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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Billbug (Sphenophorus Spp.) Chemical Ecology And Seasonal Biology In Indiana Turfgrass, Alexandra G. Duffy
Billbug (Sphenophorus Spp.) Chemical Ecology And Seasonal Biology In Indiana Turfgrass, Alexandra G. Duffy
Open Access Theses
Billbugs (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Sphenophorus) are serious pests of managed turfgrass across North America. Damage symptoms are most visible during stressful periods of the growing season and are commonly confused with disease, drought, or nutrient deficiency. Billbugs are frequently a perennial problem and when misdiagnosed, damage often results in seriously degraded stands of turfgrass that are easily encroached by weeds. Presently, management of billbugs relies heavily on chemical insecticides. Even then, the nationwide assemblage of multiple sympatric billbug species and the cryptic nature of the damaging larval stage makes management of these insects challenging. A better understanding of billbug biology …
Investigations On The Vampire Moth Genus Calyptra Ochsenheimer, Incorporating Taxonomy, Life History, And Bioinformatics (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Calpinae), Julia L. Snyder
Open Access Theses
The seventeen species and two subspecies described in the genus Calyptra are known to be obligate fruit piercers, with some species being of economic importance. Males within the genus have not only been observed piercing their fruit hosts, but have also been documented to occasionally feed on mammalian blood. The genetic and ecological mechanisms contributing to host preference for either plant or vertebrate hosts in this lineage are unknown. Thus, the focus of this study was to investigate the chemosensory systems between and among Calyptra species exhibiting differential feeding strategies. Before investigating the chemosensory systems within Calyptra, the taxonomy …
Tolerance As A Novel Mechanism Of Hessian Fly Control On Wheat, Kirsten E. Roe
Tolerance As A Novel Mechanism Of Hessian Fly Control On Wheat, Kirsten E. Roe
Open Access Theses
The effects of Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say) infestation on the putative tolerant wheat line Pioneer ®brand variety 25R78 were investigated at the seedling stage. Measurements, including leaf and tiller number, leaf growth rate, and total leaf lengths were recorded for two time intervals, 16 and 32 days post infestation (dpi). At 16 dpi, total leaf length changes and leaf growth rates were significantly lower for infested tolerant plants versus uninfested plants. No permanent growth effects occurred in the 32-day set. There were no significant differences in change in leaf length and leaf growth rate in infested tolerant plants …
Nestmate Recognition In Odorous House Ants (Tapinoma Sessile): Effects Of Social Plasticity, Urbanization, And Laboratory Maintenance, Timothy J. Luttermoser
Nestmate Recognition In Odorous House Ants (Tapinoma Sessile): Effects Of Social Plasticity, Urbanization, And Laboratory Maintenance, Timothy J. Luttermoser
Open Access Theses
Odorous house ants (Tapinoma sessile) are a widespread North American ant species and common nuisance pest. In addition to their pest status, odorous house ants are of interest as a model system for understanding the factors that lead to variable queen number and nesting strategy across ants, as well as possible insight into common traits of exotic invasive (or “tramp”) ant species. While T. sessile is native to North America, in urban environments it forms large supercolonies with many queens and nest sites connected by trails, similar to a variety of exotic invasive ants, most of which are …
Eco-Evolutionary Factors Drive Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles, Which Intercept Plant Defense, Elizabeth K. Rowen
Eco-Evolutionary Factors Drive Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles, Which Intercept Plant Defense, Elizabeth K. Rowen
Open Access Theses
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) mediate a wide variety of interactions in ecosystems. However, many volatile compounds are found across plant taxa, and some are exploited to attract natural enemies for biological control. Subtle changes in HIPV blends can produce profound changes in the behavior of predators, parasitoids and herbivores, and may also alter the defensive processes of neighboring plants. I investigated different ecological and evolutionary factors to understand how plant volatile emissions are affected by feeding guild, herbivore diet breadth and domestication. I meta-analyzed 109 studies and found that specialists induce more total volatiles than generalists. Domesticated species have stronger …
Potential Of Ozone Technology For German Cockroach (Bblattella Germanica (L.)) Management, Yanlin Tian
Potential Of Ozone Technology For German Cockroach (Bblattella Germanica (L.)) Management, Yanlin Tian
Open Access Theses
German cockroaches (Blattella germanica (L.)) are important urban pests that adversely impact human health. Previous studies indicated that ozone technology (ozone gas) can be used as a management tool to control insect pests in grain storage facilities, stored foods and some finished products. The goal of my study was to broaden the applicability of ozone from traditional stored grain pests to B. germanica. The first part of my study determined the concentration-time (CT) relationship of ozone required to achieve 100% mortality in various life stages (adults, nymphs and eggs) ofB. germanica. Results showed that eggs were the most ozone-tolerant …
Identification, Description, And Activity Of Proteins In The Tergal Glands Of The German Cockroach, Blattella Germanica (L.), Aaron Myers
Open Access Theses
German cockroaches are important urban pests that have been linked to asthma and serious allergic reactions in sensitized individuals. In this research project I, (i) identified different proteins expressed in the tergal glands of male German cockroaches, (ii) determined the expression levels of these proteins in different cockroach life stages and tissues, and (iii) investigated the role of the tergal gland alpha-amylase (BGTG-1) protein. ^ Four major tergal gland proteins were separated on denaturing polyacrylamide gels. With peptide sequencing two of these proteins were identified as alpha-amylase (BGTG-1) and Blattella germanica allergen 2 (Bla g 2). Both of these proteins …
Management Of Bacterial Wilt On Muskmelon Using Actigard, Fawzia Mumtaz
Management Of Bacterial Wilt On Muskmelon Using Actigard, Fawzia Mumtaz
Open Access Theses
Bacterial wilt of muskmelon caused by Erwinia trachephila (E.F. Smith), is one of the most important diseases of cucurbits, particularly muskmelon, in the world. This pathogen is transmitted by the striped cucumber beetle,Accalyma vittatum (F.), and causes serious economic losses in fruit yield and quality. Control of this disease is usually accomplished by applying insecticides to kill the beetles before disease transmission occurs. The goal of this study was to reduce the bacterial wilt incidence or beetle feeding on muskmelon using an alternative control method, the plant activator acibenzolar-S-methyl (Actigard) ® . The potential for using acibenzolar-S-methyl as a …
Suitability Of Blue Ash (Fraxinus Quadrangulata) And Green Ash (F. Pennsylvanica) To Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus Planipennis) And Its Larval Parasitoid Tetrastichus Planipennisi., Donnie "L. " Peterson
Suitability Of Blue Ash (Fraxinus Quadrangulata) And Green Ash (F. Pennsylvanica) To Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus Planipennis) And Its Larval Parasitoid Tetrastichus Planipennisi., Donnie "L. " Peterson
Open Access Theses
Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis ) is a primary pest that has killed tens of millions of North American ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees. The larval parasitoid Tetrastichus planipennisi was introduced from China as part of a classical biological control program for long-term EAB management. The high mortality rates of ash trees greatly reduce the number of EAB hosts and may make it difficult for parasitoids to persist. However, blue ash ( F. quadrangulata ) is relatively resistant and appears to be able to survive EAB infestation. If natural enemies can attack EAB in infested blue ash they …
Potential Impact Of Neonicotinoid Insecticides On Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) In Muskmelon Production, Kira L. Nixon
Potential Impact Of Neonicotinoid Insecticides On Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) In Muskmelon Production, Kira L. Nixon
Open Access Theses
Honey bees (Apis mellifera ) provide pollination services to many agricultural crops, including cucurbits. Neonicotinoids are commonly applied to cucurbits where honey bee colonies are often rented for sufficient pollination and proper fruit set. The goals of this study were to determine the potential impact of neonicotinoid residues on honey bees in muskmelon production and to determine the extent and duration of striped cucumber beetle control among treatments. The neonicotinoids evaluated were imidacloprid and its metabolites imidacloprid olefin and 5-hydroxyimidacloprid, thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin, and acetamiprid. Thiamethoxam applied as a FarMore ® seed treatment resulted in a highest …
Towards The Development Of Ash Varieties Resistant To Emerald Ash Borer, Lindsay Ann Kolich
Towards The Development Of Ash Varieties Resistant To Emerald Ash Borer, Lindsay Ann Kolich
Open Access Theses
The emerald ash borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a destructive invasive beetle from Asia which has killed millions of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) throughout North America. This phloem-feeding borer is capable of killing otherwise healthy trees and colonizes trees as small as saplings - most affected trees die within four years of colonization. Asian ash species (i.e., Manchurian and Chinese) appear to be more resistant to EAB than those native to North America (e.g., green, white, and black ash). In this project we use reciprocal and conspecific grafts of these five ash species to determine the …
A Novel Three Degree-Of-Freedoms Oscillation System Of Insect Flapping Wings, Yi Qin
A Novel Three Degree-Of-Freedoms Oscillation System Of Insect Flapping Wings, Yi Qin
Open Access Theses
We propose an oscillation system to replicate the dynamic behavior of flapping wings, inspired by insect flight muscles. In particular, we study the flight of the fruit fly Drosophila virilis . We model the wing as a rigid body with three degree-of-freedom, described by three Euler angles: the stroke angle, the rotation angle and the deviation angle. Insect flight muscles are separated into two types: power muscles and control muscles. One actuator and one torsional spring at the stroke angle act as the power muscles. Two torsional springs at the rotation angle and the deviation angle mimic the control muscles. …
Impacts Of Insecticide Treatments On Platytetranychus Multidigituli (Acari:Tetranychidae) And Predatory Mites On Gleditsia Triacanthos Var. Inermis (Honeylocust), Adam Robert Witte
Impacts Of Insecticide Treatments On Platytetranychus Multidigituli (Acari:Tetranychidae) And Predatory Mites On Gleditsia Triacanthos Var. Inermis (Honeylocust), Adam Robert Witte
Open Access Theses
Spider mite outbreaks can occur in urban forests after insecticides are applied to control early season pests. We used thornless honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis) and honeylocust spider mite (Platytetranychus multidigituli) as a model to investigate this phenomenon by applying both topical and systemic insecticides to treat early season pests of honeylocust. Impacts of these applications on populations of P. multidigituli and its associated predatory mites were assessed. Early season applications of bifenthrin caused outbreaks of honeylocust spider mite and drastically reduced phytoseiids but not the stigmaeid mite, Zetzellia mali. In contrast later season applications suppressed populations of P. multidigituli. …