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Articles 121 - 143 of 143
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Dietary Patterns Of Mediterranean Adolescents, Sandra Ellan Brussee
Dietary Patterns Of Mediterranean Adolescents, Sandra Ellan Brussee
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is renowned for its health benefits. However, adherence appears to be lessening in the Mediterranean region as rates of overweight, obesity, and chronic disease are increasing. The adoption of a "western diet" (high amounts of meats, refined grains, snacks, and fast-food products) has been termed the "Nutrition Transition". Adolescents appear to be the most affected; therefore their diets and eating patterns were examined in this study. The objectives were to study food group-based consumption of adolescents, compare average servings with recommendations from the USDA Food Guide Pyramid (FGP) and the MD Pyramid, identify and compare eating …
The Effect Of Dietary Manganese On Arterial Functional Properties, Anastasia Z. Kalea
The Effect Of Dietary Manganese On Arterial Functional Properties, Anastasia Z. Kalea
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Dietary manganese affects the structure and integrity of blood vessels, as well as vessel predisposition to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. In this thesis, we studied the role of manganese on the functional properties of rat aorta as defined by the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell pathways for adrenergic-mediated vasoconstriction and cholinergic-mediated vasodilation. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a manganese deficient (MnD), adequate (MnA-control group) or supplemented (MnS) diet (<1, 10-15 and 45-50ppm Mn respectively). After 14 weeks on the diet the aorta was excised and four aortic rings of three mm length were prepared from each animal. Alterations in vasoconstriction among diet groups were detected by dose-response curves to the ^-adrenergic agonist LPhenylephrine in endothelium-intact and endothelium-disrupted rings. Alterations in endothelium-dependent vasodilation among diet groups were determined by doseresponse curves to Acetylcholine. We studied the mechanism by which dietary manganese affects two different endothelium-dependent vasodilation pathways: the Larginine/ nitric oxide (NO) and the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways. Inhibition of the enzymes for NO synthesis (NOS) with L-NMMA, and of prostanoids (COX I and II) with Mefenamic acid, determination of NOS expression, and in vitro addition of L-Arginine (substrate for NO formation) to vessel rings revealed the effect of manganese on the regulation of endothelium-mediated vasodilation and vasoconstriction. Dose-response curves to sodium nitroprusside provided data for the dietary effect on endotheliumindependent vasodilation. Supplementary dietary manganese increased adrenoreceptor-mediated vascular smooth muscle contraction, which was significantly reduced in the presence of functional endothelium. Absence of dietary manganese increased endothelial cell sensitivity to the (Xi-adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent. Manganese had a small effect on the cGMP-pathway for dilation of vascular smooth muscle but affected vasodilation primarily through an endothelium-mediated pathway, probably by preserving NO bioavailability. Inhibition of vasodilation in Mn deficiency appears to occur through an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor, possibly thromboxane with a concomitant decrease in the synthesis of endothelium-mediated vasodilator prostanoids. Our results demonstrate that dietary manganese influences the contractile machinery of vascular smooth muscle cells and regulates the bioactivity of endothelium-mediated vasodilators to affect agonist-induced signaling pathways that participate in the regulation of vasomotor tone. This suggests possibilities for dietary intervention in blood pressure regulation.
The Effect Of Whole Wild Blueberries On Endothelial Function Of The Sprague-Dawley Rat As Related To Cardiovascular Disease, Cynthia Ann Norton
The Effect Of Whole Wild Blueberries On Endothelial Function Of The Sprague-Dawley Rat As Related To Cardiovascular Disease, Cynthia Ann Norton
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly fed three different diets (n=8 per group), a control diet (AIN '93) (C), a blueberry diet (B) for 13 weeks and a reverse diet (R)(C for 13 weeks, switched to B for 8 weeks). Aortae were excised, rings were prepared, and two intact and two denuded rings were immersed in tissue baths containing physiological salt solution (PSS) at 37OC, aerated with 95% 0 2 and 5% CO2 (pH 7.4). Following equilibration and pre-conditioning under 1 Sgm preload, cumulative dose response curves were generated with six doses of the a-1 adrenergic receptor agonist L- Phenylephrine …
Determination Of Residential-Use Turf Pesticides In Surface And Ground Water By Hplc/Dad, Danyun Zhu
Determination Of Residential-Use Turf Pesticides In Surface And Ground Water By Hplc/Dad, Danyun Zhu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A simple. relatively fast, and efficient method has been developed for the simultaneous detection of residual levels of the pesticides dithiopyr, fenoxaprop-1'-e~hyl, l~alofenozide, and oryzalin in surface and ground water. This method involves solid phase (SPE) extraction/clean-up of these pesticides from water, followed by detcction and quantification by a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with a photo diode array detector (DAD). The recoveries for dithiopyr, fenoxaprop-l'-c~I~yl. halofenozide, and oryzalin were performed by fortifying ground water from 0.1 ppb to 100 ppb, and surface water from 0.2 ppb to 100 ppb. For ground water, percent recoveries ranged from 89 to …
Evaluating Attitudes Of Obesity And Their Change Processes Among Student Teachers And School Teachers On The World Wide Web Using The Elaboration Likelihood Model, Anne L. Hague
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Teachers have an active role in helping to prevent and deter stigmatizing acts toward children labeled as "fat." The objective was to examine attitudes of obesity and their change processes among student teachers and schoolteachers, when exposed to a Web-based educational module promoting size acceptance, using the Elaboration- Likelihood Model (ELM). The ELM is a theoretical approach to message-based persuasion specifying conditions under which attitude change occurs. The theory was used to explain the impact of the module (content included etiological factors of obesity, implications of weight loss efforts, and emotionaVpsychosocia1 effects of obesity), high nutrition credibility of the module …
Antioxidant Assessment In Western Maine Elderly Women Following 30 Days Of Wild Blueberry Consumption, John David Bagnulo
Antioxidant Assessment In Western Maine Elderly Women Following 30 Days Of Wild Blueberry Consumption, John David Bagnulo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Increased fruit and vegetable consumption is the single most protective characteristic of a diet against disease. While the exact mechanism by which this protection is offered remains unclear, the leading theory is centered on the antioxidant content of fruits and vegetables. Recent studies have shown that certain fruits and vegetables have significantly higher antioxidant contents than others. Wild North American blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium) have one of the highest antioxidant contents of all h i t s and vegetables tested. This thesis investigates the relationship between the consumption of blueberries and blood antioxidant levels in 24 elderly women. In addition, fruits …
Testing Two Food Frequency Questionnaires And Stage-Based Newsletters With Economically Disadvantaged Young Adults, Beth J. Williams
Testing Two Food Frequency Questionnaires And Stage-Based Newsletters With Economically Disadvantaged Young Adults, Beth J. Williams
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
One of the most important ways to decrease risk of chronic disease development is to consume ample portions of h i t and vegetables. However, less than one-third of young adults meet "5-A-Day" servings, and variety is limited. Economically disadvantaged young adults may be especially vulnerable and are a hard to reach audience. Many of the Cooperative Extension programs are designed to reach low-income audiences and assist them in making changes in knowledge, skills, attitudes, and dietary choices for nutritional well-being. The objectives of this study were, in Phase I, to test two food frequency instruments for feasibility of use …
Antimicrobial Use Of Native And Enzymatically Degraded Chitosans For Seafood Applications, Todd Andrew Nicholas
Antimicrobial Use Of Native And Enzymatically Degraded Chitosans For Seafood Applications, Todd Andrew Nicholas
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Millions of pounds of crab and shrimp shell waste are created every year by the seafood industry. This waste is very resistant to biodegradation and disposal is problematic. Crustacean shells are composed mainly of chitin that can be converted to chitosan by deacetylation. Many current shelf life extension and pathogen inhibition methods employ the use of various chemical preservatives. Chitosan, an abundant natural polysaccharide, possesses antimicrobial as well as functional properties that may be useful in improving quality of stored foods. These properties may be influenced by a number of factors that must be studied before determining the most useful …
The Use Of Polyphosphates To Maintain Yield And Quality Of Whole Cooked, Cryogenically Frozen Lobster (Homarus Americanus) And The Use Of Sorbitol And Tocopherol To Maintain Quality Of Whole Cooked, Cryogenically Frozen Crab (Cancer Irroratus), Beth Louise Calder
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The lobster fishery is valuable to Maine seafood processors, a commodity worth over $160 million dollars in 2001. Jonah and Rock crab are underutilized Maine seafood species, which are incidentally caught with lobster. Maine seafood processors could process this non-essential catch, and lobster into high quality frozen seafood products to increase national and international markets, which may have a significant economic impact. Cryogenic freezing can retain high quality texture and flavor attributes in seafood. Freezing can still cause cellular damage, however minimal. Sodium tripolyphophate (STP) and sorbitol are noted for their cryoprotectant effects, and tocopherol has been found to have …
Effects Of Different Lowbush Blueberry Purees On Lipid Oxidation In Pre-Cooked Ground Turkey Patties, Kathleen Gabriel Buzzard
Effects Of Different Lowbush Blueberry Purees On Lipid Oxidation In Pre-Cooked Ground Turkey Patties, Kathleen Gabriel Buzzard
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A growing trend in the food industry is the development of pre-cooked, ready-to-eat, meat products that only require reheating. However, reheating meats creates off-flavors that have been identified as warmed-over flavors (WOF). The off-flavors pose a problem to product development specialists during the development of cooked meat products. Lipid oxidation has been determined to effect warmed-over flavor, texture, and the appearance of reheated meat products. Ground turkey undergoes lipid oxidation rapidly because of its high-unsaturated fat content. Blueberries contain antioxidants, including anthocyanins and phenolic acids, which could potentially retard the rate of lipid oxidation in precooked meats. Blueberries are assorted …
Effects Of Post-Harvest Treatments On The Microbiological Quality And Pesticide Residues Of Lowbush Blueberries, Kristi Michele Crowe
Effects Of Post-Harvest Treatments On The Microbiological Quality And Pesticide Residues Of Lowbush Blueberries, Kristi Michele Crowe
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Lowbush blueberries of the species Vaccinium angustifohm are native to the Northeast United States. In the state of Maine, lowbush blueberries are commercially managed and harvested each year to be marketed as either IQF (individually quick fiozen) or fiesh pack. Since IQF berries are processed at the field level, post-harvest treatments must be effective in ensuring crop quality and safety. Furthermore, with the increase in concern for microbiological and chemical food safety, post-harvest treatment of lowbush blueberries must be effective in reducing microbial populations and pesticide residues. Currently, the Maine Wild Blueberry Industry incorporates a 50-100ppm chlorinated water spray into …
Validation Of Physical Activity Recording By Adolescent Girls, Alison Camesano
Validation Of Physical Activity Recording By Adolescent Girls, Alison Camesano
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Physical activity is recorded in bone mineralization studies because physical activity increases bone mass and decreases the risk of osteoporosis. The purpose of this research was to validate a method of physical activity recording used in a longitudinal bone study of adolescent girls. The physical activity recording method was a combination of a diary and an interview-administered recall. The method was validated against an objective measure of physical activity. Twenty-four adolescent girls between the ages of 9.8 and 14.1 wore Stayhealthy RT3 Research Trackers (tri-axial accelerometers) arid recorded their activity for 24 hours on a diary form. The activity records …
Determination Of Residual Hexazinone In Maine's Soil And Water, L. Brian Perkins
Determination Of Residual Hexazinone In Maine's Soil And Water, L. Brian Perkins
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Hexazinone, a systemic herbicide registered for use on wild blueberries in 1983 is credited with increasing Maine's wild blueberry crop by three-fold over a 10 year period, while also increasing overall fruit quality. Unfortunately, the high water solubility of hexazinone gives it a high leaching potential. This solubility factor is exacerbated by the sandy soils where wild blueberries are commonly propagated. In 1991 a routine screen for pesticides used in blueberry agriculture revealed traces of hexazinone in water samples from property formerly used for blueberry production. This discovery has led to the development of solid phase extraction (SPE) and direct-injection …
Complementary And Alternative Medicines: The Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Of Dietitians In Maine, Jennifer Kristy Lawrance
Complementary And Alternative Medicines: The Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Of Dietitians In Maine, Jennifer Kristy Lawrance
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Consumer interest in complementary/alternative medicines (CAM) has increased substantially in the past thirty years. This is due to the growing knowledge of the link between diet and disease, as well as the cost and accessibility of health care. Despite substantial advances in the medical treatment of disease, many people seek patient-directed, nonprescription approaches to prevent and treat disease. In fact, it has been estimated that consumers spend over $ 13 billion each year on CAM. More people are taking ownership of their own health, and have thus turned to nonprescription measures for the prevention and treatment of disease. For the …
Can Cranberry Supplementation Reduce Risks For Diabetes?, Belinda K. Chambers
Can Cranberry Supplementation Reduce Risks For Diabetes?, Belinda K. Chambers
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Diabetes affects approximately 250 million people worldwide and health care costs related to diabetes equal approximately $98 billion each year. Aldose reductase has been shown to contribute to the side effects of diabetes including kidney disease, nerve disease, and retinopathy. Cranberries contain anthocyanins and other flavonoids that have been shown in vitro to inhibit the enzyme aldose reductase and to inhibit protein glycosylation. It is believed that daily cranberry supplementation could reduce side effects of diabetes. Twenty-seven adults with type 2 diabetes were recruited for this 12 week double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Fasting blood analysis was done at weeks 0, 6, …
Adolescent Girls:Calcium Intake And Sources, Laura Agard
Adolescent Girls:Calcium Intake And Sources, Laura Agard
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Calcium is an essential nutrient required for normal growth and development of the skeleton and teeth. Adequate calcium intake is critical during early adolescence to optimize peak bone mass and decrease the risk of osteoporosis later in life. Previous researchers, however, have concluded that adolescent girls consume insufficient calcium to meet the demands of rapid skeletal growth. National surveys conducted prior to 1997 showed that t.he major sources of calcium for adolescent girls were milk and milk products. Shortly after the new Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI's) for calcium were released in 1997, calcium fortified foods became more readily available on …
Pasteurization Of Apple Cider With Uv Irradiation, Nazife Canitez
Pasteurization Of Apple Cider With Uv Irradiation, Nazife Canitez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In a period of increasing concern about food safety, food poisoning outbreaks where unpasterurized apple cider or apple juice was found contaminated with Escherichia coli 0157:H7 reinforces the need for using the best technologies in apple cider production. Most apple cider is sold as an unpasteurized raw product. Because of their acidity, it was believed that juice products do not usually contain microorganisms such as E. coli 0157:H7, Salmonella, and Crytosporidium. Yet all of these foodborne pathogens are capable of being transmitted in unpasteurized juices. It is known that these pathogens can survive for several weeks in a …
Validation Of A Sun-Exposure Questionnaire For Adolescent Girls, Jennifer L. Cobb
Validation Of A Sun-Exposure Questionnaire For Adolescent Girls, Jennifer L. Cobb
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sunlight is a major contributor to an individual's vitamin D status. Determinants of sun exposure have been used in conjunction with dietary data to study the effect of sunlight on bone health of elderly populations. Sun-exposure questionnaires to assess vitamin D status have not been utilized or tested in populations of children in the United States. This is the first questionnaire, used in accordance with vitamin D research, to be tested against an objective measure of sun exposure and to account for diurnal variation in ultraviolet B (UVB) ray strength. The objective of this study was to develop and validate …
Development And Characterization Of Pastas Containing Underutilized Crab Mince, Barbara Lorraine Gillman
Development And Characterization Of Pastas Containing Underutilized Crab Mince, Barbara Lorraine Gillman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Almost three and a half million pounds of Atlantic Rock and Jonah crab, having a value of almost $1 million, are landed annually in Maine. These landings generate approximately 2.5 million pounds of post-processing waste each year. The by-product consists mainly of shell, viscera, and unpicked meat. Mechanical separation of crustacean by-product can result in an additional 15-20% food grade minced meat, which can be utilized to produce value-added products for human consumption. One such product that may be enhanced by crab mince is fiesh pasta. Americans are eating more pasta than ever before and eesh pasta consumption is very …
Chemical Characterization Of Wild Maine Cranberries, Dolly Jean Watson
Chemical Characterization Of Wild Maine Cranberries, Dolly Jean Watson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study was conducted to analyze wild Maine cranberries for anthocyanin (ACY), anthocyanidin, organic acid, L-ascorbic acid, and moisture content. Cranberries were analyzed in both the fiesh and fiozen states. Analysis for ACY and anthocyanidin content was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Capillary Electrophoresis (CE); organic acids by HPLC; and L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) and moisture by AOAC methods for titration and drying, respectively. ACY results showed similar qualitative profiles for all cultivars except one where no detectable ACY were present. Four major peaks and two minor peaks were detected, which have been tentatively identified as the galactosides …
Factors Influencing The Oxidation Of Lipoproteins And Plasma Lipids, Yanshan Ma
Factors Influencing The Oxidation Of Lipoproteins And Plasma Lipids, Yanshan Ma
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The hypothesis that antioxidant vitamins (ascorbate and tocopherols) along with urate protect blood plasma lipids from oxidation was tested. Dietary fat is also an important factor influencing plasma lipid peroxidation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of plasma antioxidants and dietary fat on low density lipoprotein (LDL) and plasma lipid oxidation. In the first part of this study, we compared the ability of urate and ascorbate to protect human LDL from in vitro oxidation. LDL oxidation was initiated by 15 mM of a water soluble azo-initiator in the presence or absence of ascorbate or urate. The …
Ultrafiltration Of Skim Milk Prior To Cottage Cheese Making, Izhar H. Athar
Ultrafiltration Of Skim Milk Prior To Cottage Cheese Making, Izhar H. Athar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cottage cheese has the largest sales volume potential of all cultured dairy products in the United States today. Moreover, it can be a highly profitable product if proper control is exercised during its manufacturing (46). Commercial production of cottage cheese utilizes a significant portion of the total fluid milk produced in the U. S.A. After the 1955's, yearly per capita consumption of cottage cheese increased from 1. 7 7 kg (3.9 lb) to a high of 2. 45 kg (5.4 lb) in 1972 (67) . Consumer demand for lower fat dairy products gradually increased, which put more pricing emphasis on …
The Vitamin B Content Of Kale Greens., Virginia Lee Smith
The Vitamin B Content Of Kale Greens., Virginia Lee Smith
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.