Life Sciences Commons^™

Simplifying The Transformative Use Doctrine: Analyzing Transformative Expression In Ea’S Ncaa Football Sport Video Games, Thomas A. Baker, Kevin Byon, John Grady, Beth Cianfrone

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Compounding Crisis Events And The Organizational Response, Timothy Kellison, Jordan R. Bass, Justin Lovich, Kyle Bunds

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Given the high visibility of big-time sport organizations, decisions made regarding hiring and firing, salaries and promotions, and strategic planning are subject to scrutiny from a number of sources, including employees, fans, alumni, boosters, competitors, political leaders, and the media. In this article, a decision-making model that illustrates three paths sport managers may take when responding to crisis events is presented. These paths include: resolution, escalation, and pacification. In every case, decision makers engage in organizational perception management to protect (or repair) their organization’s reputation and image. The model is applied to several recent crisis events in sport to further …

Considering The Social Impact Of Sustainable Stadium Design, Timothy Kellison, Sylvia Trendafilova, Brian Mccullough

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

As the environmental movement continues to grow steadily around the world, sports organizations are facing an increasing number of calls to reduce the negative impacts of their facilities and events on the natural environment. Given the wide popularity of professional sport across cultures, the adoption of pro-environmental initiatives by prominent teams also has the potential to inspire positive social change among spectators and fans. For organizations, perhaps the most visible symbol of environmental stewardship is the construction (or retrofitting) of proenvironmental arenas, ballparks, and stadiums. Despite their growing popularity, eco-friendly sports facilities represent less than 40% of new stadium constructions …

Building Sport’S Green Houses: Issues In Sustainable Facility Management, Timothy Kellison

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

This chapter discusses the current trends in sustainable sport facility design, with a focus on sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, indoor environmental quality, and innovation in design and operations. The chapter explores the integration of pro-environmental design in the planning, construction, operation, and maintenance of sport facilities. The environmental, economic, and social benefits of sustainable design represent compelling reasons to engage in pro-environmental behavior. Owners of green sport facilities may realize positive publicity, new sponsorship opportunities, tax credits, reduced utility costs, longer facility lifecycles, and long-term savings They often draw tens of thousands of people …

The Adoption And Diffusion Of Pro-Environmental Stadium Design, Timothy Kellison, Sungil Hong

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Research question: Owners and architects face mounting pressure to incorporate environmentally sustainable features in new arenas, ballparks, and stadiums. In this study, we apply Rogers’ diffusion-of-innovations framework to highlight the key influencers and factors contributing to the decision to adopt pro-environmental initiatives.

Research method: We conducted interviews with 13 senior architects whose portfolios collectively contained over 25 eco-friendly sport facilities spanning Europe, Australia, Africa, and North America. The facilities discussed were used for a variety of leagues and events, including FIFA World Cup, the Olympic and Paralympic Games, college football and basketball, Major League Baseball (MLB), and the National Football …

Pro-Inflammatory Mediation Of Myoblast Proliferation, Jeffrey Scott Otis, Sarah Niccoli, Nicole Hawdon, Jessica L. Sarvas, Melinda A. Frye, Adam J. Chicco, Simon J. Lees

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Skeletal muscle satellite cell function is largely dictated by the surrounding environment following injury. Immune cell infiltration dominates the extracellular space in the injured area, resulting in increased cytokine concentrations. While increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression has been previously established in the first 3 days following injury, less is known about the time course of cytokine expression and the specific mechanisms of cytokine induced myoblast function. Therefore, the expression of IL-1b and IL-6 at several time points following injury, and their effects on myoblast proliferation, were examined. In order to do this, skeletal muscle was injured using barium chloride in mice …

A Content Analysis Of The European Sport Management Quarterly And Its Predecessor The European Journal For Sport Management: 1984-2012, Brenda Pitts, Karen Danylchuk, Jerome Quarterman

