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- Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (8)
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- Armases; chemical defenses; crab; decapod; feeding preferences; herbivory; plant- herbivore interactions; plant defenses; plant toughness; salt marsh; silica. (1)
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- VIMS Articles (17)
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Articles 31 - 60 of 67
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Rde Model: A Program For Simulating Water Wave Transformation For Harbor Planning, Jerome P.Y. Maa, T. W. Hsu, H. H. Hwung
Rde Model: A Program For Simulating Water Wave Transformation For Harbor Planning, Jerome P.Y. Maa, T. W. Hsu, H. H. Hwung
Reports
No abstract provided.
On The Utility And Disutility Of Jebar, Mark A. Cane, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, Alexander Krupitsky
On The Utility And Disutility Of Jebar, Mark A. Cane, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, Alexander Krupitsky
Faculty Publications
The usefulness of the concept of JEBAR, the joint effect of baroclinicity and relief, in large-scale ocean dynamics is critically analyzed. The authors address two questions. Does the JEBAR term properly characterize the joint impact of stratification and bottom topography on the ocean circulation? Do estimates of the JEBAR term from observational data allow reliable diagnostic calculations? The authors give a negative answer to the first question. The JEBAR term need not give a true measure of the effect of bottom relief in a stratified ocean. A simple two-layer model provides examples. As to the second question, it is demonstrated …
Observations Of Meridional Scale Frequency Dependence In The Coupled Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere System, Chunzai Z. Wang, Robert H. Weisberg
Observations Of Meridional Scale Frequency Dependence In The Coupled Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere System, Chunzai Z. Wang, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
It is generally observed in models of the coupled tropical ocean‐atmosphere system that the meridional scales for oscillations at interannual periods are larger than an oceanic equatorial Rossby radius of deformation. Using 9 years of the high‐resolution optimum interpolation sea surface temperature (SST) product of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), analyses are made on the frequency dependence of the observed meridional scales, with emphasis on the latitudinal structures in the central Pacific at 140°W. On the relatively short intraseasonal and seasonal timescales the SST variations are found to occur over a meridional scale …
Tropical Instability Wave Energetics: Observations From The Tropical Instability Wave Experiment, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg
Tropical Instability Wave Energetics: Observations From The Tropical Instability Wave Experiment, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Ocean velocity data from an array of subsurface moorings deployed from May 1990 to June 1991 during the Tropical Instability Wave Experiment are used to study the energetics of planetary waves in the vicinity of the equator at 140 degrees W. Such waves, observed from August to December 1990, were initiated by barotropic instability arising primarily from the cyclonic shear region of the South Equatorial Current and Equatorial Undercurrent just north of the equator. Subsequently, local barotropic production continued to maintain and modulate these tropical instability waves through a combination of cyclonic shear and meridional velocity component divergence just north …
Strata Formation On Margins (Strataform) S-60 And S-70 Sites Benthic Boundary Layer Tripod Data Report, December 1995 - March 1996, L. D. Wright, D. A. Hepworth, S. C. Kim, R. A. Gammisch
Strata Formation On Margins (Strataform) S-60 And S-70 Sites Benthic Boundary Layer Tripod Data Report, December 1995 - March 1996, L. D. Wright, D. A. Hepworth, S. C. Kim, R. A. Gammisch
Reports
No abstract provided.
1997 Annual Awards, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
1997 Annual Awards, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Miscellaneous
The Annual Awards ceremony is an occasion in which new employees and volunteers are introduced, employee service is recognized and student and faculty awards are presented.
Understanding The Success And Failure Of Oyster Populations: The Importance Of Sampled Variables And Sample Timing, Thomas M. Soniat, Eric N. Powell, Eileen E. Hofmann, John M. Klinck
Understanding The Success And Failure Of Oyster Populations: The Importance Of Sampled Variables And Sample Timing, Thomas M. Soniat, Eric N. Powell, Eileen E. Hofmann, John M. Klinck
CCPO Publications
One of the primary obstacles to understanding why some oyster populations are successful and others are not is the complex interaction of environmental variables with oyster physiology and with such population variables as the rates of recruitment and juvenile mortality. A numerical model is useful in investigating how population structure originates out of this complexity. We have monitored a suite of environmental conditions over an environmental gradient to document the importance of short time-scale variations in such variables as food supply, turbidity, and salinity. Then, using a coupled oyster disease population dynamics model, we examine the need for short rime-scale …
Sidescan Sonar Image, Surficial Geological Interpretation, And Bathymetry Of The Long Island Sound Sea Floor Off Milford, Connecticut, Roman Zajac, David C. Twichell, Larry J. Poppe, Ralph S. Lewis, Veeann Cross
Sidescan Sonar Image, Surficial Geological Interpretation, And Bathymetry Of The Long Island Sound Sea Floor Off Milford, Connecticut, Roman Zajac, David C. Twichell, Larry J. Poppe, Ralph S. Lewis, Veeann Cross
Biology and Environmental Science Faculty Publications
The surficial geology of a 6-km X 8-km section of the western part of Long Island Sound has been mapped. The map area is 4 to 12 km south of the mouth of the Housatonic River in 14 to 40 m water depth (see location map). This study is part of an interdisciplinary program to define the surficial geology and benthic habitats in Long Island Sound and to see how they are changing with time, and includes, in addition to this map area, the other survey areas shown on the location map. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the …
Virginia Institute Of Marine Science Programs And Services, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Virginia Institute Of Marine Science Programs And Services, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Miscellaneous
Programs and faculty, education and Institute support resources are described.
