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Plant Characteristics Associated With Widespread Variation In Eelgrass Wasting Disease, Ml Groner, Ca Burge, Cjs Kim, E Rees, Kl Van Alstyne
Plant Characteristics Associated With Widespread Variation In Eelgrass Wasting Disease, Ml Groner, Ca Burge, Cjs Kim, E Rees, Kl Van Alstyne
VIMS Articles
Seagrasses are ecosystem engineers of essential marine habitat. Their populations are rapidly declining worldwide. One potential cause of seagrass population declines is wasting disease, which is caused by opportunistic pathogens in the genus Labyrinthula. While infection with these pathogens is common in seagrasses, theory suggests that disease only occurs when environmental stressors cause immunosuppression of the host. Recent evidence suggests that host factors may also contribute to disease caused by opportunistic pathogens. In order to quantify patterns of disease, identify risk factors, and investigate responses to infection, we surveyed shoot density, shoot length, epiphyte load, production of plant defenses (phenols), …
Effects Of Embryonic Exposure To Salinity Stress Or Hypoxia On Post-Metamorphic Growth And Survival Of The Polychaete Capitella Teleta, Ja Pechenik, Or Chaparro, A Pilnick, M Karp, M Acquafredda, R Burns
Effects Of Embryonic Exposure To Salinity Stress Or Hypoxia On Post-Metamorphic Growth And Survival Of The Polychaete Capitella Teleta, Ja Pechenik, Or Chaparro, A Pilnick, M Karp, M Acquafredda, R Burns
VIMS Articles
Although a good number of studies have investigated the impact of larval experience on aspects of post-metamorphic performance, only a few have considered the potential impact of stresses experienced by brooded embryos. In this study we separately investigated the impact of salinity stress (as low as 10) and hypoxia (1 ml O2 1 sub-1) experienced by brooded embryos of the deposit-feeding polychaete Capitella teleta on hatching success, metamorphosis, post-metamorphic survival, and post-metamorphic growth. Salinity reduction from 30 to 10 or 15 reduced relative hatching success, presumably by reducing embryonic survival, but generally had no negative latent effects on juvenile survival …
Managing Aquatic Parasites For Reduced Drug Resistance: Lessons From The Land, Gf Mcewan, Ml Groner, Dl Burnett, Md Fast, Cw Revie
Managing Aquatic Parasites For Reduced Drug Resistance: Lessons From The Land, Gf Mcewan, Ml Groner, Dl Burnett, Md Fast, Cw Revie
VIMS Articles
Atlantic salmon farming is one of the largest aquaculture industries in the world. A major problem in salmon farms is the sea louse ectoparasite Lepeophtheirus salmonis, which can cause stress, secondary infection and sometimes mortality in the salmon host. Sea lice have substantial impacts on farm economics and potentially nearby wild salmonid populations. The most common method of controlling sea louse infestations is application of chemicals. However, most farming regions worldwide have observed resistance to the small set of treatment chemicals that are available. Despite this, there has been little investigation of treatment strategies for managing resistance in aquaculture. In …
First Report Of Perkinsus Honshuensis In The Variegated Carpet Shell Clam Ruditapes Variegatus In Korea, Hs Kang, Hs Yang, Kimberly S. Reece, Hk Hong, Ki Park, Ks Choi
First Report Of Perkinsus Honshuensis In The Variegated Carpet Shell Clam Ruditapes Variegatus In Korea, Hs Kang, Hs Yang, Kimberly S. Reece, Hk Hong, Ki Park, Ks Choi
VIMS Articles
The recent discovery of Perkinsus honshuensis, a new Perkinsus species infecting Manila clams Ruditapes philippinarum (Sowerby, 1852), in Japan, suggested that, based on proximity, P. honshuensis could also be in Korean waters, where to date, P. olseni was believed to be the only Perkinsus species present. Perkinsus sp. infections consistently occurred among Ruditapes variegatus clams on a pebble beach on Jeju Island, off the south coast of Korea. The typical 'signet ring' morphology of the parasite was observed in the connective tissue of the digestive gland, and infection intensity was comparatively low (3.3 x 10(3) +/- 1.2 x 10(4) to …
