Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Bacteria (2)
- Cytokinesis (2)
- Thymus (2)
- A1 (1)
- Aging (1)
-
- Aire (1)
- Alzehimers (1)
- Anti-inflammatory (1)
- Asprin (1)
- B-cells (1)
- Bone Marrow (1)
- C.albicans (1)
- Canar (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Cell fusion (1)
- Class switch recombination (1)
- Connexin36 (1)
- Cyclooxygenases (1)
- DNA repair (1)
- Excitotoxicity (1)
- FSP-1 (1)
- Fibroblast (1)
- FtsZ (1)
- Genetic screens (1)
- Genomic instability (1)
- HnRNP (1)
- Immunity (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Lipid droplets (1)
- MEFs (1)
Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Auditory Processing Deficits In Msh2-Ko Mice Are Linked To Aberrant Inhibitory Neuron Function In The Thalamic Reticular Nucleus, Sadia N. Rahman
Auditory Processing Deficits In Msh2-Ko Mice Are Linked To Aberrant Inhibitory Neuron Function In The Thalamic Reticular Nucleus, Sadia N. Rahman
Dissertations and Theses
DNA repair mechanisms are crucial for both cellular development and function. One highly conserved DNA repair factor is Mut-S Homolog 2 (Msh2), which corrects base-base mismatches and insertion/deletion loops. In humans, defects in this repair pathway are linked to diseases that have severe neurological pathologies. These include Lynch syndrome, Huntington’s disease and demyelination of the corpus callosum. The fundamental role of Msh2 in brain function is unknown. Using an Msh2-/- mouse model we began an exploration of its impact on the processing of sensory information, a crucial function to an animal’s survival. The goal of this …
A New Mathematical Theory For The Dynamics Of Large Tumor Populations, A Potential Mechanism For Cancer Dormancy & Recurrence And Experimental Observation Of Melanoma Progression In Zebrafish, Adeyinka A. Lesi
Dissertations and Theses
Cancer, a family of over a hundred disease varieties, results in 600,000 deaths in the U.S. alone. Yet, improvements in imaging technology to detect disease earlier, pharmaceutical developments to shrink or eliminate tumors, and modeling of biological interactions to guide treatment have prevented millions of deaths. Cancer patients with initially similar disease can experience vastly different outcomes, including sustained recovery, refractory disease or, remarkably, recurrence years after apparently successful treatment. The current understanding of such recurrences is that they depend on the random occurrence of critical mutations. Clearly, these biological changes appear to be sufficient for recurrence, but are they …
Lps, A Tlr-4 Agonist And Viper A Tlr-4 Inhibitor Upregulate Phagocytosis Of Zymosan In Bv2 Cells, Sherouk Alzeory
Lps, A Tlr-4 Agonist And Viper A Tlr-4 Inhibitor Upregulate Phagocytosis Of Zymosan In Bv2 Cells, Sherouk Alzeory
Dissertations and Theses
Microglia cells are the first line of innate immunity defense in the central nervous system (CNS). They play a critical role in maintaining CNS homeostasis by having an active but yet balanced phagocytic activity. However, in various CNS related diseases, microglia cells have been shown to malfunction. In Alzheimer's Disease (AD), hyperactive microglia with impaired phagocytic activity is the main hallmark of this disease, along with the accumulation of amyloid-beta aggregates. Additionally, emerging new studies have suggested a fungal infection etiology to AD, specifically in relation to Candida albicans (C.albicans). Thus, understanding the mechanism of fungal clearance in the …
Characterizing Chromosomal Aberrations In Cells Deficient For Both Atm And Msh2, Yeliz Inalman
Characterizing Chromosomal Aberrations In Cells Deficient For Both Atm And Msh2, Yeliz Inalman
Dissertations and Theses
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and mutS homologue 2 (MSH2) are important DNA repair proteins that participate in DNA repair pathways to maintain genomic integrity. Mice deficient for ATM and MSH2 mice are viable. However, ATM-/- mice show growth retardation, neurological defects, and spontaneous lymphomagenesis. MSH2-/- mice suffer from aggressive lymphoid tumors between two to five months of age and have increased microsatellite instability, which predisposes MSH2-/- mice to carcinomas. However, mice deficient in both ATM and MSH2 are unable to survive beyond postnatal day 21 (P21). The observed lethality in ATM-/-MSH2-/- mice may result …
The Effect Of Stress Induced Premature Senescence On The Expression Of Heterogeneous Ribonucleoieoprotein, Yuriy Pechenyy
The Effect Of Stress Induced Premature Senescence On The Expression Of Heterogeneous Ribonucleoieoprotein, Yuriy Pechenyy
Dissertations and Theses
The role of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP) in cellular senescence is yet to be defined. Cellular senescence is a terminal growth arrest in somatic cells. It is thought to be the consequence of telomeric shortening that acts as a DNA damage signal. Conversely, cells induced into premature senescence (SIPS) by oxidative stress, is independent of telomere attrition. Premature senescence has been proposed to be physiologically relevant as it can be induced by treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. In particular, we are studying the roles of hnRNP A1 and A2 in the maintenance of the senescence phenotype. hnRNPs are a family of …
Wnt Secretion Proteins Modulate Rankl-Induced Expression Of Aire In Thymic Epithelial Cells, Daniel Pollack
Wnt Secretion Proteins Modulate Rankl-Induced Expression Of Aire In Thymic Epithelial Cells, Daniel Pollack
Dissertations and Theses
Thymic epithelial cells (TEC) are essential for a proper adaptive immune response by regulating thymocyte development and establishing central tolerance. In the thymus, TECs differentially express Wnt proteins, which activate canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways. Wnt signaling is thought to regulate cell survival, proliferation, and development although the direct molecular mechanisms in TECs have yet to be elucidated. The inducible inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling with Dkk1 leads to a rapid loss of TEC progenitors as well as a decline in mature Aire-expressing mTECs. Therefore, we explore the role of Wnt ligands potentially responsible for stimulating and/or regulating Wnt …
Bone Marrow Derived Progenitor Cells And Their Contributions To The Thymic Stroma, Mohammed Hoque
Bone Marrow Derived Progenitor Cells And Their Contributions To The Thymic Stroma, Mohammed Hoque
Dissertations and Theses
The thymus serves as the primary lymphoid organ responsible for the development and selection of a self-tolerant T cell repertoire. In paradox to its critical functions for the adaptive immune response, the thymus undergoes a profound age associated decline beginning in early adult life resulting in significant decline in T-cell function.Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are the most critical component of the thymic microenvironment and undergo rapid turn-over, so understanding the cellular mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of TEC number and organization will be critical in counteracting age associated involution, particularly in cancer patients, due to enhanced degeneration in response to …
Expression And Function Of A Putative Cox-Like Gene In D. Melanogaster, Michelle S. Batchu
Expression And Function Of A Putative Cox-Like Gene In D. Melanogaster, Michelle S. Batchu
Dissertations and Theses
Cyclooxygenases (COX) are the enzymes that catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. In mammals, isoform COX-1 is constitutively expressed, whereas the isoform COX-2 gene expression is induced, primarily at sites of inflammation. While eicosanoids play a major role in inflammation in insects, their existence in fruit flies has not been reported. Recent computational analyses by Qi and Singh (2014) have identified putative COX-like enzymes in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Here we compare the expression patterns of these enzymes and the effects of their knockdown in immune cells of D. melanogaster third instar larvae. Because of high genetic …
Effects Of Acetyl Salicyclic Acid On Drosophila Models Of Cancer-Inflammation, Roma Rajwani
Effects Of Acetyl Salicyclic Acid On Drosophila Models Of Cancer-Inflammation, Roma Rajwani
Dissertations and Theses
Chronic inflammation is a fundamental condition underlying many human disease pathologies including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Indeed, one of the most commonly-used anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of many cancers. To understand the mechanistic linkages between inflammation and cancer, we used Drosophila models in which hyperactive immune signaling causes overproliferation of the hematopoietic system leading to the production of inflammatory blood tumors. In mutant animals, hematopoietic cells divide uncontrollably and exhibit pre-mature differentiation giving rise to large sticky cells. Some mutant cells infiltrate and adhere to cells of the fat body. The fat …
Characterization Of The Interaction Between Ftsz-Ring Stabilizer Zapc And The Conserved Protease Clpxp In E. Coli Cytokinesis, Andrea Cardenas Arevalo
Characterization Of The Interaction Between Ftsz-Ring Stabilizer Zapc And The Conserved Protease Clpxp In E. Coli Cytokinesis, Andrea Cardenas Arevalo
Dissertations and Theses
Cell division in bacteria requires the assembly of a macromolecular protein machinery at midcell that is spatiotemporally regulated during the bacterial cell cycle. Central to the process of division is the assembly of a cytokinetic ring-like structure, termed the Z-ring, formed by polymers of the essential tubulin-homolog FtsZ. Polymerization of FtsZ is regulated by a number of proteins that bind FtsZ and regulate its assembly/disassembly mechanisms. Despite being extensively studied, the molecular nature of the diverse protein-protein interactions that regulate the assembly of FtsZ during early stages of division is not well understood. Here, I focus on an FtsZ-ring stabilizer …
Structure-Function Analysis Of Zapc, An Ftsz-Ring Stabilizer, In Escherichia Coli Cytokinesis, Lukasz Tchorzewski
Structure-Function Analysis Of Zapc, An Ftsz-Ring Stabilizer, In Escherichia Coli Cytokinesis, Lukasz Tchorzewski
Dissertations and Theses
In Escherichia coli, cell division is defined by the polymerization and constriction of a cytokinetic ring (Z ring) formed by FtsZ, a tubulin-like GTPase, at midcell. Division also involves the formation of a multi-protein complex at midcell known as the divisome. Several divisome proteins promote the assembly/disassembly processes of FtsZ, thereby exercising spatiotemporal control over division. Among FtsZ regulatory proteins are the FtsZ ringassociated proteins (Zap), which either directly or indirectly stabilize the Z-ring by increasing lateral interactions amongst FtsZ protofilaments in the Z-ring. ZapA-D are recruited during early cytokinesis and have overlapping functions in stabilizing FtsZ at midcell, but …
Screen For Suppressors And Enhancers Of Excitotoxic Neurodegeneration, Anthony Omorodion Edokpolo
Screen For Suppressors And Enhancers Of Excitotoxic Neurodegeneration, Anthony Omorodion Edokpolo
Dissertations and Theses
Excitotoxicity is an important and frequently observed neurodegenerative process. Excitotoxicity mediates brain damage in a range of diseases and conditions including stroke, and is triggered by excessive stimulation of glutamatergic synapses. In spite of extensive studies, the molecular mechanisms involved in excitotoxicity following the over-activation of postsynaptic glutamate receptors are not well understood, and clinical trials based on our partial understanding of the process ended with disappointment. Genetic screens in simple animal models offer a powerful alternative approach, since screens are unbiased, analysis is facilitated by strong research tools, and cellular mechanisms are highly conserved through evolution. We produced a …