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Articles 31 - 60 of 245
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Vitamin D Status And Risk Of Incident Tuberculosis Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study, Systematic Review, And Individual-Participant Data Meta-Analysis, Omowunmi Aibana, Chuan-Chin Huang, Said Aboud, Alberto Arnedo-Pena, Mercedes C. Becerra, Juan Bautista Bellido-Blasco, Ramesh Bhosale, Roger Calderon, Rabia Hussain, Najeeha Talat Iqbal
Vitamin D Status And Risk Of Incident Tuberculosis Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study, Systematic Review, And Individual-Participant Data Meta-Analysis, Omowunmi Aibana, Chuan-Chin Huang, Said Aboud, Alberto Arnedo-Pena, Mercedes C. Becerra, Juan Bautista Bellido-Blasco, Ramesh Bhosale, Roger Calderon, Rabia Hussain, Najeeha Talat Iqbal
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Background: Few studies have evaluated the association between preexisting vitamin D deficiency and incident tuberculosis (TB). We assessed the impact of baseline vitamins D levels on TB disease risk.
Methods and Findings: We assessed the association between baseline vitamin D and incident TB in a prospective cohort of 6,751 HIV-negative household contacts of TB patients enrolled between September 1, 2009, and August 29, 2012, in Lima, Peru. We screened for TB disease at 2, 6, and 12 months after enrollment. We defined cases as household contacts who developed TB disease at least 15 days after enrollment of the index patient. …
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Against Metronidazole And Carbapenem In Clinical Anaerobic Isolates From Pakistan, Kauser Jabeen, Yusra Shafquat, Joveria Farooqi, Kiran Mehmood, Seema Irfan, Rumina Hasan, Afia Zafar
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Against Metronidazole And Carbapenem In Clinical Anaerobic Isolates From Pakistan, Kauser Jabeen, Yusra Shafquat, Joveria Farooqi, Kiran Mehmood, Seema Irfan, Rumina Hasan, Afia Zafar
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Background: Globally metronidazole and carbapenem resistance in anaerobic organisms is increasing necessitating continuous surveillance to guide selection of empirical treatment. In this study we have determined metronidazole resistance in anaerobes using MIC Evaluator strips (M.I.C.E strips). Carbapenem resistance was evaluated only in metronidazole resistant isolates.
Material and methods: The study was conducted at the Aga Khan University (AKU) Hospital laboratory, Karachi, Pakistan (2014–2017). Metronidazole and imipenem resistance was evaluated using M.I.C.E strips and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were interpreted using Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. Clinical details including demographics, prolonged hospital stay, malignancy, transplant, dialysis, diabetes, site of infection …
Blended Learning Mediated Fostering Of Students’ Engagement In An Undergraduate Medical Education Module, Lena Jafri, Hafsa Majid, Salman Siddiqi, Najmul Islam, Faraz Khurshid
Blended Learning Mediated Fostering Of Students’ Engagement In An Undergraduate Medical Education Module, Lena Jafri, Hafsa Majid, Salman Siddiqi, Najmul Islam, Faraz Khurshid
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Introduction: The study investigated students’ perception of introducing blended learning strategies to engage and motivate them towards lecture halls and Problem Based Learning (PBL) sessions for improving the quality of the overall students’ learning experience.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Medical College involving a total of one hundred four (104) year II medical students for the Endocrine and Reproduction module in the academic year 2018. This module ran for six weeks. Modifications in teaching methods were made for this module introduced after approval from Endocrine & Reproduction module, year II and curriculum committees. Written …
Value Of Dedicated Research Time For Imgs In Obtaining Surgical Residency Training Positions: A 10-Year Review Of Applicants From A Medical College In Pakistan, Mohammad Raheel Jajja, Marvi Tariq, Salila Shoaib Hashmi, Thomas F. Dodson, Rashida Ahmed
Value Of Dedicated Research Time For Imgs In Obtaining Surgical Residency Training Positions: A 10-Year Review Of Applicants From A Medical College In Pakistan, Mohammad Raheel Jajja, Marvi Tariq, Salila Shoaib Hashmi, Thomas F. Dodson, Rashida Ahmed
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Objective: International Medical Graduates (IMGs) secured greater than 10% of all general surgery (GS) residency positions in the US during the past decade. The Match process remains competitive, with a significant number of IMGs performing dedicated research before residency application. The impact of such research remains largely unknown. We aimed to provide an objective analysis of the impact of dedicated research time on obtaining a categorical GS residency position.
