Life Sciences Commons^™

Reduced Mitochondrial Dna And Oxphos Protein Content In Skeletal Muscle Of Children With Cerebral Palsy, Ferdinand Von Walden, Ivan J. Vechetti Jr., Davis A. Englund, Vandré C. Figueiredo, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo, Kevin A. Murach, Jessica Pingel, John J. Mccarthy, Per Stål, Eva Pontén

Physiology Faculty Publications

AIM: To provide a detailed gene and protein expression analysis related to mitochondrial biogenesis and assess mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle of children with cerebral palsy (CP).

METHOD: Biceps brachii muscle samples were collected from 19 children with CP (mean [SD] age 15y 4mo [2y 6mo], range 9-18y, 16 males, three females) and 10 typically developing comparison children (mean [SD] age 15y [4y], range 7-21y, eight males, two females). Gene expression (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to genomic DNA ratio (quantitative PCR), and protein abundance (western blotting) were analyzed. Microarray data sets (CP/aging/bed rest) were …

Continued Play Following Sport-Related Concussion In United States Youth Soccer, Aaron J. Zynda, Meagan J. Sabatino, Henry B. Ellis Jr., Shane M. Miller

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 87-100, 2020. Medical guidelines and legislation in the US call for immediate removal from play and prohibit continued play on the same day if a concussion is suspected. However, there is limited literature examining whether these guidelines and laws are being followed in youth soccer. The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency at which youth soccer players continued play on the same day following sport-related concussion and factors that may be associated with this behavior. A retrospective review of youth soccer players diagnosed at the initial clinic visit with a sport-related …

Association Between Bone-Specific Physical Activity Scores And Pqct-Derived Measures Of Bone Strength And Geometry In Healthy Young And Middle-Aged Premenopausal Women., Sojung Kim, Breanne S Baker, Pragya Sharma-Ghimire, Debra A Bemben, Michael G Bemben

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

The aim of this study was to determine if bone-specific physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ) scores were positively related to bone health in healthy young and middle-aged premenopausal women. The total BPAQ was a stronger predictor of bone strength and bone mineral density of hip in young women as compared to middle-aged premenopausal women.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the BPAQ scores were predictive indices of volumetric BMD (vBMD), bone strength, and bone geometry in young and middle-aged premenopausal women.

METHODS: Healthy young (n = 60) and middle-aged premenopausal women (n = 54) between the ages …

Modulating Foveal Representation Can Influence Visual Discrimination In The Periphery, Qing Yu, Won Mok Shim

Dartmouth Scholarship

A previous study by Williams et al. (2008) provided evidence for a novel form of feedback in the visual system, whereby peripheral information is contained in foveal retinotopic cortex. Beyond its possible implication for peripheral object recognition, few studies have examined the effect of a direct behavioral manipulation of the foveal feedback representation. To address this question, we measured participants' peripheral visual discrimination performance while modulating their foveal representation in a series of psychophysical experiments. On each trial, participants discriminated the identities of briefly presented novel, three-dimensional objects or the orientations of gratings in a peripheral location while fixating at …

Seasonal Variation In The Distribution Of Daily Stepping In 11-13 Year Old School Children, Paul Mccrorie, Elaine Duncan, Malcolm Granat, Benedict Stansfield

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(4): 358-371, 2015. Seasonality studies in adolescent’s physical activity (PA) tend to report total PA (e.g. steps/day) rather than more specific detail such as steps/hour. This study compared the detailed changes in PA between seasons. Thirty three adolescents (baseline age 12.2 ± 0.3y) wore the activPAL activity monitor for 8 days on two occasions. Steps/day were higher in summer (Mdn = 12,879) than winter (Mdn = 10,512), p.05), however, boys had significantly higher step counts in summer between ’13:00-14:00’ (p=.023), ’19:00-20:00’ (p=.032) and ‘20:00-21:00’ (p=.023). Total steps/day masked sex differences within specific hours of the …

Measurement Of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance Facilitates Management Of Boys With Microphallus And Cryptorchidism, Madhusmita Misra, David Maclaughlin, Patricia Donahoe, Mary Lee

Mary M. Lee

Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is a gonadal hormone expressed in a sexually dimorphic pattern. In males, serum MIS reflects Sertoli cell function and provides an estimate of seminiferous tubular integrity. We examined the role of MIS determination in the evaluation of boys with microphallus (n = 62) and/or cryptorchidism (n = 156). MIS was normal in 69.2% of boys with isolated microphallus compared with 38.1% of boys with microphallus and coexisting cryptorchidism (P < 0.05). In the cryptorchid group, MIS was normal in 46.8%, low in 24.4%, and absent in 28.8%. Normal values for age were associated with testicular tissue, whereas …

Transient Hyperthyroidism In An Adolescent With Hydatidiform Mole, Madhusmita Misra, Lynne Levitsky, Mary Lee

Mary M. Lee

No abstract provided.