Managing Marine Mollusc Diseases In The Context Of Regional And International Commerce: Policy Issues And Emerging Concerns, Ryan Carnegie, I Arzul, D Bushek
Managing Marine Mollusc Diseases In The Context Of Regional And International Commerce: Policy Issues And Emerging Concerns, Ryan Carnegie, I Arzul, D Bushek
VIMS Articles
Marine mollusc production contributes to food and economic security worldwide and provides valuable ecological services, yet diseases threaten these industries and wild populations. Although the infrastructure for mollusc aquaculture health management is well characterized, its foundations are not without flaws. Use of notifiable pathogen lists can leave blind spots with regard to detection of unlisted and emerging pathogens. Increased reliance on molecular tools has come without similar attention to diagnostic validation, raising questions about assay performance, and has been accompanied by a reduced emphasis on microscopic diagnostic expertise that could weaken pathogen detection capabilities. Persistent questions concerning pathogen biology and …
Managing Marine Disease Emergencies In An Era Of Rapid Change, Ml Groner, J Maynard, R Breyta, Rb Carnegie, Et Al, Jeffrey D. Shields
Managing Marine Disease Emergencies In An Era Of Rapid Change, Ml Groner, J Maynard, R Breyta, Rb Carnegie, Et Al, Jeffrey D. Shields
VIMS Articles
Infectious marine diseases can decimate populations and are increasing among some taxa due to global change and our increasing reliance on marine environments. Marine diseases become emergencies when significant ecological, economic or social impacts occur. We can prepare for and manage these emergencies through improved surveillance, and the development and iterative refinement of approaches to mitigate disease and its impacts. Improving surveillance requires fast, accurate diagnoses, forecasting disease risk and real-time monitoring of disease-promoting environmental conditions. Diversifying impact mitigation involves increasing host resilience to disease, reducing pathogen abundance and managing environmental factors that facilitate disease. Disease surveillance and mitigation can …
Potential Drivers Of Virulence Evolution In Aquaculture, David A. Kennedy, Gael Kurath, Ilana L. Brito, Maureen K. Purcell, Andrew F. Read, James R. Winton, Ar Wargo
Potential Drivers Of Virulence Evolution In Aquaculture, David A. Kennedy, Gael Kurath, Ilana L. Brito, Maureen K. Purcell, Andrew F. Read, James R. Winton, Ar Wargo
VIMS Articles
Infectious diseases are economically detrimental to aquaculture, and with continued expansion and intensification of aquaculture, the importance of managing infectious diseases will likely increase in the future. Here, we use evolution of virulence theory, along with examples, to identify aquaculture practices that might lead to the evolution of increased pathogen virulence. We identify eight practices common in aquaculture that theory predicts may favor evolution toward higher pathogen virulence. Four are related to intensive aquaculture operations, and four others are related specifically to infectious disease control. Our intention is to make aquaculture managers aware of these risks, such that with increased …
Abstracts Of Shellfish Technical Papers, Presented At The Joint Meeting Of The Northeast Aquaculture Conference And Exposition And The 35th Milford Aquaculture Seminar, Portland, Maine, January 14–16, 2015, National Shellfisheries Association
Abstracts Of Shellfish Technical Papers, Presented At The Joint Meeting Of The Northeast Aquaculture Conference And Exposition And The 35th Milford Aquaculture Seminar, Portland, Maine, January 14–16, 2015, National Shellfisheries Association
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Abstracts Of Technical Papers, Presented At The 107th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association, Monterey, California, March 22–26, 2015, National Shellfisheries Association
Abstracts Of Technical Papers, Presented At The 107th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association, Monterey, California, March 22–26, 2015, National Shellfisheries Association
