S. Altundag, F. Eskandari, A. Sechler, A. Karahan, A. K. Vidaver, W. Schneider, M. Ozakman, N. W. Schaad
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Rathayibacter iranicus (Ri), originally reported in Iran in 1961 (Sharif, 1961), has not been reported outside Iran and only one strain is known to exist. Like R. tritici (Rt), Ri causes a gumming disease of wheat in association with the nematode Anguina tritici (Paruthi et al., 1989). During 2003, a survey of wheat seed for Rathayibacter species (RS) in Turkey using samples from 799 farmers in six provinces in Central Anatolia was conducted. The samples showed neither the brown to black galls typical of A. tritici infection nor the yellowish galls typical of Ri and Rt. To determine the presence …
Effects Of Increased Pco2 And Temperature On The North Atlantic Spring Bloom. Iii. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, Peter A. Lee, Jamie R. Rudisill, Aimee R. Neeley, Jennifer M. Maucher, David A. Hutchins, Yuanyuan Feng, Clinton E. Hare, Karine Leblanc, Julie M. Rose, Steven W. Wilhelm, Janet M. Rowe, Giacomo R. Ditullio
Effects Of Increased Pco2 And Temperature On The North Atlantic Spring Bloom. Iii. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, Peter A. Lee, Jamie R. Rudisill, Aimee R. Neeley, Jennifer M. Maucher, David A. Hutchins, Yuanyuan Feng, Clinton E. Hare, Karine Leblanc, Julie M. Rose, Steven W. Wilhelm, Janet M. Rowe, Giacomo R. Ditullio
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The CLAW hypothesis argues that a negative feedback mechanism involving phytoplankton- derived dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) could mitigate increasing sea surface temperatures that result from global warming. DMSP is converted to the climatically active dimethylsulfide (DMS), which is transferred to the atmosphere and photochemically oxidized to sulfate aerosols, leading to increases in planetary albedo and cooling of the Earth’s atmosphere. A shipboard incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of increased temperature and pCO2 on the algal community structure of the North Atlantic spring bloom and their subsequent impact on particulate and dissolved DMSP concentrations (DMSPp and DMSPd …
Participation Of Leaky Ribosome Scanning In Protein Dual Targeting By Alternative Translation Initiation In Higher Plants, Yashitola Wamboldt, Saleem Mohammed, Christian Elowsky, Chris Wittgren, Wilson B. M. De Paula, Sally Ann Mackenzie
Participation Of Leaky Ribosome Scanning In Protein Dual Targeting By Alternative Translation Initiation In Higher Plants, Yashitola Wamboldt, Saleem Mohammed, Christian Elowsky, Chris Wittgren, Wilson B. M. De Paula, Sally Ann Mackenzie
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
Postendosymbiotic evolution has given rise to proteins that are multiply targeted within the cell. Various mechanisms have been identified to permit the expression of proteins encoding distinct N termini from a single gene. One mechanism involves alternative translation initiation (aTI). We previously showed evidence of aTI activity within the Arabidopsis thaliana organellar DNA polymerase gene POLg2. Translation initiates at four distinct sites within this gene, two non-AUG, to produce distinct plastid and mitochondrially targeted forms of the protein. To understand the regulation of aTI in higher plants, we used Polg2 as a model to investigate both cis- and trans …
Characterization Of The 5′- And 3′-Terminal Subgenomic Rnas Produced By A Capillovirus: Evidence For A Cp Subgenomic Rna, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Mohammad R. Afunian, Siddarame Gowda, Mark E. Hilf, Moshe Bar-Joseph, William O. Dawson
Characterization Of The 5′- And 3′-Terminal Subgenomic Rnas Produced By A Capillovirus: Evidence For A Cp Subgenomic Rna, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Mohammad R. Afunian, Siddarame Gowda, Mark E. Hilf, Moshe Bar-Joseph, William O. Dawson