Design: Data for National Resident Matching Program Match results from 2008-2017 was compiled from annual Match lists of the Aga Khan University, Medical College (Karachi, Pakistan). Medical graduates provided this information …
Incidentally Found Metastatic Prostatic Carcinoma In A Therapeutic Orchiectomy Specimen, Zeeshan Uddin, Muhammad Bilal, Mohammad Ayaz Khan
Incidentally Found Metastatic Prostatic Carcinoma In A Therapeutic Orchiectomy Specimen, Zeeshan Uddin, Muhammad Bilal, Mohammad Ayaz Khan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Metastatic tumour involving the testis is a rare event. Incidental discovery of metastatic cancer in a therapeutic orchiectomy is even rarer. We report a case of metastatic adenocarcinoma prostate found incidentally in one of the bilateral therapeutic orchiectomy specimens. The patient was a 55-year-old man presenting with back ache and generalized body aches. Clinical examination showed malignant feel of prostate. Bone scan revealed metastatic disease and a serum PSA level of >100 ng/ml. Clinical diagnosis of carcinoma prostate was established and subsequent bilateral orchiectomy for hormonal deprivation was performed. On gross examination of left testis, there was a small 0.7 …
Expression Analysis Of Cyclooxygenase-2 In Patients Suffering From Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Shahida Tasneem, Muhammad Tahir Sarwa, Muhammad Rizwan Bashi, Hamid Hussain, Jawad Ahmed, Shahid Pervez
Expression Analysis Of Cyclooxygenase-2 In Patients Suffering From Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Shahida Tasneem, Muhammad Tahir Sarwa, Muhammad Rizwan Bashi, Hamid Hussain, Jawad Ahmed, Shahid Pervez
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the aggressive malignancies and mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain unclear. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme system plays a crucial role in many gastrointestinal malignancies and is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and transformation. More precise outcome of COX-2 in ESCC is less investigated. In this study we investigated the risk factors of ESCC and expression of COX-2 in Carcinoma in situ (CIS) and ESCC compared to normal esophageal mucosa. ESCC relationship to clinico-pathological parameters using immunohistochemistry was also part of this investigation. Current study was conducted in the Institute of …
Prospective Evaluation Of Serum Procalcitonin In Critically Ill Patients With Suspected Sepsis- Experience From A Tertiary Care Hospital In Pakistan, Sibtain Ahmed, Imran Siddiqui, Lena Jafri, Madiha Hashmi, Aysha Habib, Farooq Ghani
Prospective Evaluation Of Serum Procalcitonin In Critically Ill Patients With Suspected Sepsis- Experience From A Tertiary Care Hospital In Pakistan, Sibtain Ahmed, Imran Siddiqui, Lena Jafri, Madiha Hashmi, Aysha Habib, Farooq Ghani
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Background: Sepsis is the leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a promising marker for identification of bacterial sepsis. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of serum PCT concentration in patients with suspected sepsis admitted to mixed medical-surgical Intensive care unit (ICU).
Material and methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at section of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and ICU. Patients with suspected sepsis were included, serum PCT cut off ≥0.5 ng/ml was taken for diagnosing sepsis. Diagnostic accuracy was measured in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value …
Microbiological And Clinical Profile Of Infective Endocarditis Patients: An Observational Study Experience From Tertiary Care Center Karachi Pakistan, Uzma Shahid, Hasanat Sharif, Joveria Farooqi, Bushra Jamil, E. Khan
Microbiological And Clinical Profile Of Infective Endocarditis Patients: An Observational Study Experience From Tertiary Care Center Karachi Pakistan, Uzma Shahid, Hasanat Sharif, Joveria Farooqi, Bushra Jamil, E. Khan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Background:
The study analyzed microbiological and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of organisms isolated from patients with infective endocarditis (2015–17) and compared disease outcomes in cohorts of endocarditis patient with history of prior invasive vascular intervention (high risk group) vs those without (native valve group). We hypothesized that high risk group would be more likely to have severe disease outcomes.
