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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Investigating The Impact Of Environmentally Relevant Imidazole Concentrations On The Antifungal Susceptibility And Community Composition Of Soil Fungi, Farhaan Kanji
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Miconazole and clotrimazole are environmentally-persistent drugs that are entrained into crop soils through the application of biosolids. There is concern that environmental exposure to such azole antifungals, which inhibit fungal growth by disrupting the production of the fungal cell membrane component ergosterol, promotes resistance in clinically or agriculturally relevant fungi. Thus, either environmentally-relevant or excessive levels of these drugs were applied to microplots over ten years and compared with drug-free plots. Overall, ergosterol quantification, plates counts, and identification of >250 fungal isolates showed lower fungal counts and species richness in plots receiving excessive drug amounts. In addition, fungi from treated …
Development Of A Thermosensitive Endonuclease To Act As A Plasmid Kill-Switch, Christopher D. Leichthammer
Development Of A Thermosensitive Endonuclease To Act As A Plasmid Kill-Switch, Christopher D. Leichthammer
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Biocontainment is an integral part of biomedical research that aims to protect the environment and human health by containing hazardous or invasive organisms in the laboratory. Containment systems often rely on elaborate genetic circuits; however, cells may escape containment by developing mutations that render the genetic circuits inviable or resistant to killing mechanisms. The aim of this thesis was to create a site-specific nuclease for biocontainment of plasmids in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. LAGLIDADG homing endonucleases would be good candidate nucleases for a biocontainment system as they are resistant to mutations in their coding sequence and their target sequence in …
Characterizing The Diversity Of The Eukaryotic Microbiome In Marine Crustacean Zooplankton., Rose-Lynne Savage
Characterizing The Diversity Of The Eukaryotic Microbiome In Marine Crustacean Zooplankton., Rose-Lynne Savage
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Understanding zooplankton productivity is critical for modeling marine food web function, of which one poorly known factor is the influence of zooplankton symbionts. Zooplankton protist symbiont diversity is underestimated due to the limited surveys and techniques previously used. Using 18S V4 metabarcoding, I characterized the eukaryotic microbiomes associated with crustacean zooplankton from the northern Strait of Georgia, BC. Apostome ciliates were most abundant in all hosts except for cyclopoid copepods, which were dominated by Syndiniales. Most symbiont lineages were more abundant in one or two hosts, suggesting some degree of host preference. Microbiome data also provided information on diet, confirming …
Molecular Identification And Characterization Of Viral Pathogens Infecting Sweet Cherry, Aaron J. Simkovich
Molecular Identification And Characterization Of Viral Pathogens Infecting Sweet Cherry, Aaron J. Simkovich
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Stone fruits are a valuable crop grown worldwide, however pathogens such as viruses threaten fruit production by reducing tree health and fruit yield. In an orchard within the Niagara region of Ontario, symptoms typical of viral infection such as chlorosis and leaf deformation were seen on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees. Next generation sequencing was performed on symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves and four viruses were identified. On the tree displaying the most severe symptoms, Prune dwarf virus (PDV), was the only virus detected. A survey conducted during this work showed 42% of cherry trees on a single …
Staphylococcus Aureus Small Colony Variants Use Heme And Staphyloferrin B For Iron Acquisition, Izabela Z. Batko
Staphylococcus Aureus Small Colony Variants Use Heme And Staphyloferrin B For Iron Acquisition, Izabela Z. Batko
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Iron is an essential nutrient for the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Wild-type S. aureus utilizes various iron acquisition systems to support growth in iron deplete conditions. S. aureus small colony variants (SCVs) are associated with chronic infections, yet the mechanisms by which these variants acquire iron are unknown. Mutation of hemB, involved in heme biosynthesis, generated a stable SCV that was auxotrophic for hemin and formed small colonies on solid media. To support growth under iron deplete conditions, my data revealed that S. aureus hemB synthesizes the siderophore staphyloferrin B, but not staphyloferrin A, although both siderophores could be …
Investigation Of The Growth And Survival Of Staphylococcus Aureus In Cftr-Deficient Macrophages, Bita Azad
Investigation Of The Growth And Survival Of Staphylococcus Aureus In Cftr-Deficient Macrophages, Bita Azad
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Staphylococcus aureus and its small colony variants (SCVs) are commonly isolated from the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Although studies have suggested that cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR)-deficient macrophages are diminished in their ability to kill intracellular pathogens, whether this is true for CFTR-deficient macrophages infected with S. aureus or its SCVs is unknown. I employed gentamicin protection and eFluorÔ-670-based proliferation assays to assess the intracellular replication of S. aureus in CFTR inhibitor treated THP-1 and primary human macrophages, and in primary macrophages derived from CF patient blood. My work shows that the susceptibility of CFTR-deficient macrophages to the …
Investigating The Regulation Of Fatty Acid Efflux Pump Fare By Tetr Family Regulator Farr In Staphylococcus Aureus, Katherine A. Ferguson
Investigating The Regulation Of Fatty Acid Efflux Pump Fare By Tetr Family Regulator Farr In Staphylococcus Aureus, Katherine A. Ferguson
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The success of the USA300 strain of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus can be attributed in part to its enhanced ability to overcome innate defenses of the skin including sebum, which provides a source of antimicrobial unsaturated free fatty acids (uFFA). We have previously identified farE and farR genes that confer S. aureus resistance to uFFA, respectively encoding a uFFA efflux pump and a TetR family regulator required for farE expression. However, the exact regulatory mechanism of FarR remains to be elucidated. Here, we show the importance of a conserved TAGWTTA motif in FarR operator sites, such that the loss of …
Contraction Analysis Of Functional Competitive Lotka-Volterra Systems: Understanding Competition Between Modified Bacteria And Plasmodium Within Mosquitoes., Nickolas Goncharenko
Contraction Analysis Of Functional Competitive Lotka-Volterra Systems: Understanding Competition Between Modified Bacteria And Plasmodium Within Mosquitoes., Nickolas Goncharenko
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
We propose and analyze an extension to the classic Competitive Lotka-Volterra (CLV) model. The goal is to model competition between species, with a response from the environment. This response is a function of the population of all species and can represent numerous physical phenomena including resource limitation and immune response of a host due to infection. We name this new system a Functional Competitive Lotka-Volterra (FCLV) model. We mainly use the construction of contraction metrics, to determine global properties of the model. We use this result to analyze the competition between Plasmodium sp. and genetically engineered bacteria within the midgut …
Designing A Novel Hiv-1 Candidate Vaccine, Rahul Pawa
Designing A Novel Hiv-1 Candidate Vaccine, Rahul Pawa
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Currently no vaccine has been developed that can prevent the spread of HIV-1. During sexual transmission, a single viral variant called the Transmitted/Founder (T/F) purportedly with unique physical properties, establishes infection in 70-80% of individuals. Unlike previous studies that have tried to identify T/F viruses based on their structure glycan composition and amino acid sequence, we have analyzed the RNA sequences of HIV-1 to help identify T/F variants. Using a combination of both in silico data analysis and in vitro assays, we have identified that T/F viruses have higher numbers of immunostimulatory motifs than HIV virions that fail to infect. …
Using Probiotics To Flatten The Curve Of Coronavirus Disease Covid-2019 Pandemic., David Baud, Varvara Dimopoulou Agri, Glenn R Gibson, Gregor Reid, Eric Giannoni
Using Probiotics To Flatten The Curve Of Coronavirus Disease Covid-2019 Pandemic., David Baud, Varvara Dimopoulou Agri, Glenn R Gibson, Gregor Reid, Eric Giannoni
Microbiology & Immunology Publications
No abstract provided.