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The members of Capillovirus genus encode two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1 encodes a large polyprotein containing the replication-associated proteins plus a coat protein (CP), and ORF2 encodes a movement protein (MP), located within ORF1 in a different reading frame. Organization of the CP sequence as part of the replicase ORF is unusual in capilloviruses. In this study, we examined the capillovirus genome expression strategy by characterizing viral RNAs produced by Citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV), isolate ML, a Capillovirus. CTLV-ML produced a genome-length RNA of ∼6.5-kb and two 3′-terminal sgRNAs in infected tissue that contain the MP …
Dollar Spot Fungus Sclerotinla Homoeocarpa Produces Oxalic Acid, R. C. Venu, Robert A. Beaulieu, Terrance L. Graham, Ainhoa Martinez Medina, Michael J. Boehm
Dollar Spot Fungus Sclerotinla Homoeocarpa Produces Oxalic Acid, R. C. Venu, Robert A. Beaulieu, Terrance L. Graham, Ainhoa Martinez Medina, Michael J. Boehm
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Dollar spot, caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa,. is one of the most devastating diseases of turfgrass worldwide. Many fungi belonging to the genus Sclerotinia produce oxalic acid along with pectolytic cell wall-degrading enzymes. A series of in vitro experiments showed the relationships among temperature, pH, mycelial growth and acid production. Mycelial growth and acid production were most abundant when S. homoeocarpa was grown between 20 and 30°C. Acid production by S. homoeocarpa appeared to be dependent upon the pH of the environment in which it was grown. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of spent broth revealed the presence of oxalic acid. …
Molecular Characterization Of Citrus Tatter Leaf Virus Historically Associated With Meyer Lemon Trees: Complete Genome Sequence And Development Of Biologically Active In Vitro Transcripts, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Mohammad R. Afunian, Mark E. Hilf, Siddarame Gowda, William O. Dawson, Stephen M. Garnsey
Molecular Characterization Of Citrus Tatter Leaf Virus Historically Associated With Meyer Lemon Trees: Complete Genome Sequence And Development Of Biologically Active In Vitro Transcripts, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Mohammad R. Afunian, Mark E. Hilf, Siddarame Gowda, William O. Dawson, Stephen M. Garnsey
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Citrus tatter leaf virus isolated from Meyer lemon trees (CTLV-ML) from California and Florida induces bud union incompatibility of citrus trees grafted on the widely used trifoliate and trifoliate hybrid rootstocks. The complete genome sequence of CTLV-ML was determined to be 6,495 nucleotides (nts), with two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) and a poly (A) tail at the 3′ end. The genome organization is similar to other capilloviruses, with ORF1 (nts 37 to 6,354) encoding a putative 242-kDa polyprotein which contains replication-associated domains plus a coat protein (CP), and ORF2 (nts 4,788 to 5,750), which is located within ORF1 in …
Preface To Lesser Known Large Dsdna Viruses. Current Topics In Microbiology And Immunology 328, James L. Van Etten
Preface To Lesser Known Large Dsdna Viruses. Current Topics In Microbiology And Immunology 328, James L. Van Etten
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Several large dsDNA-containing viruses such as poxviruses (smallpox) and herpes viruses are well known among the scientific community, as well as the general populace, because they cause human diseases. The large dsDNA insect-infecting baculoviruses are also well known in the scientific community because they are used both as biological control agents and as protein expression systems. However, there are other large dsDNA-containing viruses, including the giant 1.2-Mb mimivirus, which are less well known even though all of them play important roles in everyday life. Seven of these virus families are reviewed in this book.