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

A profession must be built upon a sound body of knowledge in order for its professional status to be recognized and considered credible by society (Zeigler, 1987). The body of literature should also reflect and define the field (Fielding, Pitts, & Miller, 1991). To that end, examining the state of a body of literature is essential as the findings can reveal such significant information as content, trends, author collaboration, and topical gaps and disparities. The purpose of this study was to examine the European Sport Management Quarterly and its predecessor the European Journal for Sport Management. A content analysis of …

Exploring The Work–Life Balance Of Intercollegiate Athletic Graduate Assistants: A Preliminary Study Of Work–Extracurricular Conflict, Shaina M. Ervin, Beth Cianfrone

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Intercollegiate athletics are a popular and competitive field, with employees drawn to a dynamic, yet untraditional work environment with varying work hours. The struggle of achieving work-life balance has received considerable study in sport, as employees often find a conflict in balancing their job and other life responsibilities, such as family (work-family conflict). This chapter introduces a new area of potential employee internal conflict, work-extracurricular conflict, which encompasses everything outside of work and family, such spiritual, hobbies, exercise/health, school, and social activities. This conflict may be especially relevant to a segment of the industry which is rarely studied, intercollegiate athletic …

Civic Paternalism In Political Policymaking: The Justification For No-Vote Stadium Subsidies, Timothy Kellison, Michael Mondello

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Direct democracy practices such as initiatives and referenda are increasingly ignored or circumvented by political leaders who allocate subsidies toward new professional sport stadium developments. In a democracy, such a means of governing may be problematic if the outcome is unreflective of the public will. The existing literature makes several theoretical connections for this line of political decision-making, including urban growth machines and trustee–delegate representation. In this paper, these concepts are integrated with empirical evidence to support the conceptualization of civic paternalism, a term that provides partial description of the political decision-making process. Civic paternalists justify their decisions by arguing …

Academic To Consultant: A Pilot Study On Sport Marketing Research, Windy Dees, Warren Whisenant, Brenda Pitts

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the level of consultancy currently taking place between Sport Management faculty and their respective athletic departments. The subjects of the study were Directors of Marketing of athletic departments within universities that offer Sport Management programs (N=201). A list of universities offering Sport Management programs in the United States was retrieved from the North American Society for Sport Management (NASSM) website. A link to an online survey was distributed to the Directors of Marketing via e-mail. Fifty-four useable responses were received for a response rate of 27%. Results of the pilot study, …

Predictors Of Physical Activity Among European And American Hearing Impaired Children, Jeffrey J. Martin, Deborah R. Shapiro, Eva Prokešová

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Research is scarce in relation to using social-cognitive theory inclusive of social-cognitive, affective and environmental constructs to predict physical activity (PA) and fitness with hearing impaired (HI) children. Hence, the purpose of our investigation was to evaluate the ability of social cognitive variables (e.g., self-efficacy and social support), environmental (i.e., time outside) and affective constructs (e.g., physical activity enjoyment) to predict PA. Children from the Czech Republic and the USA (N = 64, M age = 14.1) with hearing impairments completed questionnaires assessing predictor variables and PA. Using multiple regression analyses we accounted for 29% of the variance in PA. …

The Creation Of Small And Medium-Sized Sport Enterprises And The Environmental Factors Affecting It, Seyed Morteza Azimzadeh, Brenda Pitts, Arash Sarvari Mirazizi

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Small and medium-sized enterprises are very basic solutions for the development of a country; therefore, it is important to understand the factors involved in their creation. Hence, this study sought to examine the relationship between environmental factors and creation of Small and medium-sized sport enterprises. The research population was small and medium-sized sport enterprises (1500 companies); their owners / managers were selected as the research sample (n = 258) by simple random sampling. Data were gathered using environmental factors (α=0.77) and enterprises creation qualification (α=0.81) questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, Kolmogrof - Smirnov test, and multivariate regression …

A Framework Of Sport Managers’ Ethical Decision Making, Timothy Kellison

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Professional sports teams often experience significant public visibility through the media and general fan interest. This unique characteristic increases the perceived accountability of sport managers, whose decisions are subject to scrutiny both within and outside the organization. In this article, a multistage framework of the highly visible sport manager’s ethical decision-making process (EDMP) is proposed based on the internal, external, and personal influences experienced by sport managers. Following a literature review and a summary of the EDMP framework and its research propositions, the practical implications of this framework are discussed.