Methods:
This was a prospective cohort study (2015–17). All blood and cardiac tissue samples of enrolled patients suspected of endocarditis according to modified Duke’s criteria were followed for microbiological and antimicrobial susceptibility profile. The high risk group was compared with the native …
Low Grade Mullerian Adenosarcoma Of Pouch Of Douglas Recurring As Bilateral Ovarian High Grade Mullerian Adenosarcoma With Rhabdomyosarcomatous Overgrowth After 11 Years, Sandeep Kumar, Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Usman Tariq
Low Grade Mullerian Adenosarcoma Of Pouch Of Douglas Recurring As Bilateral Ovarian High Grade Mullerian Adenosarcoma With Rhabdomyosarcomatous Overgrowth After 11 Years, Sandeep Kumar, Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Usman Tariq
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Mullerian adenosarcoma (MA) of ovary with sarcomatous (rhabdomyoblastic) overgrowth is an extremely rare malignant type of female genital tract neoplasm. These tumours are highly aggressive and presence of heterologous elements is associated with worse prognosis. A 44 year old female presented with lower abdominal pain and distension. She had history of removal of tumour from pouch of Douglas in 2006 for which she did not receive any additional treatment nor did she keep continuous follow up. Current preoperative radiological examination revealed bilateral ovarian masses. She underwent abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy. Microscopic examination revealed biphasic tumours exhibiting sarcomatous overgrowth with …
Her2 Basolateral Versus Circumferential Ihc Expression Is Dependent On Polarity And Differentiation Of Epithelial Cells In Gastric/Ge Adenocarcinoma, Shahid Pervez, Sidra Arshad, Brooj Abro
Her2 Basolateral Versus Circumferential Ihc Expression Is Dependent On Polarity And Differentiation Of Epithelial Cells In Gastric/Ge Adenocarcinoma, Shahid Pervez, Sidra Arshad, Brooj Abro
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Aim: Antigenic expression in epithelial cells can be heterogeneous which may pose a problem in immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of tumor markers, in particular, predictive markers like HER2. Studies have shown that epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains which are separated by tight junctions. The cell membrane in these two domains has a different composition of macromolecules and hence can have variable antigen expression on immunohistochemistry. In our study, we aimed to investigate this phenomenon of basolateral versus circumferential IHC staining of HER2 in gastric/GE adenocarcinoma.
Methods: We selected 45 cases of gastric/GE adenocarcinoma and evaluated equal number of …
Clinicopathologic Features Of Invasive Metaplastic And Micropapillary Breast Carcinoma: Comparison With Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Of Breast, Atif Ali Hashmi, Saher Aijaz, Raeesa Mahboob, Saadia Mehmood Khan, Muhammad Irfan, Narisa Iftikhar, Mariam Nisar, Maham Siddiqui, Muhammad Muzzammil Edhi, Naveen Faridi, Amir Khan
Clinicopathologic Features Of Invasive Metaplastic And Micropapillary Breast Carcinoma: Comparison With Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Of Breast, Atif Ali Hashmi, Saher Aijaz, Raeesa Mahboob, Saadia Mehmood Khan, Muhammad Irfan, Narisa Iftikhar, Mariam Nisar, Maham Siddiqui, Muhammad Muzzammil Edhi, Naveen Faridi, Amir Khan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of metaplastic breast carcinoma and invasive micropapillary carcinoma in our population and also to compare the clinico-pathologic features of metaplastic breast carcinoma and invasive micropapillary carcinoma with invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified (IDC, NOS).