The Phycodnaviridae: The Story Of How Tiny Giants Rule The World, W. H. Wilson, James L. Van Etten, M. J. Allen
The Phycodnaviridae: The Story Of How Tiny Giants Rule The World, W. H. Wilson, James L. Van Etten, M. J. Allen
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The family Phycodnaviridae encompasses a diverse and rapidly expanding collection of large icosahedral, dsDNA viruses that infect algae. These lytic and lysogenic viruses have genomes ranging from 160 to 560 kb. The family consists of six genera based initially on host range and supported by sequence comparisons. The family is monophyletic with branches for each genus, but the phycodnaviruses have evolutionary roots that connect them with several other families of large DNA viruses, referred to as the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV).The phycodnaviruses have diverse genome structures, some with large regions of noncoding sequence and others with regions of ssDNA. …
Histone H3 Phosphorylation: Universal Code Or Lineage Specific Dialects?, Heriberto Cerutti, J. Armando Casas-Mollano
Histone H3 Phosphorylation: Universal Code Or Lineage Specific Dialects?, Heriberto Cerutti, J. Armando Casas-Mollano
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
Post-translational modifications of histones modulate the functional landscape of chromatin and impinge on many DNA-mediated processes. Phosphorylation of histone H3 plays a role in the regulation of gene expression and in chromosome condensation/segregation. Certain evolutionarily conserved residues on histone H3—namely Thr3, Ser10, Thr11, and Ser28—are phosphorylated during interphase or mitosis in both metazoa and plants. However, many of the kinases involved in these events appear to have evolved independently in different lineages. Likewise, the mechanistic function of specific phosphorylated amino acids, although poorly understood, also seems to differ among eukaryotes. Moreover, some modifications, such as phosphorylation of histone H3 Ser10, …
Oxygenase Coordination Is Required For Morphological Transition And The Host-Fungus Interaction Of Aspergillus Flavus, Sigal Horowitz Brown, James B. Scott, Jeyanthi Bhaheetharan, William C. Sharpee, Lane Milde, Richard A. Wilson
Oxygenase Coordination Is Required For Morphological Transition And The Host-Fungus Interaction Of Aspergillus Flavus, Sigal Horowitz Brown, James B. Scott, Jeyanthi Bhaheetharan, William C. Sharpee, Lane Milde, Richard A. Wilson
Fungal Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
Oxylipins, a class of oxygenase-derived unsaturated fatty acids, are important signal molecules in many biological systems. Recent characterization of an Aspergillus flavus lipoxygenase gene, lox, revealed its importance in maintaining a density-dependent morphology switch from sclerotia to conidia as population density increased. Here, we present evidence for the involvement of four more oxylipingenerating dioxygenases (PpoA, PpoB, PpoC, and PpoD) in A. flavus density-dependent phenomena and the effects of loss of these genes on aflatoxin production and seed colonization. Although several single mutants showed alterations in the sclerotia-to-conidia switch, the major effect was observed in a strain downregulated for all …
Under Pressure: Investigating The Biology Of Plant Infection By Magnaporthe Oryza, Nicholas J. Talbot, Richard A. Wilson
Under Pressure: Investigating The Biology Of Plant Infection By Magnaporthe Oryza, Nicholas J. Talbot, Richard A. Wilson
Fungal Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
The filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast, the most serious disease of cultivated rice. Cellular differentiation of M. oryzae forms an infection structure called the appressorium, which generates enormous cellular turgor that is sufficient to rupture the plant cuticle. Here, we show how functional genomics approaches are providing new insight into the genetic control of plant infection by M. oryzae. We also look ahead to the key questions that need to be addressed to provide a better understanding of the molecular processes that lead to plant disease and the prospects for sustainable control of rice blast.