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Scientific Evidence Supports A Ban On Microbeads, Cm Rochman, Sm Kross, Jb Armstrong, Mt Bogan, Es Darling, Sj Green, Ar Smyth, D Verissimo
Scientific Evidence Supports A Ban On Microbeads, Cm Rochman, Sm Kross, Jb Armstrong, Mt Bogan, Es Darling, Sj Green, Ar Smyth, D Verissimo
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Role Of Dissolved Nitrate And Phosphate In Isolates Of Mesodinium Rubrum And Toxin-Producing Dinophysis Acuminata, Mm Tong, Jl Smith, Dm Kulis, Dm Anderson
Role Of Dissolved Nitrate And Phosphate In Isolates Of Mesodinium Rubrum And Toxin-Producing Dinophysis Acuminata, Mm Tong, Jl Smith, Dm Kulis, Dm Anderson
VIMS Articles
Mesodinium rubrum (as prey) is a critical component, in addition to light, for growth and toxin production by the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata. Little is known, however, about the role that dissolved inorganic nutrients play in this predator-prey relationship and system toxicity. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the possible uptake of dissolved nitrate and phosphate by (1) D. acuminata starved of prey, (2) D. acuminata feeding on M. rubrum, and (3) M. rubrum grown in nutritionally modified medium. All single-clone or mixed cultures were monitored for dissolved and particulate nutrient levels over the growth cycle, as well …
Perkinsus Sp Infections And In Vitro Isolates From Anadara Trapezia (Mud Arks) Of Queensland, Australia, C Dang, Cf Dungan, Gp Scott, Kimberly S. Reece
Perkinsus Sp Infections And In Vitro Isolates From Anadara Trapezia (Mud Arks) Of Queensland, Australia, C Dang, Cf Dungan, Gp Scott, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
Perkinsus sp. protists were found infecting Anadara trapezia mud ark cockles at 6 sites in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, at prevalences of 4 to 100% during 2011 as determined by surveys using Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium. Perkinsus sp. lesions were found among gill and visceral connective tissues in histological samples from several cockles, where basophilic, eccentrically vacuolated Perkinsus sp. signet ring trophozoites and proliferating, Perkinsus sp. schizont cells were documented. Two Perkinsus sp. isolates were propagated in vitro during August 2013 from gill tissues of a single infected A. trapezia cockle from Wynnum in Moreton Bay. DNA from those isolate …
Characterization And Comparison Of Toxin-Producing Isolates Of Dinophysis Acuminata From New England And Canada, Mm Tong, Juliette L. Smith, M Richlen, Ka Steidinger, Dm Kulis, Et Al.
Characterization And Comparison Of Toxin-Producing Isolates Of Dinophysis Acuminata From New England And Canada, Mm Tong, Juliette L. Smith, M Richlen, Ka Steidinger, Dm Kulis, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Following the identification of the first toxic isolate of Dinophysis acuminata from the northwestern Atlantic, we conducted detailed investigations into the morphology, phylogeny, physiology, and toxigenicity of three isolates from three sites within the northeastern U.S./Canada region: Eel Pond and Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, and the Bay of Fundy. Another isolate, collected from the Gulf of Mexico, was grown under the same light, temperature, and prey conditions for comparison. Despite observed phenotypic heterogeneity, morphometrics and molecular evidence classified the three northwestern Atlantic isolates as D. acuminata Claparede & Lachmann, whereas the isolate from the Gulf of Mexico was morphologically identified as …
Host Behavior Alters Spiny Lobster-Viral Disease Dynamics: A Simulation Study, Tw Dolan, Mj Butler, Jeffrey D. Shields
Host Behavior Alters Spiny Lobster-Viral Disease Dynamics: A Simulation Study, Tw Dolan, Mj Butler, Jeffrey D. Shields
VIMS Articles
