Life Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Self-Pollination In The Genus Pinus, Liz Cole

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The problems of self-pollination among trees are a major concern to foresters. Silvicultural practices have an effect on the frequency of self-pollination.For example, a cut, such as a shelterwood or seed tree, reduces the number of individuals in the breeding population and increases the distance between individual trees. This tends to increase the frequency of self-pollination. These effects can either be helpful or harmful depending on the goals of the forester. Therefore, a basic understanding as to the effects of self-pollination on trees is necessary. The point of focus in this paper is the genus, Pinus.

Self-pollination occurs naturally in …

Curl: As Affected By Filler Distribution, Larry L. Lince

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this study was to study the curl response of paper as affected by filler distribution, i.e. top-side, wire-side, or middle of the sheet, and to determine whether or not filler distribution plays a part in curl formation. Plybonded sheets were prepared which contained 17-20% ash. The filler content was positioned in various locations within the sheet. The sheets were subjected to relative humidities of 20-80%, and the curl response was measured. The maximum curl was produced when the filler was farthest away from the dryer surface. Minimum curl. was produced when the filler was closest to the …

The Interrelationship Of Fiber Length To Titanium Dioxide Pigment Retention, Robert A. Hansen

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A literature review is presented that reviews the various considerations of retention in papermaking. The definition of retention and the three methods of retention,(sieving,entrapment, and coflocculation), are reviewed. Coagulation and flocculation are respectively discussed. Zeta potential and the various methods with which it is measured are reviewed, as well as various factors that influence zeta potential. The role of fines in the retention of wet end additives in the papermaking process is also discussed.

An experiment is designed to evaluate the effect of fiber length on titanium dioxide pigment retention. The experiment involves the determination of an optimum level of …

Effectiveness Of Combination Solvent And Aqueous Deinking Of Waxed And Printed Papers, James A. Lanter

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Investigation of badly contaminated paper as a source of secondary fiber is an area of growing interest to the paper industry. A process that can remove contaminates from high gloss, printed, waxed, and/ or polycoated specialty paper is the experimental part of this thesis.

A brief overview of major factors involved in secondary fiber recycling will be discussed, such as economic factors, new demands, and pressures placed on the recycling industry. (1, 2, 3)

Different methods of contaminate removal and deinking techniques are discussed with a listing of advantages and disadvantages of each. (The methods include principles involved in absorbing …

Latitudinal Variation In The Relationship Between Rosette Diameter And Fate In Common Mullein (Verbascum Thapsus L.), James A. Reinartz

Field Station Bulletins

There is currently a good deal of interest in the "biennial" life history. This stems from the fact that theoretical analysis of the selective advantage of alternate life histories predicts that biennials should seldom be favored relative to annual or perennial alternatives (Hart, 1977). However biennials often appear highly successful in terms of abundance, being both common and widespread, even though they constitute only a small proportion of any flora. This paper describes the effects of latitude on the relationship between rosette diameter at the end of one growing season and a plant's fate in the next (death, continued vegetative …

Primary Production In Wild And Cultivated Cranberries, Mark Walstrom, Forest Stearns

Field Station Bulletins

Cranberries grow in many Wisconsin sphagnum bogs. One of the two species, the large cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon Alt., is among the few American fruit crops in cultivation. Most of the cultivated cranberries have been derived by selection from wild, and more recently from cultivated clones. Like the large cranberry, the small cranberry, Vaccinium oxycoccos L., is native to Wisconsin bogs and it, too, provides wildlife food, though it has not been selected for cultivation. This study examined the primary productivity of wild and cultivated cranberries (Wahlstrom 1979).

Seasonal Activity Patterns In The Bat Community At Neda Mine, Charles Rupprecht

Field Station Bulletins

Even though bats represent a relatively abundant, biologically fascinating and highly beneficial component of Wisconsin's wildlife, they remain poorly studied and greatly misunderstood. Accounts of the seasonal adaptive strategies of most bats are inadequate or fragmentary (Barbour and Davis 1969). Rarely have researchers investigated more than one species at a single time and place. The aim of this study was to make simultaneous comparisons by sex and species of the various adaptive strategies employed by members of the Neda Mine bat community on an annual basis.

