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Articles 1 - 30 of 56
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Rescape: Transforming Coral-Reefscape Images For Quantitative Analysis, Zachary Ferris, Eraldo Ribeiro, Tomofumi Nagata, Robert Van Woesik
Rescape: Transforming Coral-Reefscape Images For Quantitative Analysis, Zachary Ferris, Eraldo Ribeiro, Tomofumi Nagata, Robert Van Woesik
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Ever since the first image of a coral reef was captured in 1885, people worldwide have been accumulating images of coral reefscapes that document the historic conditions of reefs. However, these innumerable reefscape images suffer from perspective distortion, which reduces the apparent size of distant taxa, rendering the images unusable for quantitative analysis of reef conditions. Here we solve this century-long distortion problem by developing a novel computer-vision algorithm, ReScape, which removes the perspective distortion from reefscape images by transforming them into top-down views, making them usable for quantitative analysis of reef conditions. In doing so, we demonstrate the …
Branching And Pedicellariae In Basketstars And Snakestars Database, Richard L. Turner, Brenna O. O'Neill
Branching And Pedicellariae In Basketstars And Snakestars Database, Richard L. Turner, Brenna O. O'Neill
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Biodiversity Of The Indian River Lagoon System: A Cautionary Tale From The Birds, Richard L. Turner
Biodiversity Of The Indian River Lagoon System: A Cautionary Tale From The Birds, Richard L. Turner
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Prevailing dogma on comparative biodiversity of the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) stems mainly from one claim about ichthyofauna and two about avifauna. The extensive network of birdwatchers, clarity of bird taxonomy, long history of the Christmas Bird Count (CBC), and burgeoning database on ebird.org make birds excellent for geographic comparison. The 1985 claim that Merritt Island CBCs are often the ‘‘most speciose count’’ in the U.S. is unfounded. CBCs there in 1970–1985 never had the highest count, even compared to the nearby Cocoa site. For the 114th CBC (2013), it ranked 11th in Florida and 44th nationally. The 1989 claim …
Avian Biodiversity Of The Indian River Lagoon System, Florida, Richard L. Turner
Avian Biodiversity Of The Indian River Lagoon System, Florida, Richard L. Turner
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Despite claims about high avian biodiversity in the Indian River Lagoon system, previous efforts to inventory the birds have been limited in geographic extent or in habitat. Compilation of a list of birds could rely on many resources, but ones of widespread availability, greatest historical record, and highest density of sites are two citizen-science projects: the Christmas Bird Count (CBC) and eBird. Lists of species were harvested from 17 CBC sites (‘‘circles’’) back to 1910 and from 432 eBird sites (‘‘hotspots’’) since 2002 within the boundaries of the Indian River Lagoon National Estuary Program (IRLNEP). In addition to lagoon waters, …
Coral Reef Fishes Exhibit Beneficial Phenotypes Inside Marine Protected Areas, Robert Y. Fidler, Jessica Fidler, Kristen W. Rynerson, Danielle F. Matthews, Ralph G. Turingan
Coral Reef Fishes Exhibit Beneficial Phenotypes Inside Marine Protected Areas, Robert Y. Fidler, Jessica Fidler, Kristen W. Rynerson, Danielle F. Matthews, Ralph G. Turingan
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Human fishing effort is size-selective, preferentially removing the largest individuals from harvested stocks. Intensive, size-specific fishing mortality induces directional shifts in phenotypic frequencies towards the predominance of smaller and earlier-maturing individuals, which are among the primary causes of declining fish biomass. Fish that reproduce at smaller size and younger age produce fewer, smaller, and less viable larvae, severely reducing the reproductive capacity of harvested populations. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are extensively utilized in coral reefs for fisheries management, and are thought to mitigate the impacts of size-selective fishing mortality and supplement fished stocks through larval export. However, empirical evidence of …
