Life Sciences Commons^™

A Study Of The Relationship Between The Sugar Content Of Enzyme Converted Starch And Pick Values Of A Coated Sheet, David A. Mrochek

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this experiment was to convert starch by the use of enzyme. The conversion was carried out in a way to produce variations in the reducing sugar contents of the cooked starch. These starches were then applied as the adhesive in a coating mixture. Draw downs were made using the variety of coatings and then the sheets were tested for surface strength. The IGT Pick Tested was used. It was hoped that a definite relationship between sugar contents and pick values could be obtained. This, however, was not the case and the experiment would have to be considered …

A Study Of The Effect Of Fiber Length Distribution On The Tear Strength Of A Synthetic Fiber Sheet, Kit Funderburk

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Plans For Studies Of Aspen Management On The San Juan National Forest, A Prospectus, W. M. Johnson, L. A. Mueller, C. A. Myers

Aspen Bibliography

This prospectus for studies of aspen management on the San Juan National Forest is based on instructions contained in Director Price's' memorandum of October 24, 1968 and Assistant Director Hayes' memorandum of October 1, 1968.

Bird Hybrids In The Kettle Moraine, Millicent S. Ficken

Field Station Bulletins

Since hybridization in birds is so rare in nature, it is unusual to have the opportunity to study what happens when two species interbreed. Blue-winged Warblers (Vermivora pinus) and Golden-winged Warblers (V. chrysoptera) produce hybrids wherever they occur together. Furthermore, such hybrids are fertile and there is pairing between these hybrids and both parental species. When we learned that both species breed in the northern Kettle Moraine State Forest, we decided to see what sorts of interactions between the two species were occurring there. Our objective initially was to determine if pairing was random between the species, e.g. were Blue-wings …

Goldenrods, Peter J. Salamun

Field Station Bulletins

The Goldenrods, with their abundance and diversity, produce one of the most brilliant natural wildflower displays in our area from mid-August to November. In North America there are about one hundred species of these plants occurring in such habitats as upland woods, marshes, bogs, abandoned fields, dry roadsides, prairies, railroad rights-of-way and even open cliffs and sandy beaches. Approximately twenty-one species are found in Wisconsin.

Benedict Prairie, Philip B. Whitford

Field Station Bulletins

The Benedict Prairie Unit of The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Field Stations consists of about six acres, actually 100 feet wide and one half mile long, on what was once a railroad right of way on the old Kenosha-Silver Lake-Beloit branch line of the Chicago Northwestern Railroad.

In Quest Of The Elusive Ovenbird, Charles M. Weise

Field Station Bulletins

The Ovenbird was selected for intensive study at the UWM Field Station for a variety of reasons. First, it is closely adapted in all respects-morphological, physiological, behavioral- to the upland forest environment, reaching maximum numbers in climax forests, such as the maple-beech forest which is under special investigation at the station. Second, because of its song it can be accurately censused and annual variations in numbers can be detected. Third, unlike most of the hard-wood forest birds, which spend most of their time in the tree canopy, the Ovenbird both nests and feeds on the ground, thus making it more …

The Dispersion Of Titanium Dioxide In Paper, Michael James Gallagher

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

It has been recognized in the past that certain means of dispersing titanium dioxide in paper yielded better results. An optimum dispersion is one that results in the best optical efficiency of the pigment in the sheet.

In an attempt to pinpoint the optimum conditions the following facts were revealed. Increased mechanical action on the stock slightly increases the brightness and opacity. Pigment addition to higher consistency stock increases brightness and opacity considerably. The alum agglomerated impurities of soft water slightly increase opacity and decrease brightness in unpigmented papers; do not appreciably change the optical properties of pigmented sheets. Untreated …

Natural Variation In Abies Of The Southern Appalachians, John F. Robinson

Masters Theses

Determinations were made of several foliage, seed, and cone characteristics from material collected throughout the ranges of Abies fraseri in high elevations of Tennessee, North Carolina, and southern Virginia; Abies balsamea var phanerolepis in West Virginia and northern Virginia; and Abies balsamea from its southernmost distribution in Pennsylvania and southern New York.

Natural variation was investigated to determine relationships among these taxa, especially with reference to possible hybridity of A. balsamea var phanerolepis in West Virginia and northern Virginia. Much variation was found among species groups among stands within groups. Variation patterns suggested sampling from a north-south cline. Stand values …

The Biology Of Choristoneura Houstonana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), A Pest Of Juniperus Species, E. A. Heinrichs, Hugh E. Thompson

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Choristoneura houstonana (Grote) lays eggs singly in July. Egg development ranged from 8 to 11 days, with the majority hatching 10 days after oviposition. Larvae are solitary, and mine during early instars, but later instars feed externally on leaves in shelters made by webbing foliage together. There is one generation each year, and overwintering occurs in a hibernaculum, in mined leaves. Field-collected head-capsule width frequencies indicated nine larval instars. Rearing larvae on seedling junipers indoors indicated a range of 8–11 instars. Pupation occurs during June and July in the shelter where the larva feeds. The pupal stage lasted about 10 …

The Effect Of The Sequence Of Dilution Upon The Potential Brightness Of Coated Board, Michael G. Lindquist

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this study has been to determine the influence of the sequence of dilution upon the potential brightness of coated board. The sequence of diluting a coating slurry was varied and its effect upon the brightness of doubly coated board was noted. Besides the measurement of brightness, the coat weight and scattering coefficients were determined. The brightness was determined on the standard I.P.C. Brightness meter. The coat weight was determined from a modification of Tappi Standard T-627m58 while the scattering coefficient was determined from a table of brightness and scattering power.

The results indicated that diluting a coating …

Pine Seedling Survival And Growth Related To Moisture Retention Of Eight Texas Forest Soils, Curtis Eneim

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Greenhouse studies showed that loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling survival under severe drought and height growth under favorable and unfavorable moisture conditions were related to moisture retention values of eight East Texas soil types. Soil moisture retention constants nearer to field capacity tensions may give better indications of survival and development in droughty areas than moisture constants nearer to wilting point tensions. Likewise, water consumption (evapotranspiration) during favorable moisture conditions and during moisture stress was related to soil moisture retention characteristics. Costly reforestation failures can be avoided by examining the soil moisture retention characteristics of prospective planting sites to …

Target Markets For Directing Utah Summer Tourism Promotion And Information, Perry J. Brown

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The characteristics of tourists visiting Utah that are pertinent to defining target markets for the direction of state promotion programs were studied and analyzed during the summer of 1966.

Five significant geographical-party composition target markets were identified as prospective tourist markets. These were California families, East-West North Central families, Western families, East-West North Central couples, and California couples.

Target markets of enroute tourist parties were also identified for instate promotional efforts. The markets identified were divided on their relative degree of vacation planning and willingness to deviate from a planned route to visit additional attractions.

Significant differences among parties found …

Solar Radiation Under Thinned And Unthinned Lodgepole Pine Stands On The Utah State University School Forest, Belden B. Durtschi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Shortwave solar radiation was measured in the late winter of 1967 by means of actinographs below the canopy of two lodgepole pine stands, one thinned and the other unthinned, in northern Utah. Observations were made at four randomly selected stations in each stand and at one station in a large clearing. Radiation available below the thinned and unthinned stands was compared, and radiation in the open was compared with radiation beneath each stand.

Nearly all differences between stands were significant as were the differences between each stand and the open area.

A close correlation was shown between total radiation in …

Soil Moisture Recharge In Stands Of Quaking Aspen And Gambel Oak In Central Utah, James L. Boynton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Soil moisture recharge was studied in quaking aspen and Gambel oak forest areas of central Utah. The rate, timing, and duration of the recharge period was observed. Soil moisture readings were taken periodically throughout the winter of 1966 -1967.