Sea Turtle Conservation Program, Broward County, Fl 1998 Report, Curtis M. Burney, William E. Margolis
Sea Turtle Conservation Program, Broward County, Fl 1998 Report, Curtis M. Burney, William E. Margolis
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports
No abstract provided.
The Extent And Condition Of Us Coral Reefs, Steven Miller, Steven Miller, Michael Crosby
The Extent And Condition Of Us Coral Reefs, Steven Miller, Steven Miller, Michael Crosby
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports
No abstract provided.
Seasonality In Digestive-Gland Size And Metabolism In Relation To Reproduction In Haliotis Kamtschatkana, Thomas H. Carefoot, Barbara E. Taylor, Deborah A. Donovan
Seasonality In Digestive-Gland Size And Metabolism In Relation To Reproduction In Haliotis Kamtschatkana, Thomas H. Carefoot, Barbara E. Taylor, Deborah A. Donovan
Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
A novel method of isolating digestive gland cells in abalone was used to provide information on the metabolic activity of this gland in Haliotis kamtschatkana. Activity, expressed as percent ·change in Vo2 of isolated cells before and after the addition of glucose and amino acid substrates, was studied in relation to sex and to seasonal changes in gonad and digestive gland indices. At 3- to 4-mo intervals between May 1995 and July 1996, five collections of 10 adult abalone (equal sexes) were made from the West Coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Each animal's live mass (without shell) was …
Effects Of Submergence On Embryonic Survival And Developmental Rate Of The Florida Applesnail, Pomacea Paludosa: Implications For Egg Predation And Marsh Management, Richard L. Turner
Effects Of Submergence On Embryonic Survival And Developmental Rate Of The Florida Applesnail, Pomacea Paludosa: Implications For Egg Predation And Marsh Management, Richard L. Turner
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Aerial deposition of egg clutches by the aquatic Florida applesnai! is believed to have evolved in response to aquatic egg predators. Adaptation to aerial conditions might, however. have rendered embryos intolerant of submergence, a potential occurrence in natural and managed marshes, rivers. and lakes. In this study, eggs were submerged in water for various durations in the laboratory to assess their ability to survive flooding; and clutches of known ages were submerged for several days in the field to determine if aquatic predators might decrease survival below levels expected to occur due to flooding alone. Submergence of clutches slowed embryonic …
Phytoplankton Composition Within The Tidal Freshwater Region Of The James River, Virginia, Harold G. Marshall, Lubomira Burchardt
Phytoplankton Composition Within The Tidal Freshwater Region Of The James River, Virginia, Harold G. Marshall, Lubomira Burchardt
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Based on a 10.5 year data set, 271 taxa were identified at a single tidal freshwater station in the James River. The mean monthly concentrations of major algal categories, total biomass and productivity are given. Diatom maxima were associated with peak periods of river discharge, with chlorophytes, cyanobacteria, and autotrophic picoplankton abundance and productivity greater during reduced river flow and more stable water conditions.