Altered Environmental Light Drives Retinal Change In The Atlantic Tarpon (Megalops Atlanticus) Over Timescales Relevant To Marine Environmental Disturbance, Lorian E. Schweikert, Michael S. Grace
Altered Environmental Light Drives Retinal Change In The Atlantic Tarpon (Megalops Atlanticus) Over Timescales Relevant To Marine Environmental Disturbance, Lorian E. Schweikert, Michael S. Grace
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
For many fish species, retinal function changes between life history stages as part of an encoded developmental program. Retinal change is also known to exhibit plasticity because retinal form and function can be influenced by light exposure over the course of development. Aside from studies of gene expression, it remains largely unknown whether retinal plasticity can provide functional responses to short-term changes in environmental light quality. The aim of this study was to determine whether the structure and function of the fish retina can change in response to altered light intensity and spectrum—not over the course of a developmental regime, …
Variability Of Paralarval-Squid Occurrence In Meter-Net Tows From East Of Florida, Usa, Carrie A. Erickson, Clyde F.E. Roper, Michael Vecchione
Variability Of Paralarval-Squid Occurrence In Meter-Net Tows From East Of Florida, Usa, Carrie A. Erickson, Clyde F.E. Roper, Michael Vecchione
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
We attempted to determine cross-shelf, diel, and seasonal distribution patterns of paralarval cephalopods off eastern Florida during a 5-year study that employed both open-net and discrete-depth closing-net sampling. Based on our 303 samples, abundant and common squid taxa included the squid Doryteuthis spp., which tended to be in coastal and intermediate waters, and Abralia cf veranyi (Eye-Flash Squid), Illex spp. (shortfin squid), and Ommastrephidae Type A (which could include Ommastrephes bartramii [Neon Flying Squid] and Ornithoteuthis antillarum [Atlantic Bird Squid]), mostly in intermediate and Florida Current waters. Species diversity and abundance were usually greatest in Florida Current waters versus coastal …
Climate Change And The Threat Of Novel Marine Predators In Antarctica, Kathryn E. Smith, Richard B. Aronson, Brittan V. Steffel, Margaret O. Amsler, Sven Thatje, Hanumant Pratap Singh, Jeffrey S. Anderson, Cecilia J. Brothers, Alastair Brown, Daniel S. Ellis, J. N. Havenhand, W. R. James, P.-O. Moksnes, A. W. Randolph, T. Sayre-Mccord, J. B. Mcclintock
Climate Change And The Threat Of Novel Marine Predators In Antarctica, Kathryn E. Smith, Richard B. Aronson, Brittan V. Steffel, Margaret O. Amsler, Sven Thatje, Hanumant Pratap Singh, Jeffrey S. Anderson, Cecilia J. Brothers, Alastair Brown, Daniel S. Ellis, J. N. Havenhand, W. R. James, P.-O. Moksnes, A. W. Randolph, T. Sayre-Mccord, J. B. Mcclintock
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Historically low temperatures have severely limited skeleton-breaking predation on the Antarctic shelf, facilitating the evolution of a benthic fauna poorly defended against durophagy. Now, rapid warming of the Southern Ocean is restructuring Antarctic marine ecosystems as conditions become favorable for range expansions. Populations of the lithodid crab Paralomis birsteini currently inhabit some areas of the continental slope off Antarctica. They could potentially expand along the slope and upward to the outer continental shelf, where temperatures are no longer prohibitively low. We identified two sites inhabited by different densities of lithodids in the slope environment along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Analysis …
Repeated Thermal Stress, Shading, And Directional Selection In The Florida Reef Tract, Robert Van Woesik, Kelly R. Mccaffrey
Repeated Thermal Stress, Shading, And Directional Selection In The Florida Reef Tract, Robert Van Woesik, Kelly R. Mccaffrey