Soil moisture recharge begins in October and continues until May. The period of most rapid increase in recharge is between February and May. This corresponds to a rapid decrease in the zenith angle of the sun at the surface of the area and also to a decrease in cloud cover over the area.

Deep soils and high infiltration capacities prevent surface …

Evaluation Of The Effects Of Reduced Transpiration Upon Soil Moisture Retention In An Aspen Stand Throughout The Growing Season In Northern Utah, Michael Zan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The direct effects of chemically- induced reduced transpiration on soil moisture were studied in a sub-watershed of the greater Logan River drainage.

No statistically significant differences occurred among the total amounts of water transpired by the treated and control units.

The seasonal low points of soil moisture, in September, showed no significant differences in final moisture retention for the two years studied, either for the control or the treated portions of the study site.

The 1967 season showed a lag in soil moisture depletion compared to the 1966 season. Although a later spring in 1967 may have aided in the …

Winter Bird Studies At The Uwm Field Station, Charles M. Weise

Field Station Bulletins

The winter trapping program was begun in the winter of 1965-66 and was expanded and conducted more systematically in 1966-67 and 1967-68. The primary objective has been to determine accurately the daily and seasonal changes in body weight and depot fat in the Chickadee and Junco. Secondarily, we (my students and I) have been interested in the winter population densities of these birds, their organization into social groups and flocks, their movements and range of activity in the local area.

The Effect Of Shear On Aqueous Alkaline Protein Solutions, Ronald E. Hostetler

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The effect of shear on aqueous alkaline protein solutions of casein and a medium viscosity soybean was studied. A Haake Rotovisco viscometer and an Eppenboch agitator were used as shear sources. The light scattering technique was employed to note the changes in molecular weight.

The protein solution was sheared at 20% solids, and clarified by centrifugation and filtration. The solutions were investigated with the light scattering photometer, at pH 10.3, 13% ammonium hydroxide (based on weight of protein), 23°C and between 0.2 and 2.0% concentration.

Results showed that denaturization, causing aggregation, resulted from pressure filtration during clarification of …

The Effect Of Molecular Weight On The Retrogradation Of Amylose, Darryl O'Daye

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The effect of molecular weight on the rate of retrogradation of amylose was studied by monitoring turbidity (corrected for molecular shape) with a light scattering photometer. The results obtained showed that by acid modification of the amylose fraction of starch, the chain length of amylose molecules were reduced. The rate of retrogradation increased with decreasing molecular weight until a maximum was reached at 1 1/2 hours of hydrolysis. The rate of retrogradation then decreased with further decreasing molecular weight until retrogradation began to lessen.

Forestry Bulletin No. 16: Silviculture Of Slash Pine, Laurence C. Walker, Harry V. Wiant Jr.

Forestry Bulletins No. 1-25, 1957-1972

An analysis of the reproduction, management and destructive agents in relation to the Slash Pine.

The High Consistency Refining Of Reclaimed Paper Stock, David M. Farrell

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

By subjecting reclaimed paper stock to high consistency refining (HCR) the strength of the paper was developed, without having an adverse effect on the drainage. HCR was performed on the stock at (29% ± 1%) consistency in a Bauer single disc refiner. The HCR stock was compared to conventional refining at 4.5% consistency, which was also refined in the disc refiner.

It was shown that the conventional refining of the paper stock has an adverse effect on drainage because it developed a large percentage of fines and shives. It is believed that these were developed because the reclaimed paper stock …

The Effect Of A Weight Agent On The Process Of Waste Activated Sludge, Ciro A. Mazzola

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The effect of clay as a weighted agent on waste activated sludges generated from the activated sludge process was measured with respect to the gravity thickening rate. In addition, final thickened sludge consistency, centrifuge and pressurized cake dryness, and filterability were measured.