Cladistic Analysis Of 37 Mediterranean Bogidiellidae (Amphipoda), Including Bogidiella Arista, New Species, From Turkey, Stefan Koenemann, Ronald Vonk, Frederick R. Schram
Cladistic Analysis Of 37 Mediterranean Bogidiellidae (Amphipoda), Including Bogidiella Arista, New Species, From Turkey, Stefan Koenemann, Ronald Vonk, Frederick R. Schram
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
A new subterranean amphipod species, Bogidiella (Medigidiella) arista, found in the mesopsam mic ground waters of southern Anatolia, Turkey, is described, together with Bogidiella (Bogidiella) calicali Karaman, the latter being recorded for the first time in the eastern Mediterranean. A cladistic analysis of 37 Mediterranean species of the family Bogidiellidae is performed, using 4 species from the Canary Islands as an outgroup. Alternatively, 2 cladistic software packages, PAUP 3.1.1 and HENNIG86, are employed to calculate consensus trees of minimal length. The resulting trees show more or less identical robust clades, characterizing a central, a central-eastern, …
Mesozooplankton Distribution And Abundance In The Pagan River: A Nutrient Enriched Subestuary Of The James River, Virginia, Lillian N. Davis, Harold G. Marshall
Mesozooplankton Distribution And Abundance In The Pagan River: A Nutrient Enriched Subestuary Of The James River, Virginia, Lillian N. Davis, Harold G. Marshall
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The mesozooplankton in the Pagan River was dominated by calanoid copepods, with abundance peaks occurring during late winter-early spring and from late summer into early fall. This included spring, summer, and fall abundance maxima. The total mean abundance of the mesozooplankton was 3,008/m3.
Observations Of A Protistan Disease Similar To Qpx In Mercenaria Mercenaria (Hard Clams) From The Coast Of Massachusetts, Roxanna Smolowitz,, Dale Leavit, Frank Perkins
Observations Of A Protistan Disease Similar To Qpx In Mercenaria Mercenaria (Hard Clams) From The Coast Of Massachusetts, Roxanna Smolowitz,, Dale Leavit, Frank Perkins
VIMS Articles
During the summer and fall of 1995, in clam aquaculture leases at two locations on the coast of Massachusetts, significant mortalities were observed to occur primarily in 112" role="presentation" style="font-size: 0.9px; display: inline-block; position: relative;">- to 2-year old hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria,quahog) planted in the leases. Examination of hard clams from those leases suggested a parasite similar to QPX (Quahog Parasite Unknown), as described by Whyte, S. K., Cawthorn, R. J., and McGladdery, S. E. (1994,Can. Dis. Ag. Org.19, 129–136), was responsible for the poor condition of affected clams and the resulting high mortality. In …
Response Of Settling Oyster Larvae, Crassostrea Virginica, To Specific Portions Of The Visible Light Spectrum, Patrick Baker, Roger L. Mann
Response Of Settling Oyster Larvae, Crassostrea Virginica, To Specific Portions Of The Visible Light Spectrum, Patrick Baker, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
Settlement site choice was used to rest the ability of competent-to-settle oyster (Crassostrea virginica) larvae to detect specific portions of the visible light spectrum. Larvae were permitted to settle on illuminated or shaded sides of vertically oriented settlement substrates. Five light treatments were used, including white light (400-700 nm), three fractions of white light; red light (600-700 nm), green light (450-575 nm, peak at 525 nm), blue light (400-500 nm, peal; at 425 nm); and total darkness. In total darkness, no settlement preference for either side of the substrates was detected. In all light treatments, larvae settled in significantly higher …
Predation On Postlarvae And Juveniles Of The Shore Crab Carcinus Maenas: Importance Of Shelter, Size And Cannibalism, Po Moksnes, L Pihl, J Van Montfrans
Predation On Postlarvae And Juveniles Of The Shore Crab Carcinus Maenas: Importance Of Shelter, Size And Cannibalism, Po Moksnes, L Pihl, J Van Montfrans
VIMS Articles
Settlement and early juvenile stages are considered a bottleneck in the Life history of many epibenthic organisms because of high predation mortality. Nursery habitats may play an important role in mitigating settlement and post-settlement mortality by providing refuge from predation. We examined these relationships in postlarvae and early juvenile stages of the shore crab Carcinus maenas L. in laboratory and field tethering experiments. We studied habitat and size related habitat mortality using postlarvae and young juvenile crabs as prey, and various predators, including juvenile conspecifics, in several habitats common in shallow (0 to 1 m) soft bottom nursery areas on …
The Biogeochemical Cycling Of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen In Estuarine Sediments, David J. Burdige, Shilong Zheng
The Biogeochemical Cycling Of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen In Estuarine Sediments, David J. Burdige, Shilong Zheng
OES Faculty Publications