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Over the last three decades reef corals have been subjected to an unprecedented frequency and intensity of thermal-stress events, which have led to extensive coral bleaching, disease, and mortality. Over the next century, the climate is predicted to drive sea-surface temperatures to even higher levels, consequently increasing the risk of mass bleaching and disease outbreaks. Yet, there is considerable temporal and spatial variation in coral bleaching and in disease prevalence. Using data collected from 2,398 sites along the Florida reef tract from 2005 to 2015, this study examined the temporal and spatial patterns of coral bleaching and disease in relation …
Long-Term Site Fidelity Of Endangered Smalltooth Sawfish (Pristis Pectinata) From Different Mothers, Gregg R. Poulakis, Philip W. Stevens, Amy A. Timmers, Christopher J. Stafford, Demian D.F. Chapman, Kevin Andrew Feldheim, Michelle Ra Nae Heupel, Caitlin Curtis
Long-Term Site Fidelity Of Endangered Smalltooth Sawfish (Pristis Pectinata) From Different Mothers, Gregg R. Poulakis, Philip W. Stevens, Amy A. Timmers, Christopher J. Stafford, Demian D.F. Chapman, Kevin Andrew Feldheim, Michelle Ra Nae Heupel, Caitlin Curtis
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Understanding how endangered species use nursery habitats is vital for recovery planning. Research on the smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) has shown that areas of estuarine nurseries, called hotspots, are used consistently. The objectives of our study were 1) to determine whether 10 young-of-the-year smalltooth sawfish in an artificial, non-main-stem portion (i.e., a seawall canal system) of a hotspot were descended from one or different mothers and 2) to document long-term habitat use by these individuals. At least 4 mothers contributed to the group, which comprised siblings, half-siblings, and unrelated individuals. Young sawfish exhibited site fidelity to their capture location, spending …
Unprecedented Disease-Related Coral Mortality In Southeastern Florida, William F. Precht, Brooke Erin Gintert, Martha L. Robbart, Ryan Fura, Robert Van Woesik
Unprecedented Disease-Related Coral Mortality In Southeastern Florida, William F. Precht, Brooke Erin Gintert, Martha L. Robbart, Ryan Fura, Robert Van Woesik
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Anomalously high water temperatures, associated with climate change, are increasing the global prevalence of coral bleaching, coral diseases, and coral-mortality events. Coral bleaching and disease outbreaks are often inter-related phenomena, since many coral diseases are a consequence of opportunistic pathogens that further compromise thermally stressed colonies. Yet, most coral diseases have low prevalence (<5%), and are not considered contagious. By contrast, we document the impact of an extremely high-prevalence outbreak (61%) of white-plague disease at 14 sites off southeastern Florida. White-plague disease was observed near Virginia Key, Florida, in September 2014, and after 12 months had spread 100 km north and 30 km south. The disease outbreak directly followed a high temperature coral-bleaching event and affected at least 13 coral species. Eusmilia fastigiata, Meandrina meandrites, and Dichocoenia stokesi were the most heavily impacted coral species, and were reduced to <3% of their initial population densities. A number of other coral species, including Colpophyllia natans, Pseudodiploria strigosa, Diploria labyrinthiformis, and Orbicella annularis were reduced to <25% of their initial densities. The high prevalence of disease, the number of susceptible species, and the high mortality of corals affected suggests this disease outbreak is arguably one of the most lethal ever recorded on a contemporary coral reef.
Does Dark-Spot Syndrome Experimentally Transmit Among Caribbean Corals?, Carly J. Randall, Adán Guillermo Jordán-Garza, Erinn M. Muller, Robert Van Woesik
Does Dark-Spot Syndrome Experimentally Transmit Among Caribbean Corals?, Carly J. Randall, Adán Guillermo Jordán-Garza, Erinn M. Muller, Robert Van Woesik