In The Continued Pursuit Of Stadium Initiatives Following Past Failures: An Analysis Of The Los Angeles Farmers Field Proposal, Timothy Kellison, Michael Mondello

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Superficially, it appears paradoxical that the city of Los Angeles does not have a National Football League (NFL) franchise, especially considering the city’s status as the second-largest media market in the United States. Currently, the Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG) is leading a proposal for a new, state-of-the-art, 68,000-seat outdoor football stadium in downtown Los Angeles, along with a significant renovation of the neighboring convention center, in order to return the NFL to the city. According to official documents, the $1.2-billion project would be financed completely through private investment (Pamer & Healy, 2012). In addition to the familiar criticisms aimed at …

Motives For Sport Participation Of Athletes With Intellectual Disability, V. J. Pedrinelli, M.R. F. Brandã, Deborah R. Shapiro

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

The present study aimed at knowing the reasons which led Brazilian athletes with intellectual disability to engage in sports practice and to take part in competitions promoted by the Special Olympics Brazil. A hundred and two athletes, between 21 and 49 years old, were evaluated through the Sport Motivation Questionnaire developed by Shapiro (2003). The data showed that the athletes took part mainly to get ribbons and medals, to play with other people from the team, to go to new and different places and to feel like an important person. The order of importance given to the motives differs when …

Infusing Disability Sport Into The Sport Management Curriculum, Deborah R. Shapiro, Brenda Pitts, Mary A. Hums, Jimmy Calloway

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Disability sport is growing around the world with momentum and is described as a “movement” (Bailey, 2008; De- Pauw & Gavron, 2005). While there are more similarities than differences with sport management for able-bodied athletes and those with disabilities, there are additional needs and considerations for persons with disabilities (DePauw & Gavron, 2005). The noticeable visibility of individuals with disabilities in society, including sport, raises concerns about the degree to which sport management academic programs have modified their curricula to ensure that individuals working in the sport management field are prepared to deal with the uniqueness of disability sport. This …

The Effect Of N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation On Recovery Of Strength Following Eccentric Muscle Injury, Ryan C. Luke

Kinesiology Dissertations

This study determined the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation on recovery of strength following eccentric muscle injury. Female subjects (n = 21, age = 20.7 ± .10 yr, weight = 68.05 ± 10.3 kg, height = 1.69 ± .07 m) performed one bout of eccentric exercise involving the forearm flexor muscles. Subjects were given a placebo (food-grade cellulose; n = 10) or NAC supplement (10 mg·kg^-1 bw·d^-1; n = 11) for 7D prior to and 14D following the exercise bout. Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC) torque, muscle soreness, range of motion (ROM), and arm circumference were measured at …

Variability Of Vertical Ground Reaction Forces In Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain, Before And After Chiropractic Care, Brent S. Russell, Mark D. Geil, Jianhua Wu, Kathryn T. Hoiriis

Kinesiology Theses

Introduction

Many chiropractic articles and textbooks discuss gait, but there actually has been little research into the effects of chiropractic adjustment on gait. This pilot study used a quantitative method of gait evaluation before and after a series of chiropractic visits. Hypotheses: (1) adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP) would show increased variability in vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) while walking, as compared to healthy control subjects, and (2) that, following chiropractic care, will show decreased variability.

Methods

VGRF data were collected for 6 controls and compared to 9 CLBP participants, who were also evaluated before and after the …

Effects Of Exercise Training On Fat Oxidation In Untrained Overweight And Obese Females, Kelly Manning

Kinesiology Dissertations

This study examined whether a high-intensity interval (IT) or a continuous steady-state (CT) exercise training program had the greatest effect on fat oxidation rates and fat mass loss in a population of untrained overweight and obese females. Thirteen female subjects (VO_2peak 30.6 ± 1.29 ml^.kg^.min^-1, BMI 29 ± 0.79, fat mass [FM] 33.3 ± 2.09 kg) were randomly assigned to either a CT (exercise at the relative intensity that elicits the maximal fat oxidation rate [FAT_max] ) or an IT (intervals alternating 5 minutes at 40% and 85% VO_2peak) …

Investigating The Effectiveness Of Physical Activity Interventions For Older Adults, Iina E. Antikainen

Kinesiology Dissertations

Regular physical activity can help prevent chronic conditions and it is positively linked to health-related quality of life (United States Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 2000). Unfortunately, many older adults do not engage in leisure time activity (USDHHS, 2000); making it important to design and test physical activity interventions for this population. The purpose of this dissertation was to review the external validity of theory-based physical activity interventions and to examine the efficacy of a mail-based physical activity intervention. The review included 54 theory-based interventions and overall the studies focused on internal rather than external validity. The hypotheses …

Effectiveness Of Social Media Marketing: An Experimental Inquiry On College Students’ Awareness Of, Interest In, And Intention To Participate In A Campus Recreation Special Event, Kendra S. Bayne

Kinesiology Theses

This study examined the effectiveness of social media marketing on college students attending a recreation special event. Facebook and Twitter were assessed via an experimental design. To measure the effectiveness of these applications (through updating statuses) on a college student’s awareness, interest, and intent of attending a special event, three groups were employed (Facebook, Twitter, and Control). A total of 134 participants were recruited via six undergraduate courses and were assigned into three groups based on their social media consumption. Subjects responded to a pre-survey, joined their respective treatment group, and completed a post-survey. Descriptive statistics revealed that awareness increased …

Custom-Molded Foot-Orthosis Intervention And Multi-Segment Medial Foot Kinematics During Walking, Stephen C. Cobb, Laurie L. Tis, Jeffrey T. Johnson, Yang "Tai" Wong, Mark D. Geil

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Context: Foot-orthosis (FO) intervention to prevent and treat numerous lower extremity injuries is widely accepted clinically. However, the results of quantitative gait analyses have been equivocal. The foot models used, participants receiving intervention, and orthoses used might contribute to the variability.

Objective: To investigate the effect of a custom-molded FO intervention on multisegment medial foot kinematics during walking in participants with low-mobile foot posture.

Design: Crossover study.

Setting: University biomechanics and ergonomics laboratory. Patients or Other

Participants: Sixteen participants with low-mobile foot posture (7 men, 9 women) were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 FO groups. Intervention(s): After a 2-week …

The Use Of Student–Athlete Likenesses In Collegiate Sport Video Games: An Application Of The Right Of Publicity, Beth Cianfrone, Thomas Alexander Baker Iii

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Stroke Patterns On Shoulder Joint Kinematics And Electromyography In Wheelchair Propulsion, Li-Shan Chang

Kinesiology Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation was to analyze shoulder joint kinematics and electromyographic activities of wheelchair propulsion between two stroke patterns. Twenty physical therapy students (14 females and 6 males, age 27.4 ± 5.9 years, body mass 64.41 ± 9.37 Kg and body height 169.32 ± 9.12 cm) participated. Eleven reflective markers were placed on thorax and right scapula, humerus, third metacarpophalangeal joint and wheelchair axle. Surface electrodes were placed on right pectoralis major, anterior and posterior deltoids, infraspinatus, middle trapezius, biceps brachialis long head and triceps brachialis. Participants propelled a standard wheelchair on a stationary roller system at 0.9 …

Junctophilin Damage Contributes To Early Force Deficits And Excitation-Contraction Coupling Failure After Performing Eccentric Contractions, Benjamin T. Corona