Plant-Microbes Interactions In Enhanced Fertilizer-Use Efficiency, Anthony O. Adesemoye, Joseph W. Kloepper
Plant-Microbes Interactions In Enhanced Fertilizer-Use Efficiency, Anthony O. Adesemoye, Joseph W. Kloepper
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The continued use of chemical fertilizers and manures for enhanced soil fertility and crop productivity often results in unexpected harmful environmental effects, including leaching of nitrate into groundwater, surface runoff of phosphorus and nitrogen runoff, and eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. Integrated nutrient management systems are needed to maintain agricultural productivity and protect the environment. Microbial inoculants are promising components of such management systems. This review is a critical summary of the efforts in using microbial inoculants, including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for increasing the use efficiency of fertilizers. Studies with microbial inoculants and nutrients have demonstrated that …
Chlorella Virus Atcv-1 Encodes A Functional Potassium Channel Of 82 Amino Acids, Sabrina Gazzarrini, Ming Kang, Alessandra Abenavoli, Giulia Romani, Claudio Olivari, Daniele Gaslini, Giuseppina Ferrara, James L. Van Etten, Michael Kreim, Stefan M. Kast, Gerhard Thiel, Anna Moroni
Chlorella Virus Atcv-1 Encodes A Functional Potassium Channel Of 82 Amino Acids, Sabrina Gazzarrini, Ming Kang, Alessandra Abenavoli, Giulia Romani, Claudio Olivari, Daniele Gaslini, Giuseppina Ferrara, James L. Van Etten, Michael Kreim, Stefan M. Kast, Gerhard Thiel, Anna Moroni
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Chlorella virus PBCV-1 (Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus-1) encodes the smallest protein (94 amino acids, named Kcv) previously known to form a functional K+ channel in heterologous systems. In this paper, we characterize another chlorella virus encoded K+ channel protein (82 amino acids, named ATCV-1 Kcv) that forms a functional channel in Xenopus oocytes and rescues Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants that lack endogenous K+ uptake systems. Compared with the larger PBCV-1 Kcv, ATCV-1 Kcv lacks a cytoplasmic N-terminus and has a reduced number of charged amino acids in its turret domain. Despite these deficiencies, ATCV-1 Kcv accomplishes all the major features of …
Choline-Utilizing Microblal Strains For Biologically Controlling Fusarium Head Blight, David A. Schisler, Naseem I. Khan, Michael J. Boehm, Patricia J. Slininger
Choline-Utilizing Microblal Strains For Biologically Controlling Fusarium Head Blight, David A. Schisler, Naseem I. Khan, Michael J. Boehm, Patricia J. Slininger
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Three choline utilizing strains of microorganisms isolated from the anthers of wheat, Aureobasidium pullulans strainAS 55.2, Arthrobacter species strain OH 221.3, and Pseudomonas species strain AS 64.4, are superior antagonists of F. graminearum. These microorganisms are effective for suppression and control of FHB in cereals, particularly in wheat and barley.
Intergenic Transcription By Rna Polymerase Ii Coordinates Pol Iv And Pol V In Sirna-Directed Transcriptional Gene Silencing In Arabidopsis, Binglian Zheng, Zhengming Wang, Shengben Li, Bin Yu, Jin -Yuan Liu, Xuemei Chen
Intergenic Transcription By Rna Polymerase Ii Coordinates Pol Iv And Pol V In Sirna-Directed Transcriptional Gene Silencing In Arabidopsis, Binglian Zheng, Zhengming Wang, Shengben Li, Bin Yu, Jin -Yuan Liu, Xuemei Chen
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
Intergenic transcription by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) is widespread in plant and animal genomes, but the functions of intergenic transcription or the resulting noncoding transcripts are poorly understood. Here, we show that Arabidopsis Pol II is indispensable for endogenous siRNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) at intergenic low-copy-number loci, despite the presence of two other polymerases—Pol IV and Pol V—that specialize in TGS through siRNAs. We show that Pol II produces noncoding scaffold transcripts that originate outside of heterochromatic, siRNA-generating loci. Through these transcripts and physical interactions with the siRNA effector protein ARGONAUTE4 (AGO4), Pol II recruits AGO4/siRNAs to homologous …
Roadmap For Future Research On Plant Pathogen Effectors, James R. Alfano