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Over the last half-century, coral diseases have contributed to the rapid decline of coral populations throughout the Caribbean region. Some coral diseases appear to be potentially infectious, yet little is known about their modes of transmission. This study experimentally tested whether dark-spot syndrome on Siderastrea siderea was directly or indirectly transmissible to neighboring coral colonies.We also tested whether open wounds were necessary to facilitate disease transmission. At the completion of the experiments, we sampled bacterial communities on diseased, exposed, and healthy coral colonies to determine whether bacterial pathogens had transmitted to the susceptible colonies.We saw no evidence of either direct …
Keep Up Or Drown: Adjustment Of Western Pacific Coral Reefs To Sea-Level Rise In The 21st Century, Robert Van Woesik, Yimnang Golbuu, George Roff
Keep Up Or Drown: Adjustment Of Western Pacific Coral Reefs To Sea-Level Rise In The 21st Century, Robert Van Woesik, Yimnang Golbuu, George Roff
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Since the Mid-Holocene, some 5000 years ago, coral reefs in the Pacific Ocean have been vertically constrained by sea level. Contemporary sea-level rise is releasing these constraints, providing accommodation space for vertical reef expansion. Here, we show that Porites microatolls, from reef-flat environments in Palau (western Pacific Ocean), are ‘keeping up’ with contemporary sea-level rise. Measurements of 570 reef-flat Porites microatolls at 10 locations around Palau revealed recent vertical skeletal extension (78±13 mm) over the last 6–8 years, which is consistent with the timing of the recent increase in sea level. We modelled whether microatoll growth rates will potentially ‘keep …
The Micronesia Challenge: Assessing The Relative Contribution Of Stressors On Coral Reefs To Facilitate Science-To-Management Feedback, Peter C. Houk, Rodney Camacho, Steven Johnson, Matthew Mclean, Selino Maxin, Jorg Anson, Eugene Joseph, Osamu Nedlic, Marsten Luckymis, Robert Van Woesik
The Micronesia Challenge: Assessing The Relative Contribution Of Stressors On Coral Reefs To Facilitate Science-To-Management Feedback, Peter C. Houk, Rodney Camacho, Steven Johnson, Matthew Mclean, Selino Maxin, Jorg Anson, Eugene Joseph, Osamu Nedlic, Marsten Luckymis, Robert Van Woesik
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Fishing and pollution are chronic stressors that can prolong recovery of coral reefs and contribute to ecosystem decline. While this premise is generally accepted, management interventions are complicated because the contributions from individual stressors are difficult to distinguish. The present study examined the extent to which fishing pressure and pollution predicted progress towards the Micronesia Challenge, an international conservation strategy initiated by the political leaders of 6 nations to conserve at least 30% of marine resources by 2020. The analyses were rooted in a defined measure of coral-reef-ecosystem condition, comprised of biological metrics that described functional processes on coral reefs. …
Adrenal Gland And Lung Lesions In Gulf Of Mexico Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) Found Dead Following The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Stephanie Venn-Watson, Kathleen M. Colegrove, Jenny Litz, Michael Kinsel, Karen Terio, Jeremiah Saliki, Spencer Fire, Ruth Carmichael, Connie Chevis, Wendy Hatchett, Jonathan Pitchford, Mandy Tumlin, Cara Field, Suzanne Smith, Ruth Ewing, Deborah Fauquier, Gretchen Lovewell, Heidi Whitehead, David Rotstein, Wayne Mcfee, Erin Fougeres, Teri Rowles
Adrenal Gland And Lung Lesions In Gulf Of Mexico Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) Found Dead Following The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Stephanie Venn-Watson, Kathleen M. Colegrove, Jenny Litz, Michael Kinsel, Karen Terio, Jeremiah Saliki, Spencer Fire, Ruth Carmichael, Connie Chevis, Wendy Hatchett, Jonathan Pitchford, Mandy Tumlin, Cara Field, Suzanne Smith, Ruth Ewing, Deborah Fauquier, Gretchen Lovewell, Heidi Whitehead, David Rotstein, Wayne Mcfee, Erin Fougeres, Teri Rowles
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
A northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) cetacean unusual mortality event (UME) involving primarily bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama began in February 2010 and continued into 2014. Overlapping in time and space with this UME was the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, which was proposed as a contributing cause of adrenal disease, lung disease, and poor health in live dolphins examined during 2011 in Barataria Bay, Louisiana. To assess potential contributing factors and causes of deaths for stranded UME dolphins from June 2010 through December 2012, lung and adrenal gland tissues were histologically evaluated from 46 fresh …
Effects Of Ocean Acidification On The Dissolution Rates Of Reef-Coral Skeletons, Robert Van Woesik, Kelly Van Woesik, Liana Van Woesik, Sandra Van Woesik
Effects Of Ocean Acidification On The Dissolution Rates Of Reef-Coral Skeletons, Robert Van Woesik, Kelly Van Woesik, Liana Van Woesik, Sandra Van Woesik
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Ocean acidification threatens the foundation of tropical coral reefs. This study investigated three aspects of ocean acidification: (i) the rates at which perforate and imperforate coral-colony skeletons passively dissolve when pH is 7.8, which is predicted to occur globally by 2100, (ii) the rates of passive dissolution of corals with respect to coral-colony surface areas, and (iii) the comparative rates of a vertical reef-growth model, incorporating passive dissolution rates, and predicted sea-level rise. By 2100, when the ocean pH is expected to be 7.8, perforate Montipora coral skeletons will lose on average 15 kg CaCO3 m2 y1, which is approximately …
Persistence And Change In Community Composition Of Reef Corals Through Present, Past, And Future Climates, Robert Van Woesik, Peter J. Edmunds, Mehdi Adjeroud, Marissa L. Baskett, Iliana B. Baums, Ann F. Budd, Robert C.C. Carpenter, Nicholas S. Fabina, Tungyung Fan, Eric C. Franklin
Persistence And Change In Community Composition Of Reef Corals Through Present, Past, And Future Climates, Robert Van Woesik, Peter J. Edmunds, Mehdi Adjeroud, Marissa L. Baskett, Iliana B. Baums, Ann F. Budd, Robert C.C. Carpenter, Nicholas S. Fabina, Tungyung Fan, Eric C. Franklin
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
The reduction in coral cover on many contemporary tropical reefs suggests a different set of coral community assemblages will dominate future reefs. To evaluate the capacity of reef corals to persist over various time scales, we examined coral community dynamics in contemporary, fossil, and simulated future coral reef ecosystems. Based on studies between 1987 and 2012 at two locations in the Caribbean, and between 1981 and 2013 at five locations in the Indo-Pacific, we show that many coral genera declined in abundance, some showed no change in abundance, and a few coral genera increased in abundance. Whether the abundance of …
Genetic Variations In Two Seahorse Species (Hippocampus Mohnikei And Hippocampus Trimaculatus): Evidence For Middle Pleistocene Population Expansion, Yanhong Zhang, Nancy Kim Pham, Huixian Zhang, Junda Lin, Qiang Lin
Genetic Variations In Two Seahorse Species (Hippocampus Mohnikei And Hippocampus Trimaculatus): Evidence For Middle Pleistocene Population Expansion, Yanhong Zhang, Nancy Kim Pham, Huixian Zhang, Junda Lin, Qiang Lin
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Population genetic of seahorses is confidently influenced by their species-specific ecological requirements and life-history traits. In the present study, partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) and control region (CR) were obtained from 50 Hippocampus mohnikei and 92 H. trimaculatus from four zoogeographical zones. A total of 780 base pairs of cytb gene were sequenced to characterize mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity. The mtDNA marker revealed high haplotype diversity, low nucleotide diversity, and a lack of population structure across both populations of H. mohnikei and H. trimaculatus. A neighbour-joining (NJ) tree of cytb gene sequences showed that H. mohnikei haplotypes formed …
Quantifying Uncertainty And Resilience On Coral Reefs Using A Bayesian Approach, Robert Van Woesik
Quantifying Uncertainty And Resilience On Coral Reefs Using A Bayesian Approach, Robert Van Woesik