Mullerian Inhibiting Substance In Humans: Normal Levels From Infancy To Adulthood, Mary Lee, Patricia Donahoe, Tomonobu Hasegawa, Bernard Silverman, Gretchen Crist, Sharon Best, Yukihiro Hasegawa, Richard Noto, David Schoenfeld, David Maclaughlin

Mary M. Lee

Mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) is a gonadal hormone synthesized by Sertoli cells of the testis and granulosa cells of the ovary. To facilitate the use of MIS for the evaluation of intersex disorders and as a tumor marker in women with MIS-expressing ovarian tumors, we measured MIS in 600 serum samples from males and females. These data show that mean MIS values for males rise rapidly during the first year of life and are highest during late infancy, then gradually decline until puberty. In contrast, MIS values in females are lowest at birth and exhibit a minimal increase throughout the prepubertal …

Mullerian Inhibiting Substance In The Diagnosis And Management Of Intersex And Gonadal Abnormalities, Michael Gustafson, Mary Lee, Lara Asmundson, David Maclaughlin, Patricia Donahoe

Mary M. Lee

Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS), a gonadal hormone important in sexual differentiation, is high (10 to 70 ng/mL) in human male serum postnatally for several years before declining during the peripubertal period, but is undetectable in female serum until the onset of puberty. The sexually dimorphic secretion of MIS suggested possibilities for its use in several clinical settings. Thirty-one patients with intersex and gonadal anomalies from 17 institutions were therefore evaluated between 1989 and 1992 with an MIS enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum MIS levels correlated with the presence of testicular tissue in two patients with suspected anorchia, five patients with …

The Role Of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance In The Evaluation Of Phenotypic Female Patients With Mild Degrees Of Virilization, Madhusmita Misra, David Maclaughlin, Patricia Donahoe, Mary Lee

Mary M. Lee

Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is a sexually dimorphic gonadal hormone with proven efficacy in the evaluation of boys with cryptorchidism and children with intersex conditions. We examined the role of MIS determination in the evaluation of 65 phenotypic females with mild virilization. Among the 28 subjects with MIS values elevated above the normal female range, all had abnormal gonadal tissue: ovotestes in 11, testes in 7, dysgenetic gonads in 7, and MIS-secreting ovarian tumors in 3. Among the 37 children with serum MIS in the normal female range, 19 had detectable MIS and 18 had unmeasurable MIS. In the former …

Mis/Amh In The Assessment Of Cryptorchidism And Intersex Conditions, Mary Lee, Madhusmita Misra, Patricia Donahoe, David Maclaughlin

Mary M. Lee

Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS), also known as anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), causes Mullerian duct involution during male sexual differentiation and also has a postnatal regulatory role in the gonads. Serum MIS/AMH has a gonad specific pattern of expression and its concentrations are sexually dimorphic in children; hence measurement of serum MIS/AMH helps in the evaluation of children with gonadal disorders. In boys with cryptorchidism (non-palpable gonads), serum MIS/AMH correlates with testicular tissue. A measurable value is predictive of undescended testes while an undetectable value is highly suggestive of anorchia. In minimally virilized phenotypic females, MIS/AMH helps differentiate between gonadal and non-gonadal …

Diagnostic Utility Of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance Determination In Patients With Primary And Recurrent Granulosa Cell Tumors, Andrew Lane, Mary Lee, Arlan Fuller, David Kehas, Patricia Donahoe, David Maclaughlin

Mary M. Lee

OBJECTIVES: In this study we evaluated changes in serum Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) concentration in a large number of patients with granulosa cell tumors (GCT) to determine whether MIS is elevated at the time of presentation and whether MIS is an index of successful surgical resection and management of recurrences. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed MIS levels from 17 subjects prior to tumor resection and studied serial MIS samples from 56 subjects following initial tumor resection. Clinical follow-up information was available for 36 of those with postoperative MIS values. Serum MIS was measured by an ELISA. MIS values were compared to …

Parental Mastery Of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Skills And Glycemic Control In Youth With Type 1 Diabetes, Kathleen Mitchell, Kimberley Johnson, Karen Cullen, Mary M. Lee, Olga T. Hardy

Mary M. Lee

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine whether parental knowledge of the continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) device affects glycemic control as measured by hemoglobin A1c (A1C) level. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Parents of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using CSII completed a 14-item questionnaire. Questions 1-10 were knowledge-based questions that required the parent to extract specific information from their child's CSII device. Questions 11-14 asked parents to provide a self-assessment of their CSII knowledge. RESULTS: Twenty-two parents of youth with T1DM participated in the study. Ten of the youth were in the Low-A1C group (A1C/=8%). Parents …

Clinical Management Of Intersex Abnormalities, Patricia Donahoe, David Powell, Mary Lee

Mary M. Lee

No abstract provided.