Result: 86.9% of the cases were identified as ductal carcinoma, NOS, while 2.2% were metaplastic and 0.76% cases were micropapillary carcinoma. Metaplastic carcinomas were found to be of higher grade as compared to IDC, NOS as 81% of metaplastic carcinoma were grade III compared to 35% IDC, NOS. 79% of metaplastic carcinoma were ER …
Global Distribution Of Invasive Serotype 35d Streptococcus Pneumoniae Isolates Following Introduction Of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, Stephanie W. Lo, Rebecca A. Gladstone, Andries J. Van Tonder, Paulina A. Hawkins, Brenda Kwambana Adams, Jennifer E. Cornick, Shabir A. Madhi, Susan A. Nzenze, Mignon Du Plessis, Rama Kandasamy, Philip E. Carter, Sadia Shakoor
Global Distribution Of Invasive Serotype 35d Streptococcus Pneumoniae Isolates Following Introduction Of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, Stephanie W. Lo, Rebecca A. Gladstone, Andries J. Van Tonder, Paulina A. Hawkins, Brenda Kwambana Adams, Jennifer E. Cornick, Shabir A. Madhi, Susan A. Nzenze, Mignon Du Plessis, Rama Kandasamy, Philip E. Carter, Sadia Shakoor
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
A newly recognized pneumococcal serotype 35D, which differs from the 35B polysaccharide in structure and serology by not binding to factor serum 35a, was recently reported. The genetic basis for this distinctive serology is due to the presence of an inactivating mutation in wciG, which encodes an O-acetyltransferase responsible for O-acetylation of a galactofuranose. Here, we assessed the genomic data of a worldwide pneumococcal collection to identify serotype 35D isolates and understand their geographical distribution, genetic background and invasiveness potential. Of 21,980 pneumococcal isolates, 444 were originally typed as serotype 35B by PneumoCaT. Analysis of wciGrevealed 23 isolates …
Role Of Tnf Α, Il-6 And Cxcl10 In Dengue Disease Severity, Kiran I. Masood, Bushra Jamil, Maryam Rahim, Muniba Islam, Muhammad Farhan, Zahra Hasan
Role Of Tnf Α, Il-6 And Cxcl10 In Dengue Disease Severity, Kiran I. Masood, Bushra Jamil, Maryam Rahim, Muniba Islam, Muhammad Farhan, Zahra Hasan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Background and objective: Dengue virus infections (Dengue) have become increasingly common in Pakistan and can result in case fatalities if not managed appropriately. Patients with Dengue virus infection may be asymptomatic or present with Dengue fever (DF), Dengue with warning signs (DWS) or severe Dengue (SD). Severity in Dengue is coincident with an exacerbated production of lymphocyte-induced cytokines and chemokines which are associated with plasma leakage. We investigated the association of circulating levels of cytokines such as Interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and CXCL-10 in Dengue patients with differing severity of disease.
Material and methods: Dengue infection was confirmed …
Genetic Sequencing For Surveillance Of Drug Resistance In Tuberculosis In Highly Endemic Countries: A Multi-Country Population-Based Surveillance Study, Matteo Zignol Md, Andrea Maurizio Cabibbe, Anna S. Dean, Philippe Glaziou, Natavan Alikhanova, Cecilia Ama, Sönke Andres, Anna Barbova, Rumina Hasan, Zahra Hasan
Genetic Sequencing For Surveillance Of Drug Resistance In Tuberculosis In Highly Endemic Countries: A Multi-Country Population-Based Surveillance Study, Matteo Zignol Md, Andrea Maurizio Cabibbe, Anna S. Dean, Philippe Glaziou, Natavan Alikhanova, Cecilia Ama, Sönke Andres, Anna Barbova, Rumina Hasan, Zahra Hasan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Background: In many countries, regular monitoring of the emergence of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs is hampered by the limitations of phenotypic testing for drug susceptibility. We therefore evaluated the use of genetic sequencing for surveillance of drugresistance in tuberculosis.
Methods: Population-level surveys were done in hospitals and clinics in seven countries (Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Pakistan, Philippines, South Africa, and Ukraine) to evaluate the use of genetic sequencing to estimate the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosisisolates to rifampicin, isoniazid, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, pyrazinamide, kanamycin, amikacin, and capreomycin. For each drug, we assessed the accuracy of genetic sequencing by a comparison of the adjusted …
Diversity Unsupported Is Diversity Derailed, Kauser Jabeen, Kulsoom Ghias
Diversity Unsupported Is Diversity Derailed, Kauser Jabeen, Kulsoom Ghias
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
In this view point challenges of a diverse student body and its impact on quality of education and student’ social interactions are discussed. Enhanced institutional responsibility and ownership of all institutional members to provide adequate support for all individuals that make up the student body has been discussed as a major strategy to overcome these challenges.
Integrating Tuberculosis And Antimicrobial Resistance Control Programmes, Rumina Hasan, Sadia Shakoor, Johanna Hanefeld, Mishal Khan
Integrating Tuberculosis And Antimicrobial Resistance Control Programmes, Rumina Hasan, Sadia Shakoor, Johanna Hanefeld, Mishal Khan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Many low- and middle-income countries facing high levels of antimicrobial resistance, and the associated morbidity from ineffective treatment, also have a high burden of tuberculosis. Over recent decades many countries have developed effective laboratory and information systems for tuberculosis control. In this paper we describe how existing tuberculosis laboratory systems can be expanded to accommodate antimicrobial resistance functions. We show how such expansion in services may benefit tuberculosis case-finding and laboratory capacity through integration of laboratory services. We further summarize the synergies between high-level strategies on tuberculosis and antimicrobial resistance control. These provide a potential platform for the integration of …
Emergence Of An Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi Clone Harboring A Promiscuous Plasmid Encoding Resistance To Fluoroquinolones And Third-Generation Cephalosporins, Rumina Hasan, Sadia Shakoor, Farah Naz Farid, Dania Khalid Saeed, Ghazala Shaheen, Shahida Qureshi, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Muhammad Khalid Salim, Zahra Hasan, Elizabeth J. Klemma, Andrew J. Page, Kim Judge, Vanessa K. Wong, Timothy J. Dallman, Satheesh Nair, Stephen Baker, Gordon Dougan
Emergence Of An Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi Clone Harboring A Promiscuous Plasmid Encoding Resistance To Fluoroquinolones And Third-Generation Cephalosporins, Rumina Hasan, Sadia Shakoor, Farah Naz Farid, Dania Khalid Saeed, Ghazala Shaheen, Shahida Qureshi, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Muhammad Khalid Salim, Zahra Hasan, Elizabeth J. Klemma, Andrew J. Page, Kim Judge, Vanessa K. Wong, Timothy J. Dallman, Satheesh Nair, Stephen Baker, Gordon Dougan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Antibiotic resistance is a major problem in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates are prevalent in parts of Asia and Africa and are often associated with the dominant H58 haplotype. Reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones is also widespread, and sporadic cases of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins or azithromycin have also been reported. Here, we report the first large-scale emergence and spread of a novel S. Typhi clone harboring resistance to three first-line drugs (chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) as well as fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins in Sindh, Pakistan, which we classify as extensively drug resistant …
Lipoblastoma: A Clinicopathologic Review Of 23 Cases From A Major Tertiary Care Center Plus Detailed Review Of Literature, Jamshid Abdul Ghafar, Zubair Ahmad, Muhammad Usman Tariq, Naila Kayani Naila Kayani, Nasir Ud Din
Lipoblastoma: A Clinicopathologic Review Of 23 Cases From A Major Tertiary Care Center Plus Detailed Review Of Literature, Jamshid Abdul Ghafar, Zubair Ahmad, Muhammad Usman Tariq, Naila Kayani Naila Kayani, Nasir Ud Din
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Objective: Lipoblastoma is a rare neoplasm that occurs mostly in infants and children. Although benign, it has a tendency for local recurrence.