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Coral reefs are rapidly deteriorating globally. The contemporary management option favors managing for resilience to provide reefs with the capacity to tolerate human-induced disturbances. Yet resilience is most commonly defined as the capacity of a system to absorb disturbances without changing fundamental processes or functionality. Quantifying no change, or the uncertainty of a null hypothesis, is nonsensical using frequentist statistics, but is achievable using a Bayesian approach. This study outlines a practical Bayesian framework that quantifies the resilience of coral reefs using two inter-related models. The first model examines the functionality of coral reefs in the context of their reef-building …
Photographic Survey Of Benthos Provides Insights Into The Antarctic Fish Fauna From The Marguerite Bay Slope And The Amundsen Sea, Joseph T. Eastman, Margaret O. Amsler, Richard D. Aronson, Sven Thatje, James Mcclintock, Stephanie C. Vos, Jeffrey W. Kaeli, Hanumant Singh, Mario La Mesa
Photographic Survey Of Benthos Provides Insights Into The Antarctic Fish Fauna From The Marguerite Bay Slope And The Amundsen Sea, Joseph T. Eastman, Margaret O. Amsler, Richard D. Aronson, Sven Thatje, James Mcclintock, Stephanie C. Vos, Jeffrey W. Kaeli, Hanumant Singh, Mario La Mesa
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
We reviewed photographic images of fishes from depths of 381–2282m in Marguerite Bay and 405–2007m in the Amundsen Sea. Marguerite Bay fishes were 33% notothenioids and 67% non-notothenioids. Channichthyids (47%) and nototheniids (44%) were the most abundant notothenioids. The deep-living channichthyid Chionobathyscus dewitti (74%) and the nototheniid genus Trematomus (66%) were the most abundant taxa within these two families. The most abundant non-notothenioids were the macrourid Macrourus whitsoni (72%) and zoarcids (18%). Amundsen Sea fishes were 87% notothenioids and 13% non-notothenioids, the latter exclusively Macrourus whitsoni. Bathydraconids (38%) and artedidraconids (30%) were the most abundant notothenioids. We observed that Macrourus …
Depth-Variable Settlement Patterns And Predation Influence On Newly Settled Reef Fishes (Haemulon Spp., Haemulidae), Lance K.B. Jordan, Kenyon C. Lindeman, Richard E. Spieler
Depth-Variable Settlement Patterns And Predation Influence On Newly Settled Reef Fishes (Haemulon Spp., Haemulidae), Lance K.B. Jordan, Kenyon C. Lindeman, Richard E. Spieler
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
During early demersal ontogeny, many marine fishes display complex habitat-use patterns. Grunts of the speciose genus Haemulon are among the most abundant fishes on western North Atlantic coral reefs, with most species settling to shallow habitats (≤12 m). To gain understanding into cross-shelf distributional patterns exhibited by newly settled stages of grunts (<2 cm total length), we examined: 1) depth-specific distributions of congeners at settlement among sites at 8 m, 12 m, and 21 m, and 2) depth-variable predation pressure on newly settled individuals (species pooled). Of the six species identified from collections of newly settled specimens (n = 2125), Haemulon aurolineatum (tomtate), H. flavolineatum (French grunt), and H. striatum (striped grunt) comprised 98% of the total abundance; with the first two species present at all sites. Prevalence of H. aurolineatum and H. flavolineatum decreased substantially from the 8-m site to the two deeper sites. In contrast, H. striatum was absent from the 8-m site and exhibited its highest frequency at the 21-m site. Comparison of newly settled grunt delta density for all species on caged (predator exclusion) and control artificial reefs at the shallowest site (8-m) revealed no difference, while the 12-m and 21-m sites exhibited significantly greater delta densities on the caged treatment. This result, along with significantly higher abundances of co-occurring piscivorous fishes at the deeper sites, indicated lower predation pressure at the 8-m site. This study suggests habitat-use patterns of newly settled stages of some coral reef fishes that undergo ontogenetic shifts are a function of depth-variable predation pressure while, for at least one deeper-water species, proximity to adult habitat appears to be an important factor affecting settlement distribution.