Physical Growth And Sexual Maturation Of Boys In Chapaevsk, Russia, Mary Lee, Oleg Sergeyev, Paige Williams, Susan Korrick, Vladimir Zeilert, Boris Revich, Russ Hauser

Mary M. Lee

We characterized physical growth and sexual maturation in 2,579 boys, ages 10 through 16.99 years, residing in Chapaevsk, Russia in order to establish region-specific reference data. Age-specific norms were established for height, weight, and BMI, and compared to US reference data by z-score analysis, while mean heights and weights by age were compared to published national Russian data. Compared to US boys, height was slightly lower (overall z-score -0.18) at all ages except the oldest (16-16.99 yr), while weight and BMI were moderately lower (overall z-score -0.52 and -0.61, respectively). Chapaevsk boys were significantly taller (1.15 cm) and thinner (-1.28 …

Guidelines For The Use Of Growth Hormone In Children With Short Stature., Mary Lee

Mary M. Lee

On the basis of the information currently available, the only conditions in which GH therapy appears to be safe and effective in increasing adult height are GH deficiency and, likely, Turner syndrome. Therapy with GH also increases the growth velocity of children with CRI and may increase adult height, but no long-term data are available. Encouraging short-term results have been reported in patients with a few other conditions, such as patients with glucocorticoid-induced growth failure, renal transplantation, and Prader-Willi syndrome, but the data are limited and no long-term studies have been reported; in many other conditions the data are either …

Correlation Of Cognitive Test Scores And Adequacy Of Treatment In Adolescents With Congenital Hypothyroidism., Mary Lee

Mary M. Lee

PURPOSE: To measure the frequency of noncompliance and its possible effect on school achievement test and cognitive test scores in our older patients with congenital hypothyroidism. METHODS: Fifty patients born from 1976 through 1978 were studied at home when they were 14 years of age. Each patient was given a battery of psychometric and school achievement tests, and blood for hormonal assays was drawn without forewarning from 36 of the patients on the day of examination. Efforts were made to improve control after the second year. During the third summer the tests were repeated in 25 of the 29 patients …

Effects Of Exercise Training On Cardiovascular Risk And Anti-Risk Factors In Adolescent Boys, Majid Koozehchian, Farzad Nazem, Mohmmad Panamtash, Brittanie Lockard, Richard Kreider

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Adolescence is a critical period in the formation of cardiovascular risk factors. Long-term exercise training has been found to be reversely related to risk factors levels in adolescents.

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of training (swimming and soccer) over a twelve week timeframe on some cardiovascular risk and anti-risk factors in adolescent boys.

METHODS: Forty two boys, including swimmers (SW n=14), soccer players (SO n=13), and a control group (C n=15) (Age=11.8±1.38yrs; Ht=149±.8.38cm; Wt=40±7.8kg) volunteered for this study. Fasting blood samples were obtained prior to initiation of training, at weeks 4, 8, and 12. A 3×4 repeated measures ANOVA with …

Test Of Effort In Obese Boys And Adolescents: Proposal For Classification By Maturity, Silene Montoro Barbosa, Roberto Teixeira Mendes, Miguel De Arruda, Antonio Barros Filho

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

With increasing of obesity in children and adolescents the specialized care services, for the most serious cases, become imperative. Child and Adolescent Obesity Clinic, in the Clinics Hospital/Unicamp give assistance to patients between 03 and 19 years, with BMI≥percentile 95 of the CDC curve. This assistance involves physicians, nutritionists, psychologists and physical educators. For orientation of physical activities and its follow-up an effort test is used, the "go-and-come" test (Course-Navette), wich was proposed by Leger and Lembert (1982-1988). Children maturity was classified according to criteria of pubescence of Tanner (1962). Subjects: 33 boys, aged between 7 and 18 years old. …

Engaging Latino Adolescent Girls In Physical Activity Intervention Planning In A Low-Income, Urban Environment, Laura A. Esparza, Daisy Y. Morales-Campos, Cynthia M. Mojica, Deborah Parra- Medina

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Latino adolescent girls are less physically active than the general adolescent population, which puts them at increased risk for obesity and chronic disease. The Physical Activity Partnership for Girls (PG) uses a community-based participatory research approach to assess community needs and priorities related to physical activity (PA) behaviors of middle school girls living in low-income, urban sectors of San Antonio, Texas. Input was sought from girls, parents, and youth-serving agencies serving the community to inform the development of an innovative PA intervention utilizing low-cost, mobile technology (texting) and social media that will be delivered through Girl Scout troops. We …