Profile Studies On Pigmented Coatings Under Different Drying Conditions, Andrew M. Lukas

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Experimental procedures were conducted to observe the latex migration tendencies under various drying conditions, by physical and optical analysis. Gloss, calendered and uncalendered and smoothness may be increased by heat drying the coated side of the sheet while brightness tends to decrease. Magnification of 1200 X and 17000 X were used to optimetrically observe the latex particle distribution in the sheet.

The Pulping Of Wood With A N-Butyl Alcohol-Water System, John D. Sinkey

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Aspen chips were cooked in liquor composed of equal volumes of n-butyl alcohol and water, at reflux and at 150 and 185 degrees Centigrade, in order to investigate the potential use of this organic liquid as a pulping agent. Of particular interest were the effects of adding certain substances to the liquor, the effects of time and temperature, and the effects of liquor pH, as controlled by various reagents. Pulping action increased and yields decreased with increasing digestion time and temperature. No apparent advantage in pulping was demonstrated when polysulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, or sodium xylene sulfonate was added to the …

Pigment Particle Packing And How It Effects Properties Of The Coated Sheet, James S. Vaughan

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This study shows the relatively small effect that pigment particle packing has on properties of the coated sheet. An attempt was made to vary the degree of flocculation of the coating without effecting its other properties. The test run on the coated sheets were brightness, opacity, glass and K & N ink absorption. The results showed no change in both brightness and opacity with an increase in flocculation, and only slight trends in decrease in glass and K&N absorption as the flocculation increased.

Seasonal Lipid Content Of Bagworm Larvae, E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

It is common knowledge to many who have attempted to control bagworms Thyridopteryx sp., that early instars are fairly easy to control, while later larval stages are less susceptible to insecticides. Studies of other insects (Bennett and Thomas 1963, Munson and Gottlieb 1953, Munson et al. 1954, Reier et al. 1953) have shown that as the lipid content increases, the susceptibility to insecticides (especially chlorinated hydrocarbons) decreases. To determine whether the lipid content of the bagworm larva increased with age a series of lipid extractions was conducted.

B658: Susceptibility And Vulnerability Of Forests To The Pine Leaf Aphid Pineus Pinilolile (Fitch) (Adelgidae), John B. Dimond, Robert H. Bishop

Bulletins

In the late 1950s, early 1960s, Maine and surrounding regions experienced an outbreak of the pine leaf aphid (or adelgid). The population progression began about 1955, as indicated by tree growth reductions (2), a peak was reached about 1961, after which populations gradually regressed through the late 1960s. As a result of the outbreak, there was considerable growth reduction of white pine in some regions and scattered tree mortality. Among the many observations on the insect made during the outbreak were (a) the aphid was abundant in only certain portions of Maine and remained uncommon in the remainder of the …

The Role Of Adventitious Reinforcement In Operant Discrimination, Alan Kamil, John W. Davenport

Avian Cognition Papers

Rats were trained in 2 S^D-S^Δ discrimination experiments in which the effects of an S^D-postponement contingency during S^Δ and temporal regularity of S^Δ duration were assessed. Experiment I showed that discrimination is markedly facilitated by the presence of an S^D-postponement contingency of either fixed or variable duration. Experiment II showed that variable-duration S^Δ periods in a noncontingent schedule can also greatly enhance formation of an operant discrimination. These effects were attributed to differences in the probability of adventitious reinforcement of S^Δ behavior by S^D events.

Wisconsin's Earliest Native Flowering Plant, Peter J. Salamun

Field Station Bulletins

With the coming of spring there is an enthusiastic revival of interest in people for the out-of-doors and, not infrequently, a more than casual interest in the pursuit of the first flowering plant. For the stay-at-home there is contentment in simply waiting for the first Crocus, Scilla, Narcissus, Forsythia or even the Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber) to bloom, but the dedicated naturalist is not satisfied until he finds the native harbinger-of-spring. During this adventure the often asked question is "What is the earliest native flowering species?"

Optimal Forest Investment Decisions Through Dynamic Programming, Gerard F. Schreuder

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.