Predicting Coral Recruitment In Palau’S Complex Reef Archipelago, Yimnang Golbuu, Eric C. Wolanski, Jacques Wasai Idechong, Steven Victor, Adelle Lukes Isechal, Noelle Wenty Oldiais, David Idip, Robert H. Richmond, Robert Van Woesik
Predicting Coral Recruitment In Palau’S Complex Reef Archipelago, Yimnang Golbuu, Eric C. Wolanski, Jacques Wasai Idechong, Steven Victor, Adelle Lukes Isechal, Noelle Wenty Oldiais, David Idip, Robert H. Richmond, Robert Van Woesik
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Reproduction and recruitment are key processes that replenish marine populations. Here we use the Palau archipelago, in the western Pacific Ocean, as a case study to examine scales of connectivity and to determine whether an oceanographic model, incorporating the complex reef architecture, is a useful predictor of coral recruitment. We tested the hypothesis that the reefs with the highest retention also had the highest densities of juvenile coral density from 80 field sites. Field comparisons showed a significant correlation between the densities of juvenile Acropora colonies and total larval recruitment derived from the model (i.e., calculated as the sum of …
Prioritizing Key Resilience Indicators To Support Coral Reef Management In A Changing Climate, Tim R. Mcclanahan, Simon D. Donner, Jeffrey Allen Maynard, M. Aaron Macneil, Nicholas Anthony James Graham, Joseph M. Maina, Andrew C. Baker, Jahson Berhane Alemu I, Maria Beger, Robert Van Woesik
Prioritizing Key Resilience Indicators To Support Coral Reef Management In A Changing Climate, Tim R. Mcclanahan, Simon D. Donner, Jeffrey Allen Maynard, M. Aaron Macneil, Nicholas Anthony James Graham, Joseph M. Maina, Andrew C. Baker, Jahson Berhane Alemu I, Maria Beger, Robert Van Woesik
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Managing coral reefs for resilience to climate change is a popular concept but has been difficult to implement because the empirical scientific evidence has either not been evaluated or is sometimes unsupportive of theory, which leads to uncertainty when considering methods and identifying priority reefs. We asked experts and reviewed the scientific literature for guidance on the multiple physical and biological factors that affect the ability of coral reefs to resist and recover from climate disturbance. Eleven key factors to inform decisions based on scaling scientific evidence and the achievability of quantifying the factors were identified. Factors important to resistance …
The Consumption Of Dha During Embryogenesis As An Indicative Of The Need To Supply Dha During Early Larval Development: A Review, Joana Figueiredo, Junda Lin, Justin Anto, Luis Narciso
The Consumption Of Dha During Embryogenesis As An Indicative Of The Need To Supply Dha During Early Larval Development: A Review, Joana Figueiredo, Junda Lin, Justin Anto, Luis Narciso
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
The establishment of an adequate larval diet for crustacean and fish often involves a series of time-consuming and expensive trial and errors. Despite being nutritionally poor, rotifers and Artemia are the most commonly used preys in larviculture. Whether (and to what extent) the prey needs to be enriched with essential fatty acids differs from species to species. We hypothesized that the DHA content of a newly spawned eggs and its consumption through embryogenesis can be a good indicator of the need to enrich the prey with DHA. In order to assess this hypothesis, we performed a search in the scientifc …
The Dynamics Of Reproductive Rate, Offspring Survivorship And Growth In The Lined Seahorse, Hippocampus Erectus Perry, 1810, Qiang Lin, Gang Li, Geng Qin, Liangmin Huang, Hushan Sun, Peiyong Feng
The Dynamics Of Reproductive Rate, Offspring Survivorship And Growth In The Lined Seahorse, Hippocampus Erectus Perry, 1810, Qiang Lin, Gang Li, Geng Qin, Liangmin Huang, Hushan Sun, Peiyong Feng
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Seahorses are the vertebrate group with the embryonic development occurring within a special pouch in males. To understand the reproductive efficiency of the lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810 under controlled breeding experiments, we investigated the dynamics of reproductive rate, offspring survivorship and growth over births by the same male seahorses. The mean brood size of the 1-year old pairs in the 1st birth was 85.4±56.9 per brood, which was significantly smaller than that in the 6th birth (465.9±136.4 per brood) (P<0.001). The offspring survivorship and growth rate increased with the births. The fecundity was positively correlated with the length of brood pouches of males and trunk of females. The fecundity of 1-year old male and 2-year old female pairs was significantly higher than that from 1-year old couples (P<0.001). The brood size (552.7±150.4) of the males who mated with females that were isolated for the gamete-preparation, was larger than those (467.8±141.2) from the long-term pairs (P<0.05). Moreover, the offspring from the isolated females had higher survival and growth rates. Our results showed that the potential reproductive rate of seahorses H. erectus increased with the brood pouch development.