Results: Clinical and pathological features of 23 cases of lipoblastoma described. Patients’ age ranged from 8 months to 18 years with mean and median age 4.1 and 2.5 years, respectively. Male:female ratio was 2.8:1. Most common sites were lower extremities (9 cases), followed by abdominal cavity and retroperitoneum (4 cases), and scrotum/groin (3 cases). Grossly, 22 tumors were well circumscribed and multi nodular. All cases showed lobules composed of adi‑ pocytes and lipoblasts with intervening fbrous septa and …
Methylation In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Is Lineage Specific With Associated Mutations Present Globally, Jody Phelan, Paola Florez De Sessions, Leopold Tientcheu, Joao Perdigao, Diana Machado, Rumina Hasan, Zahra Hasan, Indra L. Bergval, Richard Anthony, Ruth Mcnerney
Methylation In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Is Lineage Specific With Associated Mutations Present Globally, Jody Phelan, Paola Florez De Sessions, Leopold Tientcheu, Joao Perdigao, Diana Machado, Rumina Hasan, Zahra Hasan, Indra L. Bergval, Richard Anthony, Ruth Mcnerney
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification of the genome involved in regulating crucial cellular processes, including transcription and chromosome stability. Advances in PacBio sequencing technologies can be used to robustly reveal methylation sites. The methylome of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is poorly understood but may be involved in virulence, hypoxic survival and the emergence of drug resistance. In the most extensive study to date, we characterise the methylome across the 4 major lineages of M. tuberculosis and 2 lineages of M. africanum, the leading causes of tuberculosis disease in humans. We reveal lineage-specific methylated motifs and strain-specific mutations that are …
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy For Analysis Of Kidney Stones, Aysha Habib Khan, Sheharbano Imran, Jamsheer Talati, Lena Jafri
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy For Analysis Of Kidney Stones, Aysha Habib Khan, Sheharbano Imran, Jamsheer Talati, Lena Jafri
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Purpose:
To compare the results of a chemical method of kidney stone analysis with the results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.
Materials and Methods:
Kidney stones collected between June and October 2015 were simultaneously analyzed by chemical and FT-IR methods.
Results:
Kidney stones (n=449) were collected from patients from 1 to 81 years old. Most stones were from adults, with only 11.5% from children (aged 3-16 years) and 1.5% from children aged adults, the calcium oxalate stone type, calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM, n=224), was the most common crystal, followed by uric acid and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD, n=83). In …
Prospective Comparison Of Point-Of-Care Device And Standard Analyzer For Monitoring Of International Normalized Ratio In Outpatient Oral Anticoagulant Clinic, Bushra Moiz, Ahmed Raheem, Anila Rashid, Muhammad Hasan, Lena Jafri
Prospective Comparison Of Point-Of-Care Device And Standard Analyzer For Monitoring Of International Normalized Ratio In Outpatient Oral Anticoagulant Clinic, Bushra Moiz, Ahmed Raheem, Anila Rashid, Muhammad Hasan, Lena Jafri
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Point-of-care testing (POCT) coagulometers are increasingly being used in the hospital setting and patients’ self-testing. We determined the agreement of prothrombin time international normalized ratio (INR) results by POCT coagulometer and laboratory instrument through a comparative analysis and investigated whether the results of POCT coagulometer can reliably be used without being confirmed by standard laboratory analyzer. A total of 200 INR measurements by POCT coagulometer (CoaguChek XS Pro) and laboratory analyzer (Sysmex CS2000i) were compared using Passing-Bablok regression analysis and Bland-Altman plot. Agreement of the INR measurement was further analyzed in relation to dosing decision. The correlation of INR measurements …
Neurological Involvement Associated With Plasmodium Vivax Malaria From Pakistan, Yousaf Abdullah Khan, Usman Hameed Mian, Najia Karim Ghanchi, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi, Mohammad Asim Beg
Neurological Involvement Associated With Plasmodium Vivax Malaria From Pakistan, Yousaf Abdullah Khan, Usman Hameed Mian, Najia Karim Ghanchi, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi, Mohammad Asim Beg
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Plasmodium vivax is the most common specie causing malaria outside Africa with approximately 13.8 million reported cases worldwide. We report case of P. vivax infection with cerebral involvement. A nine year old boy presented with high grade fever accompanied by projectile vomiting and abnormal behavior later he developed seizures, shock, and unconsciousness. P. vivax monoinfection was diagnosed based on peripheral smears and PCR. After antimalarial therapy, patient made full recovery. Current case highlights increasing trend of cerebral complications caused by P. vivax.
High Heterotrophic Counts In Potable Water And Antimicrobial Resistance Among Indicator Organisms In Two Peri-Urban Communities Of Karachi, Pakistan, Sadia Shakoor, Imran Ahmed, Saima Mukhtiar, Israr Ahmed, Farzeen Hirani, Shazia Sultana, Rumina Hasan
High Heterotrophic Counts In Potable Water And Antimicrobial Resistance Among Indicator Organisms In Two Peri-Urban Communities Of Karachi, Pakistan, Sadia Shakoor, Imran Ahmed, Saima Mukhtiar, Israr Ahmed, Farzeen Hirani, Shazia Sultana, Rumina Hasan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Objective: Fecal contamination of potable water leads to unsafe water supply. Although many urban areas of large metropolitan cities receive safe water, peri-urban areas are often not monitored by public health authorities and water supply and quality remain unknown. We assessed microbiological quality and rates of antimicrobial resistance in viable indicator bacteria in two peri-urban communities of Karachi, Pakistan. Water samples were collected over 5 months (October 2015 to February 2016) from these peri-urban communities and samples were processed for microbiological quality as per Standing Committee of Analysts, United Kingdom and World Health Organization guidelines and criteria for drinking water. …
High Burden Of Subclinical Lead Toxicity After Phase Out Of Lead From Petroleum In Pakistan, Hafsa Majid, Aysha Habib, Nadeem Ullah Khan, Imran Siddiqui, Farooq Ghani, Lena Jafri
High Burden Of Subclinical Lead Toxicity After Phase Out Of Lead From Petroleum In Pakistan, Hafsa Majid, Aysha Habib, Nadeem Ullah Khan, Imran Siddiqui, Farooq Ghani, Lena Jafri
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Objective: To evaluate the frequency of subclinical lead toxicity.
Study design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and duration of study: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 2011 to December 2014.
Methodology: Analysis of laboratory data for blood lead levels (BLL) was performed. Lead was tested by atomic absorption spectrometer. For all subjects, only initial test results were included while the results of repeated testing were excluded. Exemption was sought from institutional ethical review committee. BLL of 2-10 ug/dl and 10-70 ug/dl in children and adults, respectively were taken as subclinical lead toxicity.
Result: Amongst …
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms In Efflux Pumps Genes In Extensively Drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates From Pakistan, Akbar Kanji, Rumina Hasan, Asho Ali, Ambreen Zaver, Ying Zhang, Kehkashan Imtiaz, Wanliang Shi, Taane G. Clark, Ruth Mcnerney, Jody Phelan
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms In Efflux Pumps Genes In Extensively Drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates From Pakistan, Akbar Kanji, Rumina Hasan, Asho Ali, Ambreen Zaver, Ying Zhang, Kehkashan Imtiaz, Wanliang Shi, Taane G. Clark, Ruth Mcnerney, Jody Phelan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
It is challenging to understand mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) due to the large variability in resistance associated genes. Efflux pump genes contribute to drug resistance and thus add to this complexity. Efflux pump gene protein superfamilies have been characterized by genome analysis of drug resistant strains and through invitro transcriptional studies. However, there is limited information regarding efflux pump genes in extensively drug resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) isolates. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) based analysis of 37 extensively drug resistant (XDR) and five drug sensitive (DS) MTB clinical isolates was performed. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in efflux …
Susceptibility Pattern Of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus To Vancomycin And Other Alternate Agents: Report From A Private Sector Hospital Laboratory, Faryal Saleem, 1 Naima Fasih, Afia Zafar
Susceptibility Pattern Of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus To Vancomycin And Other Alternate Agents: Report From A Private Sector Hospital Laboratory, Faryal Saleem, 1 Naima Fasih, Afia Zafar
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
With increasing prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in clinical settings and injudicious use of antibiotics, resistance among MRSA against commonly used antibiotics is increasing. To assess the susceptibility pattern of MRSA against vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, rifampicin, fosfomycin fusidic acid, clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and teicoplanin, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for given antimicrobials were performed on 234 MRSA clinical isolates using automated VITEK 2 system. Vancomycin, linezolid, rifampicin, clindamycin, co-trimoxazole and teicoplanin susceptibilities were interpreted according to CLSI breakpoints, while tigecycline, fosfomycin and fusidic acid were interpreted according to BSAC breakpoints. All isolates were found susceptible to vancomycin, tigecycline, teicoplanin and linezolid. …
Susceptibility Pattern Of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus To Vancomycin And Other Alternate Agents: Report From A Private Sector Hospital Laboratory, Faryal Saleem, Naima Fasih, Afia Zafar
Susceptibility Pattern Of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus To Vancomycin And Other Alternate Agents: Report From A Private Sector Hospital Laboratory, Faryal Saleem, Naima Fasih, Afia Zafar
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
With increasing prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in clinical settings and injudicious use of antibiotics, resistance among MRSA against commonly used antibiotics is increasing. To assess the susceptibility pattern of MRSA against vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, rifampicin, fosfomycin fusidic acid, clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and teicoplanin, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for given antimicrobials were performed on 234 MRSA clinical isolates using automated VITEK 2 system. Vancomycin, linezolid, rifampicin, clindamycin, cotrimoxazole and teicoplanin susceptibilities were interpreted according to CLSI breakpoints, while tigecycline, fosfomycin and fusidic acid were interpreted according to BSAC breakpoints. All isolates were found susceptible to ancomycin, tigecycline, teicoplanin and linezolid. …
Frequency Of G6pd Mediterranean In Individuals With And Without Malaria In Southern Pakistan, Bushra Moiz, Haroon Muhammad Arshad, Ahmed Raheem Raheem, Hasan Hayat, Najia Karim Ghanchi, M Asim Beg
Frequency Of G6pd Mediterranean In Individuals With And Without Malaria In Southern Pakistan, Bushra Moiz, Haroon Muhammad Arshad, Ahmed Raheem Raheem, Hasan Hayat, Najia Karim Ghanchi, M Asim Beg
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Background: Pakistan has an estimated annual burden of 1.5 million malaria cases. The current situation calls for an efective malaria control and eradication programme in this country. Currently, primaquine is an attractive option for eliminating reservoirs of Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites and killing gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum. However, this drug causes haemolysis in individuals who are glucose-6-phosphate (G6PD) defcient. It is important to map G6PD defciency and malaria distribution in Pakistan to design an efective malaria eradication regimen. Frequency of G6PD defciency (G6PDd) in malaria patients has not been reported from Pakistan in any meaningful way. The purpose of this study …
Burden Of Zinc (Zn) Deficiency: A High Volume Clinical Laboratory Data Analysis, Hafsa Majid, Shabnum Khawaja, Aysha Habib Khan, Imran Siddqui, Farooq Ghani, Lena Jafri
Burden Of Zinc (Zn) Deficiency: A High Volume Clinical Laboratory Data Analysis, Hafsa Majid, Shabnum Khawaja, Aysha Habib Khan, Imran Siddqui, Farooq Ghani, Lena Jafri
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
A cross-sectional survey was done at the Section of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, AKUH, Karachi, to determine frequency of Zn deficiency, the second major micronutrient deficiency in developing countries, in subjects coming for investigations. Data of plasma Zn, from Jan 2013 to Dec 2014 was analyzed and deficiency was labeled at <65ug/dl. Total 469 subjects were tested for plasma Zn levels over the period of 24 months and complete information was available for 422 subjects, included in final analysis. Median age of subjects was 13 yrs (IQR 7-35) and 57% were male. Mean plasma Zn levels of the total subjects were 105±42.6ug/dl. Out of the total subjects 13.5% (n=57) had Zn deficiency (mean plasma Zn 52±11 ug/dl), and most of them were of age group 6-16yrs. These findings advocate that diet of Pakistani children should be revised in order to provide sufficient amounts of Zn.
Iron Overload Assessment In Beta Thalassemia Major - Is T2* Magnetic Resonance Imaging The Answer?, Natasha Ali
Iron Overload Assessment In Beta Thalassemia Major - Is T2* Magnetic Resonance Imaging The Answer?, Natasha Ali
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
No abstract provided.