Litter Production And Nutrient Content Of Litter In The Seasonally Flooded Dismal Swamp, Marta M. Gomez

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Litter production was studied in four plant communities in the Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia, that differ primarily in species composition and flooding regime. Greatest leaf deposition occurred in the more flooded communities, maple-gum (Acer-Nyssa) with 536 g m^-2 yr^-1 and cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard) with 528 g m^-2 yr^-1, followed by the cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP) and mixed hardwood (Quercus-Acer-Nyssa-Liquidambar) communities with 506 g m^-2 yr^-1 and 455 g m^-2 yr^-1, respectively. Litter nutrient concentrations were generally higher in the cypress and maple-gum stands, indicating greater nutrient availability …

Mr230: Weight Tables For Tree And Shrub Species In Maine, Harold E. Young, John H. Ribe, Kevin Wainwright

Miscellaneous Reports

Some biomass data on the components of tree and shrub species were collected nearly every summer from 1963 through 1978 for the express purpose of relating fresh and dry weight to the commonly measured physical dimensions of height and diameter at breast height. The first opportunity to conduct a biomass inventory occurred in 1974 in conjunction with a volume inventory of the Public Lots in Maine. In order to include all woody vegetation at least 1.0' (30 cm) in height it was decided to measure all trees 1.0" (2.5 cm) and larger on a variable point sample and to measure …

B773: Effects Of Spraying Sewage Effluent On Forested Land At Sugerloaf Mountain, Maine, Mark B. David, Roland A. Struchtemeyer

Bulletins

Research was conducted to investigate the effects of spraying sewage effluent on hardwood forested land at Sugarloaf Mountain, Maine. Soil, organic matter, tree foliage, groundwater, and effluent samples were collected in 1978 and 1979. Soil samples were taken at two depths, 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The entire organic pad was removed as a single sample, with no separation of the 0 1 and 0 2 layers. Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) foliage was sampled periodically for nutrient levels. Groundwater sampling was accomplished with a total of 28 suction lysimeters placed at depths of 30 or 64 cm.

Results …

Muskrat Population Dynamics And Vegetation Utilization: A Management Plan, Thomas R. Mccabe, Michael L. Wolfe

Aspen Bibliography

Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) populations are located in extensive marshes that are managed either privately or by state or federal refuge personnel. Maintenance of a balanced muskrat population is important to marsh management, therefore necessitating accurate density estimates. Feasibility of a vegetational utilization index as a reliable population indicator is being tested at Fish Springs NWR, Utah.

Identification Of Fossil Wood From The Specimen Creek Area Of The Gallatin Petrified Forest, Yellowstone National Park, Montana, Tetsuya Yamamoto

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The petrified fossil forests in the Specimen Creek area of Gallatin Petrified Forest contain spectacular petrified tree stumps, trunks and logs in horizontal and vertical positions. These fossils forests are embedded in early middle Eocene volcaniclastic rocks and piled in sequential layers.

One hundred and nineteen fossil wood samples were collected from three selected layers [unit 1, unit 5 and unit 9, (DeBord 1977)] of the sequentially entombed Fossil Forests in the above area, and identified as follows: 3 families, 9 genera, in Gymnosperms; 13 families, 15 genera in Angiosperms.

PINACEAE: Keteleeria*, Larix*, Pinus, Tsuga*

PODOCARPACEAE: Podocarpus

TAXODIACEAE: Glyptostrobus*, Sequoia, …

Pisolithus Tinctorius Mycobiont Inoculations As A Factor In Performance Of Containerized And Bare-Root Shortleaf Pine Seedlings On Lignite Minesoils In Panola County, Texas, Hoy Lee Bryson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The effects of artificial soil infestation with basidiospores and vegetative mycelia of the fungal symbiont Pisolithus tinctorius on ectomycorrhizae development of short leaf pine (Pinus echinata) seedlings grown in styroblock containers were tested in the greenhouse. These preliminary tests showed that both spores and mycelia will produce satisfactory ectomycorrhizae development. Various methods of inoculation had little effect on growth and development of containerized seedlings or on the accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Zn, or Cu in foliage and lateral roots. The styroblock containerization system used in conjunction with sandy loam soil/vermiculite (2:1 v/v) potting-mix produced excellent …

Comparison Of Three Mass Media For Communicating Forestry Information For Young People, Ross Lee Tomlin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A comparison of three mass media ( TV, radio and newspaper) was made to find which would be more effective at communicating forestry information to young people. The field study was conducted at Nacogdoches, Lufkin, and Kilgore High Schools in East Texas. Questionnaires given to students before and after exposure to six media spots tested forestry knowledge and attitudes. One spot in each medium presented a hardsell threat approach, the other a softsell-humorous approach. A final questionnaire measured student preferences of the media. Analysis of data indicated newspaper and TV to be the most effective media, with radio less effective. …

Bedding As A Factor In The Survival And Total Height Of Two Year Old Planted Loblolly Pine Seedlings In East Texas, Edgar Wilkins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

With an ever increasing demand placed on wood fiber supply by industry, it has become imperative that every feasible means be pursued which will increase the wood fiber production per acre of land on every plantsble site. With this in mind, this study was conducted in an attempt to determine the effect of bedding in intensive site preparation on the total height and survival of two year old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda, L.) seedlings planted on bottomland and upland sites. Forty row (or lineal) plots 100 feet long were established on machine planted areas on bedded and unbedded, bottomland and …

National Forest Minerals Management [Outline], Jerry L. Haggard

Federal Lands, Laws and Policies and the Development of Natural Resources: A Short Course (Summer Conference, July 28-August 1)

3 pages.

The Public Lands: Development Of Federal Policy, Charles F. Wilkinson

Federal Lands, Laws and Policies and the Development of Natural Resources: A Short Course (Summer Conference, July 28-August 1)

9 pages.

Agenda: Federal Lands, Laws And Policies And The Development Of Natural Resources: A Short Course, University Of Colorado. School Of Law, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Federal Lands, Laws and Policies and the Development of Natural Resources: A Short Course (Summer Conference, July 28-August 1)

Even before the [Natural Resources Law] Center was established [in the fall of 1981], the [University of Colorado] School of Law was organizing annual natural resources law summer short courses. To date four programs have been presented:

- July 1980: "Federal Lands, Laws and Policies and the Development of Natural Resources"

- June 1981: "Water Resources Allocation: Laws and Emerging Issues"

- June 1982: "New Sources of Water for Energy Development and Growth: lnterbasin Transfers"

- June 1983: "Groundwater: Allocation, Development and Pollution"

(Reprinted from Resource Law Notes, no. 1, Jan. 1984, at 1.)

Instructors for this conference included University …

Deinking Of Paper Using A Water Solvent Emulsion System, Archie Cameron Jr.

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This study examines the use of a solvent and water emulsion to deink waste paper. Solvents looked at in detail included napthalene and paradichlorobenzene. Various grades of waste paper were tested for deinkability including, coated and heavily printed magazine cover stock, plastic coated SES board, beer case stock with hotmelts, uncoated and unfilled stock printed with a neutral black ink, old corrigating medium filled with hotmelts and stickies, and finally, board printed with UV-cured inks. Most of these samples deinked very well.

Brightness and appearance were the basis for measuring deinkability. Yield was also tabulated for selected experiments. As a …

The Effects Of Fillers On The Deinkability Of Printed Paper, Jerry L. Martin

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This report covers the effect of fillers on the deinkability of a printed sheet of paper. Paper was produced with varying amounts of titanium dioxide and clay retained as fillers. This paper was then cut into 8½ X 11 inch sheets. The top half of each sheet was printed and cut away from the bottom unprinted half. Both of these portions were repulped by identical methods and brightness measurements were made from this recycled pulp. Differences in these brightnesses were ploted against percent ash in the sheet. It was found that at low levels of addition the filler increases the …

Application Of A Kraft Mill Mathematical Model Of A Pdp-11, Deborah A. Larsen

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The need to estimate the effects of a design or operating change in kraft pulping and recovery processes has resulted in the development of a working mathematical model. This model is a series of equations which evaluate significant chemical flows and losses, cooking rates and process economics. Through careful application to a PDP-11 computer system, this model is available for economic evaluation of process changes to improve pulp quality. The information necessary to start up, run and understand the data is covered along with discussion of the history of the development of mathematical modelling.

Wilderness Recreation Experiences: The Rawah Case, Perry J. Brown, Glenn E. Haas

Forest Management Faculty Publications

This research focused on defining wilderness recreation experiences in terms of the psychological outcomes sought by the recreational users of the Rawah Wilderness in Colorado. Information on the outcomes was used to type users so that groups seeking different experiences could be identified. From a sample of 264 people, there were five types of wilderness recreation experiences identified. Use of information on the psychological outcomes sought by recreationists and on the types of recreationists pursuing specific activity and experience opportunities is discussed. Such information would aid in the development of more specific, quantifiable, and evaluative management objectives; could provide a …

The Addition Of Nacmc As An Anti-Redeposition Agent In The Floatation De-Inking Of Newsprint, Ronald R. Van Biervliet

