Life Sciences Commons^™

Small-Animal Models Of Zika Virus, Justin G. Julander, Venkatraman Siddharthan

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can result in serious consequences, including severe congenital manifestations, persistent infection in the testes and neurologic sequelae. After a pandemic emergence, the virus has spread to much of the new world and has been introduced to many countries outside of endemic areas as infected travelers return to their home countries. Rodent models have been important in gaining a better understanding of the wide range of disease etiologies associated with ZIKV infection and for the initial phase of developing countermeasures to prevent or treat viral infections. We discuss herein the advantages and disadvantages of small animal models …

Clinical And Subclinical Mastitis Causing Pathogens In Tennessee Dairy Cattle, Michelle Marie Untch

EURēCA: Exhibition of Undergraduate Research and Creative Achievement

Milk quality impacts the producers and consumers. Higher milk quality leads to a longer shelf life, improved cheese making ability, and improved taste. Milk quality can be severely impacted by intramammary infections which can result in mastitis. Identifying the common mastitis causing pathogens in milk samples collected from subclinical and clinical mastitis cases can assist the producer in managing mastitis. This can lead to improved milk quality, improved cow health, and reduced need for antibiotics to treat mastitis. This study investigates the prevalence of bacteria causing intramammary infection in dairy cattle of Tennessee. Milk samples were collected from 9 farms …

Methane From Lactating Dairy Cattle: Studies For Mitigation, Diurnal Variation, And Role In Energy Metabolism, Jared Vern Judy

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Reducing methane production in dairy cattle has received an increased interest due to environmental concerns associated with its potency as a greenhouse gas. Methane represents lost energy in cattle and reduction may increase animal efficiency and productivity. Experiment 1 evaluated strategies of mitigating methane production in lactating dairy cattle with inclusion of dried distillers grains and solubles (DDGS), DDGS with added corn oil, and DDGS with added calcium sulfate and effects on energy and nitrogen balance. Inclusion of DDGS, corn oil, and calcium sulfate, increased DMI and milk yield. Methane production was reduced with addition of corn oil …

Development Of An Animal Model For Enterovirus For Evaluation D68 For Screening Of Antiviral Therapies, W. Joseph Evans

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) virus has become more prevalent over the last 15 to 20 years. EV-D68 attacks the respiratory system and can cause severe disease in individuals who have underlying respiratory problems. There have also been reports of individuals with EV-D68 showing signs of neurological system problems and acute flaccid paralysis. Because of the increase in patients with EV-D68 and also the potential for neurological disease, an animal model is needed to study the disease and to evaluate experimental therapies for EV-D68 infection.

To develop the animal model, 4-week old AG129 mice that lack alpha and beta interferon receptors, making …

Evaluating The Impact Of Two Contrasting Tillage Practices On Soil Properties In Central Kentucky, Emily Cook

Posters-at-the-Capitol

Farming practices such as no tillage and plowing can institute change on soil physical and chemical characteristics. In this research, the effects of long-term conventional and no-tillage systems on the selected soil properties were determined in a continuous corn system on a farm with Maury silt loam soil. These samples were taken from University of Kentucky's Research Farm (Spindletop Farm). The field used was tilled in 1969 from bluegrass sod and the first time research was conduced was in 1970. Each plot is 20 ft. by 40 ft. and for many years each plot was split with winter cover crop …

An Optimal Milk Production Model Selection And Configuration System For Dairy Cows, Fan Zhang

PhDs

Milk production forecasting in the dairy industry has been an independent research topic since the early 20th century. The accurate prediction of milk yield can benefit both the processor (creameries) and the producer (dairy farmer) through developing short-term production schedules, planning long-term road maps, facilitating trade and investment in the dairy industry, improving business operations, optimising the existing infrastructure of the dairy industry, and reducing operating costs. Additionally, due to the innate characteristics of the milk production process, the accurate prediction of milk yield has been a challenging issue in the dairy industry. With the abolishment of EU milk quotas …

Cattle Industry Funding Scheme Annual Report 2016/2017, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity published reports

In June 2010 the Cattle Industry Funding Scheme (IFS) was introduced to address biosecurity threats relevant to the Western Australian (WA) cattle industry. The Scheme was established under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 to enable cattle producers to identify the pest and disease priorities at a whole-of-industry level and to raise funds for activities to address these priorities.

There are currently three Industry Funding Schemes in operation. In addition to the Cattle IFS, there is a Sheep and Goat IFS and a Grains, Seeds and Hay IFS. The three IFSs operate in a similar manner.

The purpose of …

Is Tb Testing Associated With Increased Blood Interferon-Gamma Levels?, Aideen E. Kennedy, Jim O'Mahony, Noel Byrne, John Macsharry, Riona G. Sayers

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

The Republic of Ireland reports a relatively low prevalence of Johne’s disease (JD) compared to international counterparts. Postulated reasons for this include a lower average herd size and a grass-based production system. Ireland also engages in high levels of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) testing. As interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is believed to play a key role in protecting against JD, it is our hypothesis that administration of purified protein derivative (PPD), as part of the bTB test, is associated with a systemic increase in IFN-γ production, which may potentially limit clinical progression of the disease. We studied 265 cows (202 Friesian and 63 …

Symptoms And Causes Of Foamy Bloat In Cattle, Zachary Christman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The bovine stomach normally produces gases such as ammonia, carbon dioxide and methane. However when these gases become trapped in the bovine stomach because of a thick, frothy or foamy liquid it is called bloat. Cattle bloat is a very old condition and goes by many names but is primarily trapped gas within the bovine stomach. Readily digested feedstuff such as highly processed grain diets or an overabundance of fresh immature alfalfa often leads to a vast amount of small particles and carbohydrates in the rumen; this is the major cause of foamy bloat. Severe bloat causes death by suffocation …

Effect Of Fat And Fiber On Methane Production And Energy Utilization In Lactating Dairy Cows, Olivia Rose Drehmel

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Due to rising concerns of greenhouse gases and that ruminants are the largest livestock methane producers, an emphasis has been put on developing methane mitigation strategies to reduce methane emissions in ruminants. Other than reducing methane, maximizing the energy utilization of cattle is also important for producer’s overall productivity and profitability.

In the first experiment, fat or cellulose was added to fiber isolated from dried distiller’s grains and solubles. Isolated NDF residue from an in vitro setting was fermented 1) alone (control); 2) with feed grade corn oil at 20%; or 3) with cellulose powder microcrystalline at 20% using the …

The Effects Of Supplemental Rup In Corn Silage Growing Diets And Rup Digestibility Of Corn Silage, The Utilization Of Aggressive Implant Protocols, And The Effect Of Inoculate On Corn Silage And High Moisture Corn, Colton R. Oney

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Three experiments evaluated the effect of implant strategies on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of crossbred steers and Holstein steers. Final BW, ADG, and G:F were not different between implant strategies in Exp. 1 and 2. The utilization of more aggressive implant strategies has minimal impact on both feedlot and carcass performance of cross breed steers.

Four experiments evaluated the effects of supplemental RUP in corn silage growing diets and RUP content and RUP digestibility of corn silage. Exp. 1, supplemented five concentrations of RUP to growing calves consuming a corn silage diet. As supplemental RUP increased ADG and ending …

Data On The Effect Of In Utero Exposure To Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons On Genome-Wide Patterns Of Dna Methylation In Lung Tissues, Trevor J. Fish, Abby D. Benninghoff

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Data in this article depict patterns of methylation in lung tissues obtained from the offspring of B6129SF1/J dams and 129S1/SvImJ sires exposed in utero to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC) as compared to non-exposed offspring. Genome-wide methylation of lung tumors in adult offspring was determined using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) with the NimbleGen mouse DNA methylation CpG island array. This data article refers to the research article “DNA methylation in lung tissues of mouse offspring exposed in utero to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,” in which comprehensive data interpretation and analysis are provided.

Cost Of Feed Per Pound Of Gain In Cal Poly's Dairy Calves, Kayle Anna Phelan

Agricultural Education and Communication

California is ranked one of the top five states in the United States for dairy production. It produces approximately 40 billion pounds of milk per year for US production. California’s dairy industry is not only the largest milk producer in the nation, but it is also the most financially prominent in the agricultural industry. This industry lead is purely because of its careful management practices. The way calves are raised depend on the resources used, the natural environment present, and the operation of the dairy farm. Essentially, there are numerous ways to care for a cow and calf. However, the …

J. C. Penney: The Man, The Store And American Agriculture, David Delbert Kruger

David Delbert Kruger

Serum Biochemistry Panels In African Buffalo: Defining Reference Intervals And Assessing Variability Across Season, Age And Sex, Johanna Rigas, Claire E. Couch, Morgan A. Movius, Anna E. Jolles, M Elena Gorman, Brianna R. Beechler

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Serum biochemical parameters can be utilized to evaluate the physiological status of an animal, and relate it to the animal’s health. In order to accurately interpret individual animal biochemical results, species-specific reference intervals (RI) must be established. Reference intervals for biochemical parameters differ between species, and physiological differences including reproductive status, nutritional resource availability, disease status, and age affect parameters within the same species. The objectives of this study were to (1) establish RI for biochemical parameters in managed African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), (2) assess the effects of age, sex, pregnancy, and season on serum biochemistry values, and (3) compare …

Relationship Of Observed Parlor Practices And Producer Attitudes With Bulk Tank Somatic Cell Counts In The Southeast Usa, Chandler Lauren Moats Blakely

Masters Theses

Inflammation of the mammary gland is indicated by a rise in somatic cell count (SCC) and impacts milk quality. The Southeast (SE) USA has a higher proportion of herds with elevated SCC compared to other USA regions. The SE also has the least information available about parlor procedures. The goals of this thesis are to explore the level of implementation of parlor procedures, determine which practices promote low SCC in Southeast USA dairy herds and investigate the association of attitude towards parlor management methods with BTSCC.

In chapter I, researchers performed on-farm assessments in Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia. The …

Elaboración De Un Modelo Matemático Para La Producción De Metano En Vacas Del Trópico Colombiano, Daniella Cristina Heredia Castañeda

Zootecnia

Las producciones ganaderas tienen un impacto en el cambio climático debido a la producción de gases con efecto invernadero, produciendo dióxido de carbono (CO2), metano (CH4) y óxido nitroso (N2O). La producción de metano es el segundo más importante debido a su larga permanencia en la atmosfera, este gas se produce debido a la fermentación de los alimentos en el rumen y es liberado a la atmosfera mediante eructos y el estiércol. Existen diferentes factores que afectan la producción de metano como es el sistema de manejo que se lleve a cabo, la nutrición del animal, la raza y el …

Identifying Genome Associations With Unique Mastitis Phenotypes In Response To Intramammary Streptococcus Uberis Challenge, Lydia Jean Siebert

Doctoral Dissertations

Mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland, dramatically decreases dairy industry revenues and milk quality, making improved control and prevention methods a goal of the industry. Prior research has observed variation in response to experimental challenge with regards to inflammation indicators, S. uberis concentrations, and the need for antibiotics. To determine possible causes of the observed variation following experimental S. uberis intramammary challenge, we performed genome association analyses (N = 34 – 36 Holstein dairy cows), a linkage analysis, and S. uberis milk inoculation (N = 21 Holstein dairy cows) trials. Association analyses were done using Illumina’s BovineSNP50 BeadChip and …

Nitrogen Excretion Of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed An Alfalfa Hay- Or Birdsfoot Trefoil Hay-Based High-Forage Diet, Mohammad Ghelich Khan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Legumes that contain condensed tannins (CT) may have lower protein degradability than alfalfa. The present study investigated the effects of feeding birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) hay on lactation performance and N utilization. Eight multiparous Holstein cows in mid lactation (150 ± 22.3 d-in-milk) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 rations [alfalfa hay-based TMR (AHT) or birdsfoot trefoil hay-based TMR (BFTT)] in a crossover design with 2 experimental periods. Each experimental period lasted 16 d (14 d of adaptation and 2 d of total collection), and the 2 experimental periods were separated by a 7-d washout period. In the …

Dairy Digest 2017, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

Extension Education Symposium: Getting The Most Out Of Your Extension Appointment And Still Having A Life, W. Powers, Noelle E. Cockett, Gregory P. Lardy

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Managing the demands of an academic appointment in extension can be a challenging task. Demands from constituent groups, expectations of supervisors, and rigors of promotion and tenure processes can create pressures that young faculty did not expect. Throw in spousal and family duties and you have created a situation that many will find hard to navigate. However, there are ways to cope and, even better news, there are ways to excel in meeting the demands of an academic appointment and enjoying life. Because many new extension faculty members do not have prior experience in extension, best practices in documenting programs …

Consumer Sensory Evaluation And Chemical Composition Of Beef Gluteus Medius And Triceps Brachii Steaks From Cattle Finished On Forage Or Concentrate Diets, A. Chail, Jerrad F. Legako, L. R. Pitcher, Robert E. Ward, Silvana Martini, Jennifer W. Macadam

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of cattle finishing diet and muscle type on meat quality. Consumer sensory response, proximate composition, Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF), fatty acid composition, and volatile compounds were assessed from the gluteus medius (GM) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles of cattle (n = 6 per diet) which were grain-finished (USUGrain) on conventional feedlot or 2 forage diets, a perennial legume, birdsfoot trefoil-fin-ished (USUBFT; Lotus corniculatus), and grass-finished (USUGrass; Bromus riparius). Diet had an interacting effect with muscle for all sensory attributes (P ≤ 0.002), except aroma and flavor (P ≥ 0.078). In …

Estimation Of The Trichomonad Concentration In Beef Bull Preputial Samples And Resultant Population Effect Of Pooling On Detection Of Tritrichomonas Foetus Using Qpcr, David J. Wilson, Thomas J. Baldwin, Amanda Wilhelm, Chelsea H. Whitehouse, Jennifer L. Bunnell, Kerry A. Rood, Arnaud Van Wettere

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

The primary objective was assessment of effect of sample pooling on Tritrichomonas foetus detection using qPCR in beef bulls within 5 logs of trichomonad concentration in spiked preputial samples. The secondary objective was to use qPCR Ct values to estimate the percentage of beef bulls in the field population within each log of trichomonad concentration. Solutions containing none, 1,10,100,1000 and 10,000 trichomonads (T)/ml were made and tested by qPCR. Test sensitivities for single positive samples were: 1 T/ml, 20/40 (50%); 10 T/ml, 40/40 (100%); 100 T/ml, 40/40 (100%); 1000 T/ml, 40/40 (100%); 10,000 T/ml, 40/40 (100%). For 5-sample pools (1 …

Revised Alfalfa Fertilizer Recommendations For A Changing Environment Greatly Improves Profitability, Brian Lang, John E. Sawyer, Daniel Barker, Ken Pecinovsky

John E. Sawyer

During the last decade, an ever-increasing percentage of alfalfa fields in northeast Iowa have been exhibiting signs of reduced growth and vigor, resulting in declining profitability. Iowa State University Extension in northeast Iowa initiated an investigation into this problem. Sixteen research trials conducted in northeast Iowa over the next 6 years as both on-farm trials and at the northeast ISU research farm uncovered widespread sulfur deficiency problems in alfalfa production. Over 90 ISU Extension educational meetings in northeast Iowa, and extensive use of the media, communicated this issue and tools to address it to farmers and agricultural providers. Survey results …

Modeling Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection In Golden Syrian Hamsters: Importance Of Stat2 In Preventing Disease And Effective Treatment With Favipiravir, Brian B. Gowen, Jonna B. Westover, Jinxin Miao, Arnaud J. Van Wettere, Johanna D. Rigas, Brady T. Hickerson, Kie-Hoon Jung, Rong Li, Bettina L. Conrad, Skot Nielson, Yousuke Furuta, Zhongde Wang

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease endemic in parts of Asia. The etiologic agent, SFTS virus (SFTSV; family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus) has caused significant morbidity and mortality in China, South Korea, and Japan, with key features of disease being intense fever, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Case fatality rates are estimated to be in the 30% range, and no antivirals or vaccines are approved for use for treatment and prevention of SFTS. There is evidence that in human cells, SFTSV sequesters STAT proteins in replication complexes, thereby inhibiting type I interferon signaling. Here, we demonstrate …

Influencia De Los Fenómenos Climáticos Sobre La Producción Y Calidad Composicional De La Leche En Sistemas De Producción Lechero En Colombia, Andrea Fernanda Gomez Pataquiva

Zootecnia

El propósito del proyecto de investigación era observar y analizar, la influencia del comportamiento climático en la calidad y producción de leche, en sistemas de lechería especializada en el departamento de Antioquia. Se recolectaron datos de producción y calidad composicional de leche en ocho hatos, de cinco municipios. Se determino el efecto de la temperatura máxima, precipitación y índice de temperatura de humedad (ITH), sobre la producción diaria, porcentaje de grasa, proteína y sólidos totales de la leche. Se utiliza estadística descriptiva en el análisis de los datos, mediante el programa SAS®. El análisis y la discusión de los resultados, …

Net Zero Energy Dairy Production: Powering Minnesota Dairy Farms With Renewable Energy, Mckenzie Dice

Honors Capstone Projects

The goal of this project was to determine if the West Central Research and Outreach Center (WCROC) dairy production could achieve a net zero energy status, meaning that the dairy operation uses as much as energy on-site as the amount of energy that is produced on-site for the dairy operation. There are several ways to accomplish this goal, principally through energy conservation, by means of installing more energy efficient technologies, as well as the installation of on-site renewable energy. At the WCROC dairy, a new utility room has been installed to introduce energy efficient technologies to the dairy operation, as …

Jackrabbit Dairy & Food Review, Vikram V. Mistry

The Jackrabbit Dairy & Food Review

No abstract provided.

Differences In Behavioral And Physiological Variables Measured With Precision Dairy Monitoring Technologies Associated With Postpartum Diseases, I Ching Tsai

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The transition period is defined as the three weeks before and three weeks after the cow calves. Transition cow diseases are considered production diseases. Precision dairy monitoring (PDM) technologies measure physiological, behavioral, and production indicators on individual animals to improve management strategies and farm performance. The objective of the first study was to assess how hypocalcemia, hyperketonemia, and metritis affected variables measured by PDM technologies. The objective of the second study was to use variables from multiple commercially available PDM to examine alert performance generated from different analyses.

Precision Dairy Farming Technology Solutions For Detecting Dairy Cow Disease To Improve Dairy Cow Well-Being, Amanda Stone

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Dairy cow health is multifactorial and complex. High producing dairy cows have been described as metabolic athletes, but metabolic and infectious diseases around calving affect many cows. These diseases have drastic negative effects on dairy cow well-being, milk production, and dairy farm economics. Early disease detection could potentially improve disease management, treatment, and future prevention techniques. The first objective of this research was to evaluate the use of activity, lying behavior, reticulorumen temperature, and rumination time determined by precision dairy farming technologies to detect transition cow diseases including hypocalcemia, ketosis, and metritis. The second objective was to evaluate the ability …