Roadmap For Future Research On Plant Pathogen Effectors, James R. Alfano
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
Bacterial and eukaryotic plant pathogens deliver effector proteins into plant cells to promote pathogenesis. Bacterial pathogens containing type III protein secretion systems are known to inject many of these effectors into plant cells. More recently, oomycete pathogens have been shown to possess a large family of effectors containing the RXLR motif, and many effectors are also being discovered in fungal pathogens. Although effector activities are largely unknown, at least a subset suppress plant immunity. A plethora of new plant pathogen genomes that will soon be available thanks to next-generation sequencing technologies will allow the identification of many more effectors. This …
Accumulation Of A 5′ Proximal Subgenomic Rna Of Citrus Tristeza Virus Is Correlated With Encapsidation By The Minor Coat Protein, Siddarame Gowda, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Svetlana Y. Folimonova, Mark E. Hilf, William O. Dawson
Accumulation Of A 5′ Proximal Subgenomic Rna Of Citrus Tristeza Virus Is Correlated With Encapsidation By The Minor Coat Protein, Siddarame Gowda, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Svetlana Y. Folimonova, Mark E. Hilf, William O. Dawson
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
During replication, Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) produces large amounts of two unusual subgenomic (sg) RNAs that are positive-stranded and 5′ coterminal. Although these RNAs are produced in similar amounts and are similar in size, with LMT1 (~750 nt) only slightly larger than LMT2 (~650), we found that the similar sgRNAs are produced differently. We previously showed that the LMT1 RNA is produced by premature termination during genomic RNA synthesis. However, LMT2 production was found to correlate with virion assembly instead of RNA replication. The time course of accumulation of the LMT2 RNA occurred late, coinciding with virion accumulation. The long …
Protein-Protein Interactions Of Tandem Affinity Purified Protein Kinases From Rice, Jai S. Rohila, Mei Chen, Shuo Chen, Johann Chen, Ronald L. Cerny, Christopher Dardick, Patrick Canlas, Hiroaki Fujii, Michael Gribskov, Siddhartha Kanrar, Lucas Knoflicek, Becky Stevenson, Mingtang Xie, Xia Xu, Xianwu Zheng, Jing-Kang Zhu, Pamela Ronald, Michael E. Fromm
Protein-Protein Interactions Of Tandem Affinity Purified Protein Kinases From Rice, Jai S. Rohila, Mei Chen, Shuo Chen, Johann Chen, Ronald L. Cerny, Christopher Dardick, Patrick Canlas, Hiroaki Fujii, Michael Gribskov, Siddhartha Kanrar, Lucas Knoflicek, Becky Stevenson, Mingtang Xie, Xia Xu, Xianwu Zheng, Jing-Kang Zhu, Pamela Ronald, Michael E. Fromm
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
Eighty-eight rice (Oryza sativa) cDNAs encoding rice leaf expressed protein kinases (PKs) were fused to a Tandem Affinity Purification tag (TAP-tag) and expressed in transgenic rice plants. The TAP-tagged PKs and interacting proteins were purified from the T1 progeny of the transgenic rice plants and identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Forty-five TAPtagged PKs were recovered in this study and thirteen of these were found to interact with other rice proteins with a high probability score. In vivo phosphorylated sites were found for three of the PKs. A comparison of the TAP-tagged data from a combined analysis of 129 …
Fungal Physiology: A Future Perspective, Richard A. Wilson, Nicholas J. Talbot
Fungal Physiology: A Future Perspective, Richard A. Wilson, Nicholas J. Talbot
Fungal Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
The study of fungal physiology is set to change dramatically in the next few years as highly scalable technologies are deployed allowing accurate measurement and identification of metabolites, proteins and transcripts within cells. The advent of next-generation DNA-sequencing technologies will also provide genome sequence information from large numbers of industrially relevant and pathogenic fungal species, and allow comparative genome analysis between strains and populations of fungi. When coupled with advances in gene functional analysis, protein-protein interaction studies, live cell imaging and mathematical modelling, this promises a step-change in our understanding of how fungal cells operate as integrated dynamic living systems