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A study was performed to determine the effectiveness of NaCMC, as an anti-redeposition agent on newsprint, in a flotation deinking system. NaCMC performs the function of preventing soils from redepositing in many commercial laundry detergents. The study used six different surfactants; five were nonionic, and one was anionic. The effect of NaCMC was studied at three different levels of addition~ 0.05%, 1.0%, and 5.0%. One set of handsheets was produced with peroxide for comparison purposes. The effect of pH at 9.0, 10.0, and 11.0 with NaCMC was also studied. The data indicates that NaCMC does act as a redeposition agent …

Terrestrial Gastropods At The Uwm Cedar-Sauk Field Station, Joan P. Jass

Field Station Bulletins

A base line survey of the terrestrial gastropod fauna of the UWM Field Station near Saukville was conducted from June-September 1978 to complement other faunistic surveys conducted at this locality and to increase our information on the distribution of these mollusks in southeastern Wisconsin. To date there have been very few surveys of terrestrial gastropods in southeastern Wisconsin. In this survey 2975 specimens of 20 different identities were retrieved.

Flambeau Forest Blowdown, Glenn R. Guntenspergen, Christopher Dunn, John R. Dorney

Field Station Bulletins

On July 4,1977, the 160 acre Flambeau River Forest Scientific Area was struck by a downburst of hurricane proportions (Fujita 1977) which destroyed most of the preserve. This stand had been one of the few relatively untouched old growth northern hardwood forest stands in the Upper Great Lakes region. Hemlock, yellow birch, and sugar maple are the dominant canopy tree species. The vegetation of this stand had been studied in 1967 (Anderson 1968) and 1973 (Anderson unpublished). Thus, the Flambeau River Forest Scientific Area in northern Wisconsin provides a unique opportunity to examine the changes following large scale disturbance in …

Land Use Changes In Southeastern Wisconsin: The Landscape Pattern Project, John Dorney, Forest Stearns

Field Station Bulletins

Since settlement began in the 1830's, the native forest, wetland and prairie vegetation has been replaced by pasture, cultivated fields, highways, towns and cities. Fragmentation of the forest into smaller and smaller isolated patches influences the biological diversity of the remaining patches, as well as species replacement patterns and dispersal of seed and other propagules. This drastically alters the integrity of the regional system. This study documents changes in patterns of land use and forest vegetation and investigates factors influencing these changes and the effect of the present pattern on ecosystem maintenance. This work is part of a larger study …

Plybonding And The Belbond Multi-Ply Former, Mary Jane Hart

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This study was used to evaluate the improved plybond strength of the paperboard produced by the BelBond Multi-ply former. Samples of the headbox and plies after the couch were tested for Canadian Standard Freeness and related to fines content. An increase in CSF after forming shows a fine loss and loss of fiber specific surface area. The plybond increase is attributed to consistency of stock during joining the plies, the twin wire function, and dewatering in both directions of the web. Further fiber balance studies and moisture content analysis upon joining of the plies would be recommended.

Silane Treated Kaolins For Paper Coating, Jeffrey M. Brock

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Silanes have been used as coupling agents between inorganic reinforcements (such as clay) and polymer composites such as rubber and plastic for the past few years. The rubber industry uses silane-treated kaolin as reinforcements for SBR tires.

It is possible that silane-treated kaolin may provide desirable crosslinking properties in coatings used in the paper industry. This would provide strength to the coating and possibly maintain optical properties upon supercalendering. This study shows this may be possible from increased pick resistance with silane-treated kaolin coatings and a protein binder. These same coatings also yielded less ink absorption with silane-treated kaolins. Latex …

The Effects Of Pigment And Adhesive On Strength Development In Coated Paper, Henry G. Brink

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The application of a coating is expected to increase basepaper strength by a mechanism of adhesive penetration and enhancement of interfiber bonding similar to the strength improvements seen with size press treatments. It was felt, therefore, that the amount of strength improvement could be used as a measure of binder migration into the sheet. Pigmented and nonpigmented coatings were applied to a basepaper with a keegan coater. The pigment used was a predispersed clay, and the adhesive was a low viscosity polyvinyl alcohol. Both types of coatings produced statistically significant strength increases (up to 15% increase in tensile strength) over …

A Study Of The Water Quality In A Closed Deinking Operation, John A. Fortunato

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In studying the effects of deinking newspapers using recycled water, I found that the suspended solids hampered the efficiency of the operation and lowered the quality of the paper being produced. Biological activity in the water also plays an important role in the water quality of the system, and thereby the paper quality. Several of the water quality tests performed showed that the contaminants in the water will reach a plateau (equilibrium) region where no significant change is noticed. This implies that a closed system should be able to tolerate a moderate build up of some contaminants and still operate …