Benthic fluxes and pore-water profiles of dissolved organic nitrogen and carbon (DON and DOC, respectively) were determined in seasonal studies at contrasting sites in Chesapeake Bay. Pore-water dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations were elevated over bottom-water values, generally increased with depth, and ranged from 15 to similar to 160 μM for DON and ~200-2000 μM for DOC. Pore-water DOM concentrations and the C:N ratio of this material showed spatial (depth) and temporal changes that varied among the sites studied. These trends appeared to be related to differences in the types of sediment organic matter (SOM) undergoing remineralization, as well as …
Trace Element Signatures In Otoliths Record Natal River Of Juvenile American Shad (Alosa Sapidissima), Simon R. Thorrold, Cynthia M. Jones, Steven E. Campana, James W. Mclaren, Joseph W. H. Lam
Trace Element Signatures In Otoliths Record Natal River Of Juvenile American Shad (Alosa Sapidissima), Simon R. Thorrold, Cynthia M. Jones, Steven E. Campana, James W. Mclaren, Joseph W. H. Lam
OES Faculty Publications
The elemental composition of fish otoliths may represent a permanent record of the environmental conditions an individual has experienced as trace elements, incorporated into the growing surface of the otolith, reflect the physical and chemical characteristics of the ambient water. We tested the utility of trace element signatures in otoliths as natural tags of the river of origin of juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) collected from the Connecticut, Hudson and Delaware Rivers in August and October 1994. Four elements (K, Mn, Sr, and Ba) showed significant variability among sites within rivers in August, although only Mg showed a …
Oyster Reef Broodstock Enhancement In The Great Wicomico River, Virginia, Melissa Southworth, Roger L. Mann
Oyster Reef Broodstock Enhancement In The Great Wicomico River, Virginia, Melissa Southworth, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
The Great Wicomico River is a small, trap-type estuary on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay that once supported substantial oyster populations. These populations were essentially eliminated by the combined effects of Tropical Storm Agnes in 1972, and subsequent disease mortalities related to Perkinsus marinus and Haplosporidium nelsoni. Oyster broodstock enhancement was initiated in June 1996 by the construction of a three-dimensional intertidal reef with oyster shell, followed by the "seeding," in December 1996, of that reef with high densities of large oysters from disease-challenged populations in Pocomoke and Tangier Sound. Calculations of estimated fecundity of the reef population …
Blue Crab Resources In Other Countries: Implications For The Us Industry, Michael J. Oesterling
Blue Crab Resources In Other Countries: Implications For The Us Industry, Michael J. Oesterling
VIMS Articles
The blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, supports a major fishery in the United States. In recent years, domestic crab meat processors have been besieged by imports into their traditional national marketplace. The direct substitutability of the meat from other Callinectes species or other portunid crabs for domestically produced product has contributed to this influx. "Blue" crabs occur worldwide. Within the genus Callinectes, there are 14 different species, with distributions on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and along the Pacific coast of the Americas. Other species of portunid crabs that can be exploited for crab meat production occur throughout tropical regions …
Application Of Molecular Genetic Markers To Conservation Of Freshwater Bivalves, Margaret Mulvey, Hsiu-Ping Liu, Karen Kandl
Application Of Molecular Genetic Markers To Conservation Of Freshwater Bivalves, Margaret Mulvey, Hsiu-Ping Liu, Karen Kandl
VIMS Articles
Freshwater bivalves (Unionacea) are among the most endangered faunal elements in North America. Molecular genetic studies have much to offer conservation efforts directed to this declining fauna. Molecular genetic data can provide information needed to identify evolutionarily significant units, resolve taxonomic ambiguities, describe population structure, evaluate impacts of habitat fragmentation and reduced gene flow among populations, reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, clarify fish host-glochidia relationships, and provide evidence in legal actions. Molecular genetic techniques and their application to freshwater bivalves are reviewed.
Novel Optical Remote Sensing And Ground-Truthing Of Benthic Habitat Using The Burrow-Cutter-Diaz Plowing Sediment Profile Camera System (Bcd Sled), Gr Cutter Jr., Robert J. Diaz
Novel Optical Remote Sensing And Ground-Truthing Of Benthic Habitat Using The Burrow-Cutter-Diaz Plowing Sediment Profile Camera System (Bcd Sled), Gr Cutter Jr., Robert J. Diaz
VIMS Articles
The Jefferson Benthic Sled provides video sediment profile imagery of continuous cross-sectional data. Subsurface imaging is achieved by attaching a profile camera prism behind an agricultural plow that extends beneath the plane of the sled skids, slicing through the top 10 to 20 cm of sediment. The plowing video profile provides a high-resolution, real-time: remotely controlled view of the flat side of the plow furrow. Successful continuous profiles of up to 100 m have been collected. The equipment allows immediate characterization of benthic habitats, transition zones, sediment types, sediment oxidation layering, biological resources, and fisheries impact.
Microencapsulation As A Potential Control Technique Against Sabellid Worms In Abalone Culture, Jeffrey D. Shields, Ma Buchal, Cs Friedman
Microencapsulation As A Potential Control Technique Against Sabellid Worms In Abalone Culture, Jeffrey D. Shields, Ma Buchal, Cs Friedman
VIMS Articles
We have developed a novel application for lipid-walled microcapsules (LWMs) in the potential control of sabellid infestations in abalone aquaculture. The use of LWMs takes advantage of the filter-feeding nature of the worms, versus the herbivory of the host abalone. Initial observations indicated that the pest was capable of feeding on particles ranging from 3-30 mu m in size. Lipid-walled microcapsules were prepared using different combinations of lipids (tristearin, tripalmitin, and fish oil) to encapsulate water-based solutions. Feeding experiments using worm-infested shells indicated that in a relatively short time (30-60 min) most of the worms (80-95%) fed on the LWMs …
Estimation Of Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Standing Stock, Larval Production And Advective Loss In Relation To Observed Recruitment In The James River, Virginia, Roger L. Mann, David A. Evans
Estimation Of Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Standing Stock, Larval Production And Advective Loss In Relation To Observed Recruitment In The James River, Virginia, Roger L. Mann, David A. Evans
VIMS Articles
Standing stock and demographic data for oysters, Crassostrea virginica, in the James River, Virginia are used to generate spatial estimates of egg production on a reef-specific basis. Subsequent estimates are made of losses related to density-dependent fertilization, natural mortality in the plankton, advective loss related to estuarine circulation, availability of substrate (both absolute amounts and after occlusion by fouling organisms), limited competency of pediveligers to metamorphose, and post settlement mortality to an age of 4 wk post metamorphosis. Reef-specific egg production is highly variable on a per unit basis within the James. In all reef systems fertilization losses approach two …
Effects Of Periodic Environmental Hypoxia On Predation Of A Tethered Polychaete, Glycera Americana: Implications For Trophic Dynamics, Ja Nestlerode, R. J. Diaz
Effects Of Periodic Environmental Hypoxia On Predation Of A Tethered Polychaete, Glycera Americana: Implications For Trophic Dynamics, Ja Nestlerode, R. J. Diaz
VIMS Articles
Hypoxia and anoxia have significant deleterious ecological effects on living resources throughout many estuarine and marine ecosystems worldwide. Brief periods of low oxygen have the potential to facilitate transfer of benthic production to higher trophic levels as many benthic infaunal species have shallower sediment depth distributions during hypoxic events. In August-September 1994, a time-lapse camera equipped with a water quality datalogger was used to document in situ exploitation of a tethered prey organism (Glycera americana Leidy) by mobile fish and crustacean predators during alternating normoxia-hypoxia cycles in the York River, Virginia, USA. Based on photographic and diver observations, this hypoxia-induced …
Growth Dynamics Of Phaeocystis Antarctica-Dominated Plankton Assemblages From The Ross Sea, Walker O. Smith Jr., Ca Carlson, Hw Ducklow, Da Hansell
Growth Dynamics Of Phaeocystis Antarctica-Dominated Plankton Assemblages From The Ross Sea, Walker O. Smith Jr., Ca Carlson, Hw Ducklow, Da Hansell
VIMS Articles
Large-volume experiments were conducted using natural seawater assemblages collected in the southern Ross Sea during austral spring 1994 and summer 1995 to assess the carbon and nitrogen exchanges among phytoplankton, bacteria and dissolved organic carbon pools, and to compare the elemental partitioning in these experimental enclosures with those observed in situ. Large concentrations of particulate matter were produced in these enclosures, which were at all times dominated by the colonial haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica. Particulate organic carbon concentrations exceeded 200 mu mol l(-1) at the end of the experiment. Bacterial carbon comprised only a small (%) fraction of the particulate carbon, …
Using Metal-Ligand Binding Characteristics To Predict Metal Toxicity: Quantitative Ion Character-Activity Relationships (Qicars), Michael C. Newman, John T. Mccloskey, Christopher Tatara
Using Metal-Ligand Binding Characteristics To Predict Metal Toxicity: Quantitative Ion Character-Activity Relationships (Qicars), Michael C. Newman, John T. Mccloskey, Christopher Tatara
VIMS Articles
Ecological risk assessment can be enhanced with predictive models for metal toxicity. Modelings of published data were done under the simplifying assumption that intermetal trends in toxicity reflect relative metal-ligand complex stabilities. This idea has been invoked successfully since 1904 but has yet to be applied widely in quantitative ecotoxicology. Intermetal vends in toxicity were successfully modeled with ion characteristics reflecting metal binding to ligands for a wide range of effects. Most models were useful for predictive purposes based on an F-ratio criterion and cross-validation, but anomalous predictions did occur in speciation was ignored in general, models for metals with …