Social behavior confers numerous benefits to animals but also risks, among them an increase in the spread of pathogenic diseases. We examined the trade-off between risk of predation and disease transmission under different scenarios of host spatial structure and disease avoidance behavior using a spatially explicit, individual-based model of the host pathogen interaction between juvenile Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) and Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1). Spiny lobsters are normally social but modify their behavior to avoid diseased conspecifics, a potentially effective means of reducing transmission but one rarely observed in the wild. We found that without lobster avoidance of …
Bonamia Exitiosa Transmission Among, And Incidence In, Asian Oyster Crassostrea Ariakensis Under Warm Euhaline Conditions, Corinne Audemard, Ryan B. Carnegie, Km Hill, Ch Peterson, Em Burreson
Bonamia Exitiosa Transmission Among, And Incidence In, Asian Oyster Crassostrea Ariakensis Under Warm Euhaline Conditions, Corinne Audemard, Ryan B. Carnegie, Km Hill, Ch Peterson, Em Burreson
VIMS Articles
Previously reported in Australia, New Zealand, and more recently in Europe, the protistan parasite Bonamia exitiosa was also reported in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA after causing serious mortalities there in the Asian oyster Crassostrea ariakensis. At the time, this oyster was being considered for introduction, and the potential consequences of introducing this species were being assessed using field and laboratory studies. B. exitiosa emerged as the most serious disease threat for this oyster species, especially under warm euhaline conditions and for oystersariakensis, we investigated B. exitiosa transmission and incidence in C. ariakensis. During a first trial, potential direct …
Ameson Metacarcini Sp Nov (Microsporidia) Infecting The Muscles Of Dungeness Crabs Metacarcinus Magister From British Columbia, Canada, Hamish J. Small, Gr Meyer, Gd Stentiford, Js Dunham, K Bateman, Jeffrey D. Shields
Ameson Metacarcini Sp Nov (Microsporidia) Infecting The Muscles Of Dungeness Crabs Metacarcinus Magister From British Columbia, Canada, Hamish J. Small, Gr Meyer, Gd Stentiford, Js Dunham, K Bateman, Jeffrey D. Shields
VIMS Articles
The Dungeness crab Metacarcinus magister supports a large and valuable fishery along the west coast of North America. Since 1998, Dungeness crabs exhibiting pink- to orange-colored joints and opaque white musculature have been sporadically observed in low prevalence from the Fraser River delta of British Columbia, Canada. We provide histological, ultrastructural, and molecular evidence that this condition is caused by a new microsporidian parasite. Crabs displaying gross symptoms were confirmed to have heavy infections of ovoid-shaped microsporidian spores (similar to 1.8 x 1.4 mu m in size) within muscle bundles of the skeletal musculature. The parasite apparently infected the outer …
Ultrastructural Comparison Of Bonamia Spp. (Haplosporidia) Infecting Ostreid Oysters, Pm Hine, Rb Carnegie, Ma Kroeck, A Villalba, My Engelsma, Em Burreson
Ultrastructural Comparison Of Bonamia Spp. (Haplosporidia) Infecting Ostreid Oysters, Pm Hine, Rb Carnegie, Ma Kroeck, A Villalba, My Engelsma, Em Burreson
VIMS Articles
The ultrastructure of Bonamia from Ostrea angasi from Australia, Crassostrea ariakensis from the USA, O. puelchana from Argentina and O. edulis from Spain was compared with described Bonamia spp. All appear conspecific with B. exitiosa. The Bonamia sp. from Chile had similarities to the type B. exitiosa from New Zealand (NZ), but less so than the other forms recognized as B. exitiosa. Two groups of ultrastructural features were identified; those associated with metabolism (mitochondrial profiles, lipid droplets and endoplasmic reticulum), and those associated with haplosporogenesis (Golgi, indentations in the nuclear surface, the putative trans-Golgi network, perinuclear granular material and haplosporosome-like …
Microcell Parasites Of Molluscs: Introduction To Dao Special 7, Rb Carnegie, My Engelsma
Microcell Parasites Of Molluscs: Introduction To Dao Special 7, Rb Carnegie, My Engelsma
VIMS Articles
First discovered decades ago, microcell protistan parasites of the genera Bonamia and Mikrocytos remain relevant today for their economic impacts on growing molluscan aquaculture industries and fisheries. Bonamia parasites have received more attention over the years in part because they are more widespread and thus of wider concern, but there has been renewed interest in Mikrocytos recently with the generation of important new findings. Among these has been the surprising observation that Mikrocytos has phylogenetic affinities to the Rhizaria, which includes the haplosporidian protists and the genus Bonamia. This Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Special, emerging from the 5th Meeting of …
Phylogenetics Of Bonamia Parasites Based On Small Subunit And Internal Transcribed Spacer Region Ribosomal Dna Sequence Data, Km Hill, Na Stokes, Sc Webb, Pm Hine, Ma Kroeck, Jd Moore, Ms Morely, Kimberly S. Reece, Eugene M. Burreson, Ryan Carnegie
Phylogenetics Of Bonamia Parasites Based On Small Subunit And Internal Transcribed Spacer Region Ribosomal Dna Sequence Data, Km Hill, Na Stokes, Sc Webb, Pm Hine, Ma Kroeck, Jd Moore, Ms Morely, Kimberly S. Reece, Eugene M. Burreson, Ryan Carnegie
VIMS Articles
The genus Bonamia (Haplosporidia) includes economically significant oyster parasites. Described species were thought to have fairly circumscribed host and geographic ranges: B. ostreae infecting Ostrea edulis in Europe and North America, B. exitiosa infecting O. chilensis in New Zealand, and B. roughleyi infecting Saccostrea glomerata in Australia. The discovery of B. exitiosa-like parasites in new locations and the observation of a novel species, B. perspora, in non-commercial O. stentina altered this perception and prompted our wider evaluation of the global diversity of Bonamia parasites. Samples of 13 oyster species from 21 locations were screened for Bonamia spp. by PCR, and …
Longitudinal Study Of Winter Mortality Disease In Sydney Rock Oysters Saccostrea Glomerata, Zb Spiers, M Gabor, Sa Fell, Rb Carnegie, M Dove, Et Al.
Longitudinal Study Of Winter Mortality Disease In Sydney Rock Oysters Saccostrea Glomerata, Zb Spiers, M Gabor, Sa Fell, Rb Carnegie, M Dove, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Winter mortality (WM) is a poorly studied disease affecting Sydney rock oysters Saccostrea glomerata in estuaries in New South Wales, Australia, where it can cause significant losses. WM is more severe in oysters cultured deeper in the water column and appears linked to higher salinities. Current dogma is that WM is caused by the microcell parasite Bonamia roughleyi, but evidence linking clinical signs and histopathology to molecular data identifying bonamiasis is lacking. We conducted a longitudinal study between February and November 2010 in 2 estuaries where WM has occurred (Georges and Shoalhaven Rivers). Results from molecular testing of experimental oysters …
Bonamia Parasites: A Rapidly Changing Perspective On A Genus Of Important Mollusc Pathogens, My Engelsma, Sc Culloty, Sa Lynch, I Arzul, Rb Carnegie
Bonamia Parasites: A Rapidly Changing Perspective On A Genus Of Important Mollusc Pathogens, My Engelsma, Sc Culloty, Sa Lynch, I Arzul, Rb Carnegie
VIMS Articles
Organisms of the genus Bonamia are intracellular protistan parasites of oysters. To date, 4 species have been described (B. ostreae, B. exitiosa, B. perspora and B. roughleyi), although the status of B. roughleyi is controversial. Introduction especially of B. ostreae and B. exitiosa to naive host populations has been shown to cause mass mortalities in the past and has had a dramatic impact on oyster production. Both B. ostreae and B. exitiosa are pathogens notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the European Union. Effective management of the disease caused by these pathogens is complicated by the …
Haplosporidium Littoralis Sp Nov.: A Crustacean Pathogen Within The Haplosporida (Cercozoa, Ascetosporea), Gd Stentiford, Ks Bateman, Na Stokes, Ryan Carnegie
Haplosporidium Littoralis Sp Nov.: A Crustacean Pathogen Within The Haplosporida (Cercozoa, Ascetosporea), Gd Stentiford, Ks Bateman, Na Stokes, Ryan Carnegie
VIMS Articles