Kinesiology Dissertations

Junctophilins (JP1 & JP2) are expressed in skeletal muscle and are the primary proteins involved in transverse (T)-tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane apposition. During the performance of eccentric contractions, the apposition of T-tubule and SR membranes may be disrupted, resulting in excitation-contraction (EC) coupling failure and thus reduced force-producing capacity. In this study, we made three primary observations: 1) Through the first three days after the performance of 50 eccentric contractions in vivo by the left hindlimb anterior crural muscles of female mice, both JP1 and JP2 were significantly reduced by ~50 and 35%, respectively, while no reductions were …

The Benefits Of Yoga Therapy For Heart Failure Patients, Paula Rei Pullen

Kinesiology Dissertations

ABSTRACT The Benefits of Yoga Therapy for Heart Failure Patients by Paula R. Pullen STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The number of patients living with heart failure (HF) is on the rise. Yoga has been found to improve physical and psychological parameters amongst healthy individuals. The effects of yoga on HF patients are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of yoga on cardio-vascular endurance [functional capacity (FC)], flexibility, inflammatory markers, and quality of life (QoL) on medically stable HF patients. METHOD Forty HF patients with compensated systolic or diastolic HF participated in the study. A randomized …

Assessing The State Of Clinically Applicable Research For Evidence Based Practice In Prosthetics And Orthotics, Mark Geil

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Evidence-based practice combines a practitioner’s training and experience with evidence established through scientific research. Fundamental to the evidence-based process for prosthetics and orthotics is the ongoing availability of clinically applicable research on relevant conditions, components, and patient populations. In the past, research has been successfully applied to practice, sometimes producing substantial changes. Examples include clinically applicable research that has assessed treatment effectiveness, altered clinical patient interaction, led to the development of new components and technologies, and challenged or changed long-standing clinical opinion. Despite past successes, obstacles remain in the application of research to practice. Practitioners have stated a desire for …

Effect Of A Repeated Bout Of Eccentrically-Biased Contractions On Insulin Resistance, Michael Stephen Green

Kinesiology Dissertations

This study determined if insulin resistance (IR), induced by an acute bout of eccentrically-biased contractions that resulted in muscle injury, was attenuated following a repeated bout of contractions. Female subjects (n = 10, age 24.7 ± 3.0 yr, weight 64.9 ± 7.4 kg, height 1.67 ± 0.02 m, body fat 29.1 ± 1.9 %) performed two 30 minute bouts of downhill treadmill running (DTR 1 and DTR 2, -12 % grade, 8.0 mph) separated by 14 days. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were administered at baseline and 48 hours following DTR 1 and DTR 2, with IR assessed by calculation …

Consistency, Precision, And Accuracy Of Optical And Electromagnetic Shape-Capturing Systems For Digital Measurement Of Residual-Limb Anthropometrics Of Persons With Transtibial Amputation, Mark Geil

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing systems have been adapted for specific use in prosthetics, providing practitioners with a means to digitally capture the shape of a patient’s limb, modify the socket model using software, and automatically manufacture either a positive model to be used in the fabrication of a socket or the socket itself. The digital shape captured is a three-dimensional (3-D) model from which standard anthropometric measures can be easily obtained. This study recorded six common anthropometric dimensions from CAD shape files of three foam positive models of the residual limbs of persons with transtibial amputations. Two systems …

Consistency And Accuracy Of Measurement Of Lower Extremity Amputee Anthropometrics, Mark Geil

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Lower-limb amputees often exhibit large fluctuation in residual-limb shape, necessitating careful observation and anthropometric measurement for prosthetists to ensure socket fit. Anthropometric measurement may become more important as an outcome measure indicating success in rehabilitation. This study investigated the accuracy and reliability of seven prosthetic anthropometric measurement devices as used by a group of eight prosthetic-orthotic practitioners and a group of five prostheticorthotic students to measure six common anthropometric dimensions on three foam positive models of transtibial amputee residual limbs. Two of the models were identical, enabling assessment of individual repeatability. Some clinically significant errors were noted in the results; …