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Articles 31 - 60 of 64
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Use Of Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry For The Structural Elucidation Of Progressively Larger Nucleic Acids, Jennifer Lynn Lippens
The Use Of Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry For The Structural Elucidation Of Progressively Larger Nucleic Acids, Jennifer Lynn Lippens
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The biomedical community and pharmaceutical industry have come to rely in ever
Fine Particulate Air Pollution In Saudi Arabia : Implications For Cardiopulmonary Morbidity, Shedrack Rujooga Nayebare
Fine Particulate Air Pollution In Saudi Arabia : Implications For Cardiopulmonary Morbidity, Shedrack Rujooga Nayebare
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Fine particulate (PM2.5) air pollution is a major issue in Saudi Arabia. Though the health effects of exposure to PM2.5 have been extensively studied in developed countries of Europe and North America, this research is yet to be done in developing countries of Africa, some parts of Asia and the Middle East including Saudi Arabia. This is the first comprehensive assessment of PM2.5 air pollution in Saudi Arabia describing the major emission sources as well as assessing the association of daily exposures to PM2.5 and its chemical constituents with cardiopulmonary morbidity.
An Investigation Of The Uptake, Distribution, And Accumulation Of Lead And Other Trace Elements In Caprine Brain Tissues Using Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Amy Joanna Steuerwald
An Investigation Of The Uptake, Distribution, And Accumulation Of Lead And Other Trace Elements In Caprine Brain Tissues Using Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Amy Joanna Steuerwald
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Exposure to toxic elements and dysregulation of essential elements have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the importance of trace elements in neurological function, little is known regarding their uptake and distribution within brain tissues. Even less is known regarding the impact of toxic metal exposure (i.e., Pb) on endogenous metals within the brain.
The Chemistry Of New Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds And The Molecular Basis Of Olfaction, Berenice Dethier
The Chemistry Of New Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds And The Molecular Basis Of Olfaction, Berenice Dethier
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Garlic is a very popular condiment that has been used around the world for centuries. It is also a source of a remarkably extensive range of organosulfur compounds, whose chemistry is the focus of this thesis. The central reaction in formation of these compounds is the enzymatic cleavage of alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxides by alliinases, which leads to sulfenic acids. The latter can then undergo condensation and rearrangement into various organosulfur compounds. Three aspects of the chemistry of garlic have been investigated in this thesis.
An Investigation Of Alkaline Earth And Rare Earth Elements In Human Bone Following Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition, Aubrey L. Galusha
An Investigation Of Alkaline Earth And Rare Earth Elements In Human Bone Following Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition, Aubrey L. Galusha
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This investigation focused on a unique collection of archived human bones obtained post-mortem from 7 patients, who had received long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) for up to 21 years. Parenterals are administered intravenously as a nutritional supplement, and may be contaminated with metals, which are completely absorbed into the blood compartment. Some metal contaminants may be deposited in the body’s reservoir for inorganic elements – bone.
Structure And Stability Of Amyloid Fibrils Studied By Advanced Vibrational Spectroscopy, Marudachalam Shanmugasundaram
Structure And Stability Of Amyloid Fibrils Studied By Advanced Vibrational Spectroscopy, Marudachalam Shanmugasundaram
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Protein misfolding often leads to the formation of refractory protein aggregates like amyloid fibrils. These fibrils possess a highly ordered structure and are implicated in over 25 severe diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and prion diseases. This work was focused on understanding the morphology and conformation of amyloid fibrils and their stability after formation. The deconstruction of fibrils as well as other aggregates like inclusion bodies under mild conditions was also investigated using Archaeal chaperones.
Novel Nmr Based Technologies To Study Macromolecular Structures, Subhabrata Majumder
Novel Nmr Based Technologies To Study Macromolecular Structures, Subhabrata Majumder
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) is one of the principle tools in structural biology to probe macromolecular structures and interactions. The atomic resolution afforded by this technique has been widely used to probe protein-protein, and protein-ligand interactions in-vitro. However, the natural milieu of the proteins is the living cell and the cellular cytoplasm is extremely heterogeneous. The NMR studies of folded protein in-cell, till now, have been limited by non-specific interactions of the cytosol. This thesis outlays a general methodology to study protein structure/interactions inside the living cells using NMR. In a closely related objective, it also describes the use …
Characterization Of Metallic And Semimetallic Oxide Nanoparticles In Industrial Wastewater And Associated Toxicity, Gary Roth
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) play an increasing role in manufacturing and consumer products. Currently, there is no standard approach to studying ENM toxicity, and a growing body of literature suggests that ENMs may have toxicity differing from similar compounds in bulk or dissolved form. I examined ENMs used in the semiconductor manufacturing process called chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) for their properties, removal in the wastewater treatment system (WWT), in-vitro toxicity, and location post-inhalation in-vivo. It was found that ENMs in CMP slurries have morphology determined by their elemental composition, but assessment of size and concentration can differ substantially between accepted techniques. Particles …
Monitoring Ligand-Induced Nucleic Acid Conformational Changes Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry, Bill Kenneth Redick
Monitoring Ligand-Induced Nucleic Acid Conformational Changes Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry, Bill Kenneth Redick
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Three-dimensional structures of biopolymers frequently dictate the biological role those molecules play. As such, investigation into structure of nucleic acids can provide important information pertaining to how those nucleic acids work. Many nucleic acid species, especially single-stranded RNA, fold into unique structures that allow them to function properly. Metals, and other cationic species, are often bound to the nucleic acid to make folding into the proper structure more favorable by neutralizing the negative charge on the nucleic acid imparted by the phosphate group. This investigation explores tertiary structure of nucleic acids that have been folded in the presence of ligands …
Raman Spectroscopy Of Blood Serum And Cerebrospinal Fluid And Multivariate Data Analysis For Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostics, Elena Ryzhikova
Raman Spectroscopy Of Blood Serum And Cerebrospinal Fluid And Multivariate Data Analysis For Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostics, Elena Ryzhikova
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The efficient and accurate diagnosis at the early stages of dementia is a key moment for effective treatment and productive research to find a new ways to combat the disease. It is especially true for Alzheimer's disease (AD) for which there is no effective cure, but several treatments are known to allow slowing down the degenerative processes. Alzheimer's disease (AD) displays only non-specific clinical symptoms of mental decline for decades after the initiation and is very challenging to differentiate even at the later stages when it becomes very aggressive. Despite the great need, current diagnostic tests are unable to diagnose …
Modeling The Early, Aging-Related Changes In Human Recombinant Gammas-Crystallin In Vitro, Christiana Oluwaseun Salami
Modeling The Early, Aging-Related Changes In Human Recombinant Gammas-Crystallin In Vitro, Christiana Oluwaseun Salami
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world. Cataractous lenses scatter a significant part of the light entering the eye. Cataract can be of several types: Age-related cataract, secondary cataract, traumatic cataract, congenital cataract, and radiation cataract. Age-related cataract is the most common type of cataract. Several factors contribute to age-onset cataract; among them are the Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) to the major lens proteins or crystallins, which constitute about 80-90% of the protein content of the lens. Predominant PTMs of the crystallins are oxidation, deamidation, phosphorylation, glycation, and disulfide crosslinking, which tend to increase as the lens ages.
Improving The Microbial Source Tracking Toolbox : Evaluating The Use Of Selective Enrichments And Artificial Sweeteners In A Multi-Tiered Approach, Stacey A. Helming
Improving The Microbial Source Tracking Toolbox : Evaluating The Use Of Selective Enrichments And Artificial Sweeteners In A Multi-Tiered Approach, Stacey A. Helming
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Microbial contamination of surface waters is a public health concern world-wide, with non-point source fecal input contributing to millions of cases of waterborne illness annually. Numerous techniques have been proposed to monitor for non-point source fecal contamination, but few studies have explored the correlation of multiple chemical and microbial fecal source tracking markers in ambient waters. Therefore, the purpose of these studies was to evaluate the use of multiple "ideal" markers of fecal contamination and improve upon any analytical techniques required to identify species-specific fecal contamination in surface waters. The use of selective enrichments to improve the sensitivity of end-point …
Uncovering Organosulfur Natural Products In The "Shy-Plant" Mimosa Pudica Via Direct Analysis In Real Time Mass Spectrometry : Volatiles Emission From Touch Sensitive Roots, Max Jacob Maron
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Mimosa pudica L. (Mimosaceae) is a small shrub endemic to South America, now pantropically distributed. M. pudica displays the properties of seismonasty where the leaves fold and stems droop in response to both touch, as well as nyctinasty, a type of circadian rhythm. It was previously reported that the principal component of the odor that is produced when M. pudica is uprooted is caused by CS2 and COS, both of which were detected by GC-MS. The present study has found that the roots emit a foul odor in response to direct root stimulation. Further, neither CS2 nor COS were observed …
Structure-Activity Relationship Of 2,3-Benzodiazepin-4-Ones As Noncompetitive Ampa Receptor Antagonists, Mohammad Shaban Qneibi
Structure-Activity Relationship Of 2,3-Benzodiazepin-4-Ones As Noncompetitive Ampa Receptor Antagonists, Mohammad Shaban Qneibi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
2,3-Benzodiazepin-4-one (BDZ-11) derivatives are a special group of 2,3-benzodiazepine compounds. These compounds have been previously synthesized as AMPA receptor inhibitors, and they are also potential drugs for the treatment of various neurological diseases involving excessive AMPA receptor activity. AMPA receptors are a subtype of glutamate ion channel proteins and are responsible for the majority of excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system. Specifically, they are critically involved in neuronal development and brain activities, including learning and memory. Overstimulation of AMPA receptors is associated with some neurological diseases such as ALS, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Despite the fact that hundreds …
Assessment Of Human Exposure To Perchlorate And Perfluoroalkyl Substances In The United States : Biomonitoring And Environmental Monitoring Approaches, Qian Wu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Perchlorate is an oxidant in solid fuels and explosives and is produced in large quantities worldwide. Perchlorate is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and is present in water, food, indoor environment and humans. Human exposure to perchlorate is a concern due to its ability to disrupt the thyroid gland functions.
Molecular Biochemical Study Of The Cataract-Associated Mutants In Human Gammad-Crystallin, Cindy Yeung
Molecular Biochemical Study Of The Cataract-Associated Mutants In Human Gammad-Crystallin, Cindy Yeung
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Cataract is a vision impairment disease that leads to light scattering and opacity of the eye lens. It is recognized as the most prevalent cause of blindness. Most cataracts occur due to aging, but those that occur in childhood or in young adults are typically of genetic origin. In the young (developing) eye, post–surgical complications such as glaucoma are common after cataract surgery. Hence there is a great need to develop non-surgical intervention strategies for the treatment of cataract. Here, two cataract-associated mutants of human γD-crystallin (HGD): i) Arg76 to Ser (R76S) and ii) a truncation mutation at Trp156 (W156X …
(S)-Trifluoroselenomethionine : A New Non-Natural Amino Acid With Enhanced Methioninase-Induced Cytotoxicity Toward Human Colon Cancer Cells, Stephene Nathele Lodge
(S)-Trifluoroselenomethionine : A New Non-Natural Amino Acid With Enhanced Methioninase-Induced Cytotoxicity Toward Human Colon Cancer Cells, Stephene Nathele Lodge
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Abstract
Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectroscopy For Characterization Of Rna Structure And Thermodynamics, Joseph Dustin Handen
Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectroscopy For Characterization Of Rna Structure And Thermodynamics, Joseph Dustin Handen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Raman spectroscopy is a technique well suited for the study of biological molecules such as proteins, peptides, or RNAs. By utilizing an ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) instrument, we are afforded a tremendous increase in sensitivity because of resonance enhancement. Additionally, this technique does not require any labeling. Moreover, this technique is better suited for studying biological systems than infrared absorption due to reduced interference from water. In this study, we apply techniques we have developed for the study of protein and peptide fibrillation to a model RNA homodimer. We demonstrate that UVRR spectroscopy is uniquely suited to monitoring the free …
Inhibition Of Glutamate Receptors By Constructing Bipartite Rna Aptamers, Jeffrey Hebert
Inhibition Of Glutamate Receptors By Constructing Bipartite Rna Aptamers, Jeffrey Hebert
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The relationship of excessive activity of AMPA-type glutamate receptors, and cell death, has long provided researchers a means of investigating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Inhibitors of AMPA receptor channels, including chemical and nucleic acid molecules such as RNA aptamers, have served as potential therapeutic agents and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, building bipartite aptamers to enhance inhibitory potency, as compared with a monomeric aptamer of AMPA receptor, is described. An enhanced potency is due, at least in part; to the proximity effect in bipartite structures or binding of a monomeric …
Interactions Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nucleocapsid Protein With Non-Hiv-Derived Nucleic Acids : Implications For The Viral Replication Cycle, Abhijit Padmakar Jadhav
Interactions Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nucleocapsid Protein With Non-Hiv-Derived Nucleic Acids : Implications For The Viral Replication Cycle, Abhijit Padmakar Jadhav
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
During attempts to develop aptamers that bind to the nucleocapsid protein of HIV-1 (i.e. NCp7) with high affinity, a heretofore unreported property of the protein--the ability to mediate degradation of nucleic acids, was discovered. Using λ DNA as a model nucleic acid system, it was shown that NCp7-mediated degradation of nucleic acids is non-specific, depends on incubation time, the concentration of NCp7, and the presence of divalent and monovalent cations. It was further demonstrated that degradation can be abrogated if NCp7 is pre-incubated with NCp7-inhibitors. Lyophilization of NCp7 can induce irreversible changes in its secondary structure that result in loss …
Amyloid Fibril Polymorphism : Structure, Supramolecular Chiraliy And Spontaneous Interconversion, Dzmitry Kurouski
Amyloid Fibril Polymorphism : Structure, Supramolecular Chiraliy And Spontaneous Interconversion, Dzmitry Kurouski
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Specific protein aggregation has been linked to more than 25 severe human maladies including prion, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases. These important malfunctions are often referred to as 'conformational' disorders and result from the conversion of a normal isoform of a protein into a specific b-sheet rich polymeric amyloid form. This work elaborates a comprehensive characterization of amyloids and dedicated to the investigation of the fibril polymorphism using advanced microscopic tools, such as Atomic Force and Scanning Electron microcopies, together with several vibrational spectroscopy techniques, such as Raman, Infrared and Vibrational Circular Dichroism. A new type of protein folding-aggregation phenomenon, spontaneous …
Short-Term Associations Between Pm2.5, Black Carbon, Delta-C, And Cardiovascular Diseases In A Large Developing Megacity, Daniel Malashock
Short-Term Associations Between Pm2.5, Black Carbon, Delta-C, And Cardiovascular Diseases In A Large Developing Megacity, Daniel Malashock
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Introduction: Association between ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been demonstrated by many epidemiological studies in developed countries, however few studies have been performed in developing countries of Asia.
Trace Element Analysis Of Environmental And Clinical Materials Using Novel Instrumentation Based On X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry : New Capabilities For Public Health Laboratories, Kathryn G. Mcintosh
Trace Element Analysis Of Environmental And Clinical Materials Using Novel Instrumentation Based On X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry : New Capabilities For Public Health Laboratories, Kathryn G. Mcintosh
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry is a well-established analytical technique for determining the elemental content of many different materials. XRF has long been used for public health applications, particularly for identifying lead-based paint hazards. The primary advantage of XRF over other atomic spectrometric techniques is that it is nondestructive. In addition, little sample preparation is required, so results are obtained rapidly and at low cost. The principal aim of this study was to characterize the utility and reliability of current XRF instrumentation for use in the environmental health sciences. Interest in the use of XRF for detecting lead in children's toys …
Selection Of Chemically Modified Rna Aptamers Against The Glua2q Flop Ampa Receptor, Hyojung Seo
Selection Of Chemically Modified Rna Aptamers Against The Glua2q Flop Ampa Receptor, Hyojung Seo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The á-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors play an important role in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. Excessive activity of these receptors has been implicated in some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). AMPA receptor inhibitors are therefore drug candidates for potential treatment of these neurological disorders and diseases. The objective of my MS thesis work is to develop a stable aptamer so that it can be tested and used in vivo where the aptamer must be exposed to ribonucleases. To do this, I prepared a library containing RNAs with 2'-Fluoro …
Mechanism Of Inhibition Of The Glua2 Receptors By N-3 Derivatives Of 2,3-Benzodiazepines With C-4 Methyl Group, Congzhou Wang
Mechanism Of Inhibition Of The Glua2 Receptors By N-3 Derivatives Of 2,3-Benzodiazepines With C-4 Methyl Group, Congzhou Wang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors are one of the three subtypes of ionotropic glutamate receptors. AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Over-activation of calcium permeable AMPA receptors causes intracellular calcium overload, which leads to neurodegeneration and cell death. As such, AMPA receptors have been implicated in a number of neurological disorders and diseases, such as epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease. 2,3-Benzodiazepine derivatives (or GYKI compounds) are a group of structurally similar compounds synthesized as inhibitors of AMPA receptors, and they have been used as potential drug candidates for the treatment of various …
Advanced Statistical Methods For Biochemical And Forensic Applications Of Raman Spectroscopy, Vitali Sikirzhytski
Advanced Statistical Methods For Biochemical And Forensic Applications Of Raman Spectroscopy, Vitali Sikirzhytski
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This work is dedicated to the development and application of advanced statistical methods for biochemical and forensic applications of Raman spectroscopy. We developed a new concept of multidimensional Raman signatures for forensic identification of body fluid traces, which was successfully applied to the study of dried blood, semen, saliva, sweat and vaginal fluid stains. Several alternative advanced chemometric techniques were also successfully tested for the problems of pure body fluids discrimination and mixture analysis. Studies of body fluid mixtures with low blood and semen concentrations indicated that the detection limit of a minor contributor was as low as a few …
Single Cell Analysis For The Characterization Of Cell Populations Using A Live Cell Array, Maureen Ann Walling
Single Cell Analysis For The Characterization Of Cell Populations Using A Live Cell Array, Maureen Ann Walling
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In the past decade, the shift from whole cell population analyses towards single cell measurement methods and techniques is based on experimental results that reveal significant levels of non-genetic heterogeneity in clonal cell populations. This heterogeneity manifests in multiple aspects of cell activity and is, in part, a result of stochastic noise in processes leading to gene expression, namely transcription and translation. The growing understanding of this occurrence has led to the development of methods to monitor and analyze heterogeneity for a more thorough description of cell populations and overall activity.
Biophysical Investigations Of The Molecular Basis Of Cataract Associated With The R76s Mutation In Human Gammad-Crystallin, Vurghun Ahmadov
Biophysical Investigations Of The Molecular Basis Of Cataract Associated With The R76s Mutation In Human Gammad-Crystallin, Vurghun Ahmadov
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Cataract disease results when the eye lens becomes opaque and scatters a significant part of the incoming light into the eye. The lens contains very high concentrations of the lens proteins, called crystallins, which are present at concentrations comparable to those found in protein crystals (about 400-600 mg/mL). Chemical modifications of the crystallins, such as oxidation and deamidation, or genetic mutations are known to result in increased light-scattering in vitro, and are implicated in cataract formation in vivo. Here we present the in vitro work on a mutant protein of human gammaD crystallin (HGD), namely R76S (i.e. Arg 76 to …
Homologous And Heterologous Crystallin Protein Interactions As The Molecular Basis Of Inherited Cataract, Priya Ranjan Banerjee
Homologous And Heterologous Crystallin Protein Interactions As The Molecular Basis Of Inherited Cataract, Priya Ranjan Banerjee
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Age-related cataract is the most common cause of blindness worldwide. Nearly fifty percent of Americans above the age of 75 are diagnosed with this disease (http://www.nei.nih.gov/eyedata/pbd_tables.asp), and surgical intervention is the sole method of treatment at present (http://www.nei.nih.gov/healthyvision/objective/cataracts.asp). In the developing world, even this treatment is not readily available. These are compelling reasons to search for better treatments to delay, prevent or arrest cataract formation. Recent evidence suggests that age-related cataracts also have a genetic component. Therefore, determining the mechanisms underlying genetic cataracts with a known association to a protein-mutation is one important strategy towards understanding the molecular basis for …
In-Cell And In Vitro Studies Of Disease Related Protein-Protein Interactions Using Nmr-Spectroscopy, Andres Yudiel Maldonado
In-Cell And In Vitro Studies Of Disease Related Protein-Protein Interactions Using Nmr-Spectroscopy, Andres Yudiel Maldonado
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand cell surface macromolecule that plays a central role in the etiology of diabetes, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. The cytoplasmic domain of RAGE, ctRAGE, is critical for RAGE-dependent signal transduction. As the most membrane proximal event, mDia1 binds to ctRAGE and is essential for RAGE ligand-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT and cell proliferation/migration. We show that ctRAGE contains an unusual alpha-turn that mediates the mDia1-ctRAGE interaction and is required for RAGE dependent signaling. The results establish a novel mechanism through which an extracellular signal initiated by RAGE ligands regulates RAGE signaling in …