Previously, we described the pathology and ultrastructure of an apparently asporous haplosporidian-like parasite infecting the common shore crab Carcinus maenas from the European shoreline. In the current study, extraction of genomic DNA from the haemolymph, gill or hepatopancreas of infected C. maenas was carried out and the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) of the pathogen was amplified by PCR before cloning and sequencing. All 4 crabs yielded an identical 1736 bp parasite sequence. BLAST analysis against the NCBI GenBank database identified the sequence as most similar to the protistan pathogen group comprising the order Haplosporida within the class Ascetosporea …
Conservation In The First Internal Transcribed Spacer (Its1) Region Of Hematodinium Perezi (Genotype Iii) From Callinectes Sapidus, Kmp Lohan, Hamish J. Small, Jeffrey D. Shields, Ar Place, Kimberly S. Reece
Conservation In The First Internal Transcribed Spacer (Its1) Region Of Hematodinium Perezi (Genotype Iii) From Callinectes Sapidus, Kmp Lohan, Hamish J. Small, Jeffrey D. Shields, Ar Place, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
Hematodinium spp. infections have been reported from blue crabs Callinectes sapidus in high-salinity waters of the USA from New Jersey to Texas. Recently, H. perezi (genotype III) has been proposed as the parasite species and genotype infecting blue crabs from Virginia; however, it is unknown whether this same genotype is present in blue crabs from other locations. To address this question, we collected 317 blue crabs from Massachusetts, Virginia, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas to test for the presence of H. perezi (III) using a specific PCR assay targeting the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region of the ribosomal RNA …
Projected Hg Dietary Exposure Of 3 Bird Species Nesting On A Contaminated Floodplain (South River, Virginia, Usa), Jc Wang, Mc Newman
Projected Hg Dietary Exposure Of 3 Bird Species Nesting On A Contaminated Floodplain (South River, Virginia, Usa), Jc Wang, Mc Newman
VIMS Articles
Dietary Hg exposure was modeled for Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), Eastern song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), and Eastern screech owl (Otus asio) nesting on the contaminated South River floodplain (Virginia, USA). Parameterization of Monte-Carlo models required formal expert elicitation to define bird body weight and feeding ecology characteristics because specific information was either unavailable in the published literature or too difficult to collect reliably by field survey. Mercury concentrations and weights for candidate food items were obtained directly by field survey. Simulations predicted the probability that an adult bird during breeding season would ingest specific amounts of Hg during daily foraging …
Distribution, Prevalence, And Genetic Analysis Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) From The Caribbean Sea, Ja Moss, D Behringer, Jeffrey D. Shields, A Baeza, A Aguilar-Perera, Et Al.
Distribution, Prevalence, And Genetic Analysis Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) From The Caribbean Sea, Ja Moss, D Behringer, Jeffrey D. Shields, A Baeza, A Aguilar-Perera, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
The pathogenic virus Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) was first discovered in Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus from the Florida Keys (USA) in 1999 and has since been reported in Belize, Mexico, and Cuba; its distribution in the wider Caribbean is unknown. We collected tissue samples from adult spiny lobsters from 30 locations in 14 countries bordering the Caribbean Sea and used molecular diagnostics to assay for the presence of PaV1. PaV1 occurred primarily in the northern areas of the Caribbean, where its prevalence was highest. The virus was not found in lobsters from the southeastern Caribbean, and its prevalence …
Differential Compartmentalization Of Memory B Cells Versus Plasma Cells In Salmonid Fish, Cy Ma, Jm Ye, Sl Kaattari
Differential Compartmentalization Of Memory B Cells Versus Plasma Cells In Salmonid Fish, Cy Ma, Jm Ye, Sl Kaattari
VIMS Articles
The disposition of teleost memory and plasma cells (PCs) has essentially been un-explored. As the organization of the teleost immune system differs significantly from that of mammals (i.e. no bone marrