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2003

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Articles 1 - 19 of 19

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Cd43 Modulates Severity And Onset Of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis., Thandi M. Onami, M. L. Ford, A. Sperling, R. Ahmed, B. D. Evavold Dec 2003

Cd43 Modulates Severity And Onset Of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis., Thandi M. Onami, M. L. Ford, A. Sperling, R. Ahmed, B. D. Evavold

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model of multiple sclerosis characterized by infiltration of activated CD4(+) T lymphocytes into tissues of the CNS. This study investigated the role of CD43 in the induction and progression of EAE. Results demonstrate that CD43-deficient mice have reduced and delayed clinical and histological disease severity relative to CD43(+/+) mice. This reduction was characterized by decreased CD4(+) T cell infiltration of the CNS of CD43(-/-) mice but similar numbers of Ag-specific T cells in the periphery, suggesting a defect in T cell trafficking to the CNS. The absence of CD43 also affected cytokine production, …

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Cd43 Modulates Severity And Onset Of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis., Thandi M. Onami, M. L. Ford, A. Sperling, R. Ahmed, B. D. Evavold Dec 2003

Cd43 Modulates Severity And Onset Of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis., Thandi M. Onami, M. L. Ford, A. Sperling, R. Ahmed, B. D. Evavold

Thandi M. Onami

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model of multiple sclerosis characterized by infiltration of activated CD4(+) T lymphocytes into tissues of the CNS. This study investigated the role of CD43 in the induction and progression of EAE. Results demonstrate that CD43-deficient mice have reduced and delayed clinical and histological disease severity relative to CD43(+/+) mice. This reduction was characterized by decreased CD4(+) T cell infiltration of the CNS of CD43(-/-) mice but similar numbers of Ag-specific T cells in the periphery, suggesting a defect in T cell trafficking to the CNS. The absence of CD43 also affected cytokine production, …

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Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 2003, Zelpha B. Johnson, D. Wayne Kellogg Dec 2003

Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 2003, Zelpha B. Johnson, D. Wayne Kellogg

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The faculty and staff of the Animal Science Program are pleased to present the sixth edition of the Arkansas Animal Science Report. As with virtually all programs in the country, budget constraints presented serious challenges to teaching, research, and extension programming. However, the faculty and staff responded with innovation, good management, and hard work to maintain a productive program designed to benefit the students of the University and the citizens of the state. We are committed to remaining faithful to our Land-Grant mission. A sincere thank you is owed to Dr. Zelpha Johnson and Dr. Wayne Kellogg for editing this …

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Sheep Updates 2003 - Plenaries, Ashley Mercy, David Scobie, Neil Buchanan, Kevin Bell, John Milton, Graeme Martin, Bob Hall, Maurie Stephen, Rob Woodgate Aug 2003

Sheep Updates 2003 - Plenaries, Ashley Mercy, David Scobie, Neil Buchanan, Kevin Bell, John Milton, Graeme Martin, Bob Hall, Maurie Stephen, Rob Woodgate

Sheep Updates

This session covers eight papers from different authors:1. Biosecurity in the sheep industry will improve production and profits Ashley Mercy, Department of Agriculture, Western Australia 2. Easy care sheep David Scobie, AgResearch, PO Box 60 Lincoln, 8152, New Zealand 3. Targeting the market’s requirements - live sheep exports Neil Buchanan, Manager Animal Health Operations, Primary Industries & Resources, South Australia 4. Setting flock breeding objectives Kevin Bell, Sheep Management and Production Consultants, Kojonup WA 5. Future feeding of sheep in Western Australia John Milton and Graeme Martin, The University of Western Australia 6. Recipe for getting back into Sheep Bob …

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Sheep Updates 2003 - Husbandry, Paul Barrett, Kevin Bell, J Greeff, L. Butler, S. Brown, K. Hart, A. Gray, John Karlsson, Paula Coombe, Ron Mctarrart, David Scobie, Sandy White Aug 2003

Sheep Updates 2003 - Husbandry, Paul Barrett, Kevin Bell, J Greeff, L. Butler, S. Brown, K. Hart, A. Gray, John Karlsson, Paula Coombe, Ron Mctarrart, David Scobie, Sandy White

Sheep Updates

This session covers seven papers from different authors:1. Setting up a successful, low input feedlot Paul Barrett, ‘Bimberdong’ Jerramungup 2. Effective mineral supplementation of sheep Kevin Bell, Sheep Management and Production Consultants, Kojonup, WA 3. Genetic benchmarking for WA sheep producers J. Greeff, L. Butler, S. Brown, K. Hart and A. Gray Department of Agriculture Western Australia 4. Does selecting sheep for low WEC reduce scouring? John Karlsson, Johan Greeff and Paula Coombe, Department of Agriculture Western Australia 5. Summer quarters for sheep - stubbles Ron McTaggart, Department of Agriculture Western Australia, Albany 6. Thinking about breeding Easy Care Sheep? …

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Potential Mechanisms Explaining The Antitumor Effect Of Total-Body Irradiation, Glen Michael Miller Jun 2003

Potential Mechanisms Explaining The Antitumor Effect Of Total-Body Irradiation, Glen Michael Miller

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

While numerous reports have documented that radiation exposure increases the risk for malignancy and suppresses immune mechanisms, increasing evidence has suggested that low-dose total-body irradiation (TBI) may alter leukocyte composition and function leading to heightened immune responsiveness and long-term remission of certain cancers. Having observed that moderate-dose TBI produces an antitumor effect in the Lewis lung carcinoma (EEC) model, the major goal of this study was to determine whether changes in tumor growth could be correlated with radiation-induced alterations of immune system parameters. The governing hypothesis was that selective immune augmentation, i.e. upregulation of specific leukocyte subsets, is primarily responsible …

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Photodynamic Therapy, Ashley Thomas May 2003

Photodynamic Therapy, Ashley Thomas

McCabe Thesis Collection

Photodynamic therapy is a new treatment that is being introduced into the veterinary community. Photodynamic therapy is the use of light activated chemotherapy to kill cancer cells (Dougherty, 1998). It has already been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to be used as a form of cancer treatment in humans, but has not been carried over to the veterinary community. That is until now. Photodynamic therapy is now being tested in the veterinary community in hopes to find the same results that the human medical community has when dealing with certain types of cancer. They also hope to …

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The Ecological Ramifications Of Disease And Density In The Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus Argus, Donald C. Behringer Jr. Apr 2003

The Ecological Ramifications Of Disease And Density In The Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus Argus, Donald C. Behringer Jr.

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

In 1999, I discovered the first virus known to be pathogenic to any species of lobster. HLV-PA is a pathogenic herpes-like virus that infects juvenile Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, in the waters off south Florida (USA), and it alters the behavior and ecology of this species in fundamental ways. Gross signs of HLV-PA infection are lethargy, morbidity, cessation of molting, and discolored, “milky” hemolymph that does not clot. HLV-PA infects the hemocytes of host lobsters, specifically the hyalinocytes and semi-granulocytes, but not the granulocytes. When hemolymph from infected donors was injected into healthy juvenile lobsters, 90% of the …

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The Short-Term Effects Of Grade 1 And 2 Joint Mobilizations On Subject Pain Range Of Motion And Muscle Activity In The Pathological Lumbar Spine, Sean Hanrahan Apr 2003

The Short-Term Effects Of Grade 1 And 2 Joint Mobilizations On Subject Pain Range Of Motion And Muscle Activity In The Pathological Lumbar Spine, Sean Hanrahan

Human Movement Sciences & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the short-term effects of Grades 1 and 2 posteroanterior joint mobilizations (JM) at the pathological lumbar spine on subject pain, range of motion (ROM), and muscle force. All subjects were determined to have sustained mechanical dysfunction of the lumbar spine of less than 48 hours as assessed through a standardized evaluation. Subjects were randomly assigned to a group; the control group received ice and stretching while the experimental group received JM in addition to ice and stretching. The JM's were performed at 3 consecutive lumbar segments surrounding the area of greatest discomfort. …

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Primary And Secondary Immunocompetence In Mixed Allogeneic Chimeras, Thandi M. Onami, M. A. Williams, A. B. Adams, M. B. Walsh, N. Shirasugi, T. C. Pearson, R. Ahmed, C. P. Larsen Mar 2003

Primary And Secondary Immunocompetence In Mixed Allogeneic Chimeras, Thandi M. Onami, M. A. Williams, A. B. Adams, M. B. Walsh, N. Shirasugi, T. C. Pearson, R. Ahmed, C. P. Larsen

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

Targeted disruption of T cell costimulatory pathways, particularly CD28 and CD40, has allowed for the development of minimally myeloablative strategies for the induction of mixed allogeneic chimerism and donor-specific tolerance across full MHC barriers. In this study we analyze in depth the ability of mixed allogeneic chimeras in two strain combinations to mount effective host-restricted and donor-restricted antiviral CD4 and CD8 responses, as well as the impact of development of mixed chimerism on the maintenance of pre-existing memory populations. While antiviral CD8 responses in mixed chimeras following acute viral infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong or vaccinia virus are largely …

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Primary And Secondary Immunocompetence In Mixed Allogeneic Chimeras, Thandi M. Onami, M. A. Williams, A. B. Adams, M. B. Walsh, N. Shirasugi, T. C. Pearson, R. Ahmed, C. P. Larsen Mar 2003

Primary And Secondary Immunocompetence In Mixed Allogeneic Chimeras, Thandi M. Onami, M. A. Williams, A. B. Adams, M. B. Walsh, N. Shirasugi, T. C. Pearson, R. Ahmed, C. P. Larsen

Thandi M. Onami

Targeted disruption of T cell costimulatory pathways, particularly CD28 and CD40, has allowed for the development of minimally myeloablative strategies for the induction of mixed allogeneic chimerism and donor-specific tolerance across full MHC barriers. In this study we analyze in depth the ability of mixed allogeneic chimeras in two strain combinations to mount effective host-restricted and donor-restricted antiviral CD4 and CD8 responses, as well as the impact of development of mixed chimerism on the maintenance of pre-existing memory populations. While antiviral CD8 responses in mixed chimeras following acute viral infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong or vaccinia virus are largely …

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Comparison Of Methods For Dna Isolation From Food Samples For Detection Of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli By Real-Time Pcr, Loree C. Heller, Carisa R. Davis, K. Kealy Peak, David Wingfield, Andrew C. Cannons, Philip T. Amuso, Jacqueline Cattani Mar 2003

Comparison Of Methods For Dna Isolation From Food Samples For Detection Of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli By Real-Time Pcr, Loree C. Heller, Carisa R. Davis, K. Kealy Peak, David Wingfield, Andrew C. Cannons, Philip T. Amuso, Jacqueline Cattani

Bioelectrics Publications

In this study, food samples were intentionally contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, and then DNA was isolated by using four commercial kits. The isolated DNA samples were compared by using real-time PCR detection of the Shiga toxin genes. The four kits tested worked similarly.

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Enterobius Vermicularis: Ancient Dna From North And South American Human Coprolites, Alena M. Iñiguez, Karl J. Reinhard, Adauto Araújo, Luiz F. Ferreira, Ana Carolina P. Vicente Feb 2003

Enterobius Vermicularis: Ancient Dna From North And South American Human Coprolites, Alena M. Iñiguez, Karl J. Reinhard, Adauto Araújo, Luiz F. Ferreira, Ana Carolina P. Vicente

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

A molecular paleoparasitological diagnostic approach was developed for Enterobius vermicularis. Ancient DNA was extracted from 27 coprolites from archaeological sites in Chile and USA. Enzymatic amplification of human mtDNA sequences confirmed the human origin. We designed primers specific to the E. vermicularis 5S ribosomal RNA spacer region and they allowed reproducible polymerase chain reaction identification of ancient material. We suggested that the paleoparasitological microscopic identification could accompany molecular diagnosis, which also opens the possibility of sequence analysis to understand parasite-host evolution.

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Meiotic And Mitotic Phenotypes Conferred By The Blm1-1 Mutation In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae And Msh4 Suppression Of The Bleomycin Hypersusceptibility, Georgia Anyatonwu, Ediberto Garcia, Ajay Pramanik, Marie Powell, Carol Wood Moore Jan 2003

Meiotic And Mitotic Phenotypes Conferred By The Blm1-1 Mutation In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae And Msh4 Suppression Of The Bleomycin Hypersusceptibility, Georgia Anyatonwu, Ediberto Garcia, Ajay Pramanik, Marie Powell, Carol Wood Moore

Publications and Research

Oxidative damage can lead to a number of diseases, and can be fatal. The blm1-1 mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae confers hypersusceptibility to lethal effects of the oxidative, anticancer and antifungal agent, bleomycin. For the current report, additional defects conferred by the mutation in meiosis and mitosis were investigated. The viability of spores produced during meiosis by homozygous normal BLM1/BLM1, heterozygous BLM1/blm1-1, and homozygous mutant blm1-1/blm1-1 diploid strains was studied and compared. Approximately 88% of the tetrads derived from homozygous blm1-1/blm1-1 mutant diploid cells only produced one or two viable spores. In contrast, just one tetrad among all BLM1/BLM1 and BLM1/blm1-1 …

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Tcr Signal Transduction In Antigen-Specific Memory Cd8 T Cells, Thandi M. Onami, Ellen N. Kersh, Susan M. Kaech, Miriana Moran, E. John Wherry, M. Carrie Miceli, Rafi Ahmed Jan 2003

Tcr Signal Transduction In Antigen-Specific Memory Cd8 T Cells, Thandi M. Onami, Ellen N. Kersh, Susan M. Kaech, Miriana Moran, E. John Wherry, M. Carrie Miceli, Rafi Ahmed

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

Memory T cells are more responsive to Ag than naive cells. To determine whether memory T cells also have more efficient TCR signaling, we compared naive, effector, and memory CD8 T cells of the same antigenic specificity. Surprisingly, initial CD3 signaling events are indistinguishable. However, memory T cells have more extensive lipid rafts with higher phosphoprotein content before TCR engagement. Upon activation in vivo, they more efficiently induce phosphorylation of-LAT (linker for activation of T cells), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), and p38. Thus, memory CD8 T cells do not increase their TCR sensitivity, but are better …

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Tcr Signal Transduction In Antigen-Specific Memory Cd8 T Cells, Thandi M. Onami, Ellen N. Kersh, Susan M. Kaech, Miriana Moran, E. John Wherry, M. Carrie Miceli, Rafi Ahmed Jan 2003

Tcr Signal Transduction In Antigen-Specific Memory Cd8 T Cells, Thandi M. Onami, Ellen N. Kersh, Susan M. Kaech, Miriana Moran, E. John Wherry, M. Carrie Miceli, Rafi Ahmed

Thandi M. Onami

Memory T cells are more responsive to Ag than naive cells. To determine whether memory T cells also have more efficient TCR signaling, we compared naive, effector, and memory CD8 T cells of the same antigenic specificity. Surprisingly, initial CD3 signaling events are indistinguishable. However, memory T cells have more extensive lipid rafts with higher phosphoprotein content before TCR engagement. Upon activation in vivo, they more efficiently induce phosphorylation of-LAT (linker for activation of T cells), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), and p38. Thus, memory CD8 T cells do not increase their TCR sensitivity, but are better …

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Experimental Channel Catfish Virus Infection Mimics Natural Infection Of Channel Catfish, Robin L. Stingley, Wayne L. Gray, Billy R. Griffin, Reid Landes Jan 2003

Experimental Channel Catfish Virus Infection Mimics Natural Infection Of Channel Catfish, Robin L. Stingley, Wayne L. Gray, Billy R. Griffin, Reid Landes

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Channel catfish virus (CCV) causes a severe hemorrhagic disease in channel catfish fry and fingerlings. CCV epizootics are associated with elevated water temperatures and high mortality rates. Survivors of acute disease are latently infected with i virus. In this study, we investigated conditions effecting CCV pathogenesis and latency utilizing an experimental immersion model to simulate natural infection and a population of Arkansas catfish verified to have no prior CCV exposure, the results indicate that the Auburn- 1 laboratory strain is comparable to CCV field isolates in virulence and ability to establish latent infection. The study confirms that water temperature and …

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Regulation Of Proto-Oncogenes Expression In Developmental Epilepsy, Mahnoush Shafiei Jan 2003

Regulation Of Proto-Oncogenes Expression In Developmental Epilepsy, Mahnoush Shafiei

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Seizures cause selective neuronal cell loss in vulnerable regions such as the hippocampus, cortex, thalamus or substantia nigra (SN) in human or experimental animals. While the HF can propagate seizures, the SN pars reticulata (SNR) regulates the spread ol seizures in an age-dependent fashion, and the pars compacta (SNC) affects extrapyramidal motor control. In mature animals, both structures are wlnerable to seizure-induced damage. In prepubescent rats, seizure susceptibility is reduced and CA 1 region rs primarily affected. The proto-oncogenes, Bcl-2 and Bax, encode specific proteins that inhibit and promote programmed cell death, respectively. In order to determine whether proto-oncogenes are …

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The Effects Of Classic And Variant Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses On Lymphocyte Populations In Specific-Pathogen-Free White Leghorn Chickens, Christina L. Johnson, Ashley K. Cox, April D. Keeter, Will J. Quinn, Gisela F. Erf, Lisa A. Newberry Jan 2003

The Effects Of Classic And Variant Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses On Lymphocyte Populations In Specific-Pathogen-Free White Leghorn Chickens, Christina L. Johnson, Ashley K. Cox, April D. Keeter, Will J. Quinn, Gisela F. Erf, Lisa A. Newberry

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a pathogen that primarily infects B lymphocytes in domestic avian species. This viral infection has been associated with immunosuppression, clinical disease/mortality, and enteric malabsorption effects. The purpose of this experiment was to compare the effects of a classic (USDA-STC) and a new variant IBDV (RB-4, known to induce primarily the enteric disease) on immune cell populations in lymphoid organs. Seventeen-dayold specific-pathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorn chickens were either not infected (control) or inoculated with either USDA-STC or RB-4 IBD viral isolate. On days 3 and 5 post-inoculation (PI), lymphoid tissues were collected to prepare cell …

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