Potential Impacts Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill On Large Pelagic Fishes, Sarah Frias-Torres, Charles R. Bostater
Potential Impacts Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill On Large Pelagic Fishes, Sarah Frias-Torres, Charles R. Bostater
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Biogeographical analyses provide insights on how the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacted large pelagic fishes. We georeferenced historical ichthyoplankton surveys and published literature to map the spawning and larval areas of bluefin tuna, swordfish, blue marlin and whale shark sightings in the Gulf of Mexico with daily satellite-derived images detecting surface oil. The oil spill covered critical areas used by large pelagic fishes. Surface oil was detected in 100% of the northernmost whale shark sightings, in 32.8 % of the bluefin tuna spawning area and 38 % of the blue marlin larval area. No surface oil was detected in the …
Simultaneously Hermaphroditic Shrimp Use Lipophilic Cuticular Hydrocarbons As Contact Sex Pheromones, Dong Zhang, John A. Terschak, Maggy A. Harley, Junda Lin, Jörg D. Hardege
Simultaneously Hermaphroditic Shrimp Use Lipophilic Cuticular Hydrocarbons As Contact Sex Pheromones, Dong Zhang, John A. Terschak, Maggy A. Harley, Junda Lin, Jörg D. Hardege
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Successful mating is essentially a consequence of making the right choices at the correct time. Animals use specific strategies to gain information about a potential mate, which is then applied to decision-making processes. Amongst the many informative signals, odor cues such as sex pheromones play important ecological roles in coordinating mating behavior, enabling mate and kin recognition, qualifying mate choice, and preventing gene exchange among individuals from different populations and species. Despite overwhelming behavioral evidence, the chemical identity of most cues used in aquatic organisms remains unknown and their impact and omnipresence have not been fully recognized. In many crustaceans, …
Metals In Sediments And Clams From The Indian River Lagoon, Florida: 2006–7 Versus 1992, John H. Trefry, Robert P. Trocine
Metals In Sediments And Clams From The Indian River Lagoon, Florida: 2006–7 Versus 1992, John H. Trefry, Robert P. Trocine
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
A 1992 survey of metal concentrations in sediments and clams from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, was repeated during 2006–7. Concentrations of Cr, Ni, Se and V in sediments were at background values during both surveys with no indication of anthropogenic inputs. Average values for Ag, Cd and Zn in sediments, normalized to Al, were unchanged, but contamination was identified at several locations during both surveys. The proportion of sites with elevated values for sediment Cu, Hg and Pb increased between 1992 and 2006–7 from 22 to 65%, 9 to 35%, and 13 to 39%, respectively, with highest values near …
Distribution Of The Hermit Crabs Clibanarius Vittatus And Pagurus Maclaughlinae In The Northern Indian River Lagoon, Florida: A Reassessment After 30 Years, Christopher J. Kelly, Richard L. Turner
Distribution Of The Hermit Crabs Clibanarius Vittatus And Pagurus Maclaughlinae In The Northern Indian River Lagoon, Florida: A Reassessment After 30 Years, Christopher J. Kelly, Richard L. Turner
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
The present distribution of two hermit crabs, Clibanarius vittatus and Pagurus maclaughlinae, was assessed for comparison with a study done more than 30 yr ago on decapods of the region. Clibanarius vittatus presently occurs in low or moderate density only at Sebastian Inlet. Retreat of C. vittatus from sites that it formerly occupied is attributed to intolerance of its larvae to low salinities recorded in the lagoon during recent reproductive seasons. Pagurus maclaughlinae remains the most abundant and widespread hermit crab in the lagoon. Its present distribution seems unchanged from the reference study despite prolonged periods, sometimes years, during which …
Caribbean Corals In Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, And Mortality In 2005, Erinn M. Muller, Mark C. Eakin, Jessica A. Morgan, Scott F. Heron, Tyler B. Smith, Gang Liu, Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip, Bart J. Baca, Erich Bartles, Carolina Bastidas
Caribbean Corals In Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, And Mortality In 2005, Erinn M. Muller, Mark C. Eakin, Jessica A. Morgan, Scott F. Heron, Tyler B. Smith, Gang Liu, Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip, Bart J. Baca, Erich Bartles, Carolina Bastidas
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin. Methodology/Principal Findings: Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the iming and location of researchers' field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts …