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Articles 31 - 60 of 63
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
A Time-Efficient Method For Analyzing Bone Strain With Large Subject Pools, Daniel Leib, Eric Dugan, Henry Wang
A Time-Efficient Method For Analyzing Bone Strain With Large Subject Pools, Daniel Leib, Eric Dugan, Henry Wang
Daniel Leib
No abstract provided.
Imagining Yourself Dancing To Perfection? Correlates Of Perfectionism Among Ballet And Contemporary Dancers, Sanna M. Nordin-Bates, Jennifer Cumming, Danielle Aways, Lucinda Sharp
Imagining Yourself Dancing To Perfection? Correlates Of Perfectionism Among Ballet And Contemporary Dancers, Sanna M. Nordin-Bates, Jennifer Cumming, Danielle Aways, Lucinda Sharp
Jennifer Cumming
The present study investigated perfectionism prevalence and its relationship to imagery and performance anxiety. Two hundred and fifty (N = 250) elite students (66.4% female; Mage = 19.19, SD = 2.66) studying mainly classical ballet or contemporary dance in England, Canada, and Australia completed questionnaires assessing perfectionism, imagery, and performance anxiety. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct cohorts: dancers with perfectionistic tendencies (40.59% of the sample), dancers with moderate perfectionistic tendencies (44.35%), and dancers with no perfectionistic tendencies (15.06%). Notably, these labels are data driven and relative; only eight dancers reported high absolute scores. Dancers with perfectionistic tendencies experienced more debilitative …
Measuring Athlete Imagery Ability: The Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire, Sarah E. Williams, Jennifer Cumming
Measuring Athlete Imagery Ability: The Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire, Sarah E. Williams, Jennifer Cumming
Jennifer Cumming
This research aimed to develop and provide initial validation of the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ). The SIAQ assesses athletes’ ease of imaging different types of imagery content. Following an extensive pilot study, 375 athletes completed a 20-item SIAQ in Study 1. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 4-factor model assessing skill, strategy, goal, and affect imagery ability. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) established this 4-factor structure in Study 2 (N = 363 athletes). In Study 3 (N = 438 athletes), additional items were added to create a fifth mastery imagery subscale that was confirmed through CFA. Study 4 (N = 220 …
Psychological Qualities Of Elite Adolescent Rugby Players: Parents, Coaches, And Sport Administration Staff Perceptions And Supporting Roles, Charlotte Woodcock, Mark J. G. Holland, Joan L. Duda, Jennifer Cumming
Psychological Qualities Of Elite Adolescent Rugby Players: Parents, Coaches, And Sport Administration Staff Perceptions And Supporting Roles, Charlotte Woodcock, Mark J. G. Holland, Joan L. Duda, Jennifer Cumming
Jennifer Cumming
The aim of the current study was to extend previous research by Holland and colleagues (2010) into the required psychological qualities of young talented rugby players by considering the perceptions and supportive role of influential others. Perceptions of players’ parents (n = 17), coaches (n = 7), and sport administration staff (SAS; n = 2) were explored through focus group discussions. Findings show that these influential others considered the same 11 higher order themes for psychological qualities previously identified as desirable by players. Their views on how they assisted in developing these player psychological qualities were classified into three higher-order …
Effect Of Varying Rest Intervals Between Sets Of Assistance Exercises On Creatine Kinase And Lactate Dehydrogenase Responses, Marco Machado, Alexander J. Koch, Jeffrey Willardson, Luis Prereira, Isabel M. Cardoso, Michela Ks Motta, Rafael Prereira, Andre N. Monteiro
Effect Of Varying Rest Intervals Between Sets Of Assistance Exercises On Creatine Kinase And Lactate Dehydrogenase Responses, Marco Machado, Alexander J. Koch, Jeffrey Willardson, Luis Prereira, Isabel M. Cardoso, Michela Ks Motta, Rafael Prereira, Andre N. Monteiro
Jeffrey Willardson
Effect of varying rest intervals between sets of assistance exercises on creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase responses. J Strength Cond Res 25(5): 1339-1345, 2011-To examine the effects of different rest intervals between sets on serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, 10 men (age = 25.6 ± 2.2 years, height = 173.1 ± 7.1 cm, and body mass = 75.9 ± 10.0 kg) participated in a randomized within-subject design that involved 4 resistance exercise sessions. Each session consisted of 4 sets of 10 repetitions with 10 repetition maximum loads for the chest press, pullover, biceps curl, triceps extension, …
Is Training To Failure A Safe And Effective Method For Improving Athletic Performance?, Andy V. Khamoui, Jeffrey Willardson
Is Training To Failure A Safe And Effective Method For Improving Athletic Performance?, Andy V. Khamoui, Jeffrey Willardson
Jeffrey Willardson
TRAINING TO FAILURE IS A POPULAR TRAINING METHOD USED TO IMPROVE MUSCULAR STRENGTH, SIZE, AND ENDURANCE. AT THIS TIME, THE VALUE OF THIS TRAINING STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE IS A TOPIC OF CONSIDERABLE DEBATE. IN THIS COLUMN, THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND DETRIMENTS OF THIS TRAINING METHOD WILL BE PRESENTED.
Joy T. Desensi And Danny Rosenberg, Ethics And Morality In Sport Management, 3rd Edition, Chad R. Carlson
Joy T. Desensi And Danny Rosenberg, Ethics And Morality In Sport Management, 3rd Edition, Chad R. Carlson
Chad Carlson
No abstract provided.
The "Playing" Field: Attitudes, Activities, And The Conflation Of Play And Games, Chad R. Carlson
The "Playing" Field: Attitudes, Activities, And The Conflation Of Play And Games, Chad R. Carlson
Chad Carlson
Many philosophers have attempted to describe the nature of play and games. In doing so, they have come to a number of similar conclusions. Some authors speak of play and games interchangeably, while others regard them as two distinct phenomena. However, even some of those who attempted to distinguish games from play provided ambiguous or otherwise confusing descriptions. The end result has been a tendency to conflate the two entities. This conflation is so commonplace that we regularly speak of participating in all and any games as “playing games.” In this paper I address the issue of play-game conflation and …
Categorical Shortcomings: Application, Adjudication, And Contextual Descriptions Of Game Rules, Chad R. Carlson, John Gleaves
Categorical Shortcomings: Application, Adjudication, And Contextual Descriptions Of Game Rules, Chad R. Carlson, John Gleaves
Chad Carlson
No abstract provided.
Strength And Hypertrophy Responses To Constant And Decreasing Rest Intervals In Trained Men Using Creatine Supplementation, Tacito P. Souza-Junior, Jeffrey M. Willardson, Richard Bloomer, Richard D. Leite, Steven J. Fleck, Paulo R. Oliveira, Robert Simao
Strength And Hypertrophy Responses To Constant And Decreasing Rest Intervals In Trained Men Using Creatine Supplementation, Tacito P. Souza-Junior, Jeffrey M. Willardson, Richard Bloomer, Richard D. Leite, Steven J. Fleck, Paulo R. Oliveira, Robert Simao
Jeffrey Willardson
The purpose of the current study was to compare strength and hypertrophy responses to resistance training programs that instituted constant rest intervals (CI) and decreasing rest intervals (DI) between sets over the course of eight weeks by trained men who supplemented with creatine monohydrate (CR).
Carson Cunningham, American Hoops: U.S. Men’S Olympic Basketball From Berlin To Beijing, Chad R. Carlson
Carson Cunningham, American Hoops: U.S. Men’S Olympic Basketball From Berlin To Beijing, Chad R. Carlson
Chad Carlson
No abstract provided.
Basketball’S Forgotten Experiment: Don Barksdale And The Legacy Of The United States Olympic Basketball Team, Chad R. Carlson
Basketball’S Forgotten Experiment: Don Barksdale And The Legacy Of The United States Olympic Basketball Team, Chad R. Carlson
Chad Carlson
The 1948 United States Olympic basketball team has largely been fotgotten in the annals of American history despite taking a major step toward racial integration in American sports. Don Barksdale, the first African American to represent the US on the hardwood in the Olympics, joined nine players from the American South and legendary University of Kentucky coach, Adolph Rupp - a man notoriously identified as a racist. While Barksdale experienced very little racial mistreatment during the London Olympics, the lead-up to the Games reveals America's ambiguous views on race relations. During training in the segregated states of Oklahoma and Kentucky, …
An Integrated Modeling Method For Bone Strain Analysis, Daniel Leib, Henry Wang, Eric Dugan
An Integrated Modeling Method For Bone Strain Analysis, Daniel Leib, Henry Wang, Eric Dugan
Daniel Leib
No abstract provided.
An Integrated Modeling Method For Tibia Strain Analysis, Daniel Leib, Henry Wang
An Integrated Modeling Method For Tibia Strain Analysis, Daniel Leib, Henry Wang
Daniel Leib
No abstract provided.
Muscular Fatigue Increases Ground Reaction Loading Rate During Walking, Henry Wang, Jeff Frame, Elicia Ozimek, Cara Reedstrom, Daniel Leib, Eric Dugan
Muscular Fatigue Increases Ground Reaction Loading Rate During Walking, Henry Wang, Jeff Frame, Elicia Ozimek, Cara Reedstrom, Daniel Leib, Eric Dugan
Daniel Leib
No abstract provided.
The Nature Of Motivation: A Question Of ‘Why?’, Eleanor J. Quested, Jennifer Cumming, Joan L. Duda
The Nature Of Motivation: A Question Of ‘Why?’, Eleanor J. Quested, Jennifer Cumming, Joan L. Duda
Jennifer Cumming
No abstract provided.
Mental Qualities And Employed Mental Techniques Of Young Elite Team Sport Athletes, Mark J.G. Holland, Charlotte Woodcock, Jennifer Cumming, Joan L. Duda
Mental Qualities And Employed Mental Techniques Of Young Elite Team Sport Athletes, Mark J.G. Holland, Charlotte Woodcock, Jennifer Cumming, Joan L. Duda
Jennifer Cumming
Research on the psychological characteristics of elite performers has primarily focused on Olympic and World champions; however, the mental attributes of young developing and talented athletes have received less attention. Addressing this, the current study had two aims: (a) to examine the perceptions held by youth athletes regarding the mental qualities they need to facilitate their development and (b) to investigate the mental techniques used by these athletes. Forty-three male youth rugby players participated in a series of focus groups. Inductive content analysis revealed 11 categories of psychological qualities, including enjoyment, responsibility, adaptability, squad spirit, self-aware learner, determination, confidence, optimal …
The Use Of Imagery To Manipulate Challenge And Threat Appraisal States In Athletes, Sarah E. Williams, Jennifer Cumming, George M. Balanos
The Use Of Imagery To Manipulate Challenge And Threat Appraisal States In Athletes, Sarah E. Williams, Jennifer Cumming, George M. Balanos
Jennifer Cumming
The present study investigated whether imagery could manipulate athletes’ appraisal of stress-evoking situations (i.e., challenge or threat) and whether psychological and cardiovascular responses and interpretations varied according to cognitive appraisal of three imagery scripts: challenge, neutral, and threat. Twenty athletes (Mage = 20.85; SD = 1.76; 10 female, 10 male) imaged each script while heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output were obtained using Doppler echocardiography. State anxiety and self-confidence were assessed following each script using the Immediate Anxiety Measures Scale. During the imagery, a significant increase in heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output occurred for the challenge and …
Caffeine Does Not Augment Markers Of Muscle Damage Or Leukocytosis Following Resistance Exercise, Marco Machado, Alexander J. Koch, Jeffrey Willardson, Frederico C. Dos Santos, Victor M. Curty, Lucan N. Pereira
Caffeine Does Not Augment Markers Of Muscle Damage Or Leukocytosis Following Resistance Exercise, Marco Machado, Alexander J. Koch, Jeffrey Willardson, Frederico C. Dos Santos, Victor M. Curty, Lucan N. Pereira
Jeffrey Willardson
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeine ingestion before a resistance exercise session on markers of muscle damage (CK, LDH, ALT, AST) and leukocyte levels. Methods: Fifteen soccer athletes completed two resistance exercise sessions that differed only in the ingestion of caffeine or a placebo preworkout. Results: CK concentration increased significantly following the caffeine session (415.8 ± 62.8 to 542.0 ± 73.5) and the placebo session (411.5 ± 43.3 to 545.8 ± 59.9), with no significant differences between sessions. Similarly, LDH concentration increased significantly following the caffeine session (377.5 ± 18.0 to 580.5 ± 36.1) …
Effect Of Different Resistance Exercise Repetition Velocities On Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption And Energetic Expenditure, Ana Critine Barreto, Alex Souto Maior, Pedro Menzes, Jeffrey Willardson, Antonio Jose Silva, Victor Machado Reis, Roberto Simão, Jefferson Novaes
Effect Of Different Resistance Exercise Repetition Velocities On Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption And Energetic Expenditure, Ana Critine Barreto, Alex Souto Maior, Pedro Menzes, Jeffrey Willardson, Antonio Jose Silva, Victor Machado Reis, Roberto Simão, Jefferson Novaes
Jeffrey Willardson
The excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) consists of the excess oxygen consumed above a resting state following exercise. Performance of resistance exercise can significantly disrupt the body’s homeostasis, with the EPOC being dependent on the specific combination of prescriptive variables. Presently, the effects of different repetition velocities on VO2 and caloric expenditure during and following resistance exercise bouts have not been completely elucidated. Objective: To examine the effect of different repetition velocities on EPOC and total energetic expenditure during and following resistance exercise bouts. Methods: Twenty women (34.6 ± 5.5 years; 159 ± 4.1 cm; 55.1 ± 3.4 kg; 24±2.5 …
Not Scaring Yourself Silly: Effectively Managing Your Stage Fright, Jennifer Cumming
Not Scaring Yourself Silly: Effectively Managing Your Stage Fright, Jennifer Cumming
Jennifer Cumming
It is the moment you have been looking forward to for weeks with equal amounts of dread and excitement. Your preparation has gone well, but you wonder if you have done everything you can to be ready and are concerned you will make a mistake. As you wait backstage, you hear the audience taking their seats and the eager buzz of anticipation. Your fellow dancers are going through their last minute preparations and the nervous tension is building around you. Standing in your costume, you worry that your body is responding in the usual ways: your heart is beating faster …
Effect Of Rest Interval Length On The Volume Completed During Upper Body Resistance Exercise, Humberto Miranda, Roberto Simão, Leonardo Marmo Moreira, Renato Aparecido De Souza, João Antônio Alves De Souza, Belmiro Freitas De Salles, Jeffrey Willardson
Effect Of Rest Interval Length On The Volume Completed During Upper Body Resistance Exercise, Humberto Miranda, Roberto Simão, Leonardo Marmo Moreira, Renato Aparecido De Souza, João Antônio Alves De Souza, Belmiro Freitas De Salles, Jeffrey Willardson
Jeffrey Willardson
The purpose of the current study was to compare the workout volume (sets x resistance x repetitions per set) completed during two upper body resistance exercise sessions that incorporated 1 minute versus 3 minute rest intervals between sets and exercises. Twelve trained men completed two experimental sessions that consisted of 5 upper body exercises (i.e. barbell bench press, incline barbell bench press, pec deck flye, barbell lying triceps extension, triceps pushdown) performed for three sets with an 8- RM load. The two experimental sessions differed only in the length of the rest interval between sets and exercises; one session with …
Effect Of Surface Stability On Core Muscle Activity For Dynamic Resistance Exercises, Jeffrey Willardson, Fabio E. Fontana, Eadric Bressel
Effect Of Surface Stability On Core Muscle Activity For Dynamic Resistance Exercises, Jeffrey Willardson, Fabio E. Fontana, Eadric Bressel
Jeffrey Willardson
To compare core muscle activity during resistance exercises performed on stable ground vs. the BOSU Balance Trainer. Methods: Twelve trained men performed the back squat, dead lift, overhead press, and curl lifts. The activity of the rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominis, transversus abdominis/internal oblique abdominis, and erector spinae muscles was assessed. Subjects performed each lift under three separate conditions including standing on stable ground with 50% of a 1-RM, standing on a BOSU Balance Trainer with 50% of a 1-RM, and standing on stable ground with 75% of a 1-RM. Results: Significant differences were noted between the stable 75% of …
Self-Reported Psychological States And Physiological Responses To Different Types Of Motivational General Imagery, Jennifer Cumming, Tom Olphin, Michelle Law
Self-Reported Psychological States And Physiological Responses To Different Types Of Motivational General Imagery, Jennifer Cumming, Tom Olphin, Michelle Law
Jennifer Cumming
The aim of the present study was to examine self-reported psychological states and physiological responses (heart rate) experienced during different motivational general imagery scenarios. Forty competitive athletes wore a standard heart rate monitor and imaged five scripts (mastery, coping, anxiety, psyching up, and relaxation). Following each script, they reported their state anxiety and self-confidence. A significant increase in heart rate from baseline to imagery was found for the anxiety, psyching-up, and coping imagery scripts. Furthermore, the intensity of cognitive and somatic anxiety was greater and perceived as being more debilitative following the anxiety imagery script. The findings support Lang’s (1977, …
A Comparison Of Once Versus Twice Per Week Training On Leg Press Strength In Women, J. Burt, R. Wilson, Jeffrey Willardson
A Comparison Of Once Versus Twice Per Week Training On Leg Press Strength In Women, J. Burt, R. Wilson, Jeffrey Willardson
Jeffrey Willardson
The purpose of this study was to compare strength differences between 2 groups of untrained women, who performed a single set of the leg press exercise once or twice per week. Methods. Twenty-one women were divided randomly into 2 groups: Group 1 (n=10) performed a single set of the leg press exercise once per week, while Group 2 (n=11) performed a single set of the leg press exercise twice per week for a period of 8 weeks. Throughout the duration of the study, an amount of resistance was utilized that allowed for a single set of 6 to 10 repetitions …
Examining The Direction Of Imagery And Self-Talk On Dart-Throwing Performance And Self Efficacy, Jennifer Cumming, Sanna M. Nordin, Robin Horton, Scott Reynolds
Examining The Direction Of Imagery And Self-Talk On Dart-Throwing Performance And Self Efficacy, Jennifer Cumming, Sanna M. Nordin, Robin Horton, Scott Reynolds
Jennifer Cumming
The study investigated the impact of varying combinations of facilitative and debilitative imagery and self-talk (ST) on self-effi cacy and performance of a dart-throwing task. Participants (N = 95) were allocated to 1 of 5 groups: (a) facilitative imagery/facilitative ST, (b) facilitative imagery/debilitative ST, (c) debilitative imagery/facilitative ST, (d) debilitative imagery/debilitative ST, or (e) control. Mixed-design ANOVAs revealed that performance, but not self-effi - cacy, changed over time as a function of the assigned experimental condition. Participants in the debilitative imagery/debilitative ST condition worsened their performance, and participants in the facilitative imagery/facilitative ST condition achieved better scores. These fi ndings …
More Than Meets The Eye: Investigating Imagery Type, Direction, And Outcome, Sanna Nordin, Jennifer Cumming
More Than Meets The Eye: Investigating Imagery Type, Direction, And Outcome, Sanna Nordin, Jennifer Cumming
Jennifer Cumming
The effects of imagery direction on self-efficacy and performance in a dart throwing task were examined. Two imagery types were investigated: skill-based cognitive specific (CS) and confidence-based motivational general-mastery (MG-M). Seventy-five novice dart throwers were randomly allocated to one of three conditions: (a) facilitative imagery, (b) debilitative imagery, or (c) control. After 2 imagery interventions, the debilitative imagery group rated their self-efficacy significantly lower than the facilitative group and performed significantly worse than either the facilitative group or the control group. Efficacy ratings remained constant across trials for the facilitative group, but decreased significantly for both the control group and …
Professional Dancers Describe Their Imagery: Where, When, What, Why, And How, Sanna M. Nordin, Jennifer Cumming
Professional Dancers Describe Their Imagery: Where, When, What, Why, And How, Sanna M. Nordin, Jennifer Cumming
Jennifer Cumming
In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 14 male and female professional dancers from several dance forms. Interviews were primarily based in the 4 Ws framework (Munroe, Giacobbi, Jr., Hall, & Weinberg, 2000), which meant exploring Where, When, Why, and What dancers image. A dimension describing How the dancers employed imagery also emerged. What refers to imagery content, and emerged from two categories: Imagery Types and Imagery Characteristics. Why represents the reason an image is employed and emerged from five categories: Cognitive Reasons, Motivational Reasons, Artistic Reasons, Healing Reasons, and No reason – Triggered Imagery. There were also large individual differences …
Girls On The Run: Preparing Girls For A Lifetime Of Self-Respect And Healthy Living, Mary Schutten
Girls On The Run: Preparing Girls For A Lifetime Of Self-Respect And Healthy Living, Mary Schutten
Mary C. Schutten
No abstract provided.
The Use Of Business Tool “Project Management” In Sport Coaching, Yanni D. Afthinos
The Use Of Business Tool “Project Management” In Sport Coaching, Yanni D. Afthinos
Yanni D Afthinos
Sport and coaching has offered valuable experience and procedures to the management field. Over the past years, a number of books have been written about coaching or leadership and other sport related issues, that business people can use in order to improve their work effectiveness. The author of this paper intends to offer something back to sport and coaching, through the presentation of a managerial tool known as “Project management”, which can assist coaches and other sport officials to improve their work effectiveness. A tool that has theoretical base and practical orientation, as well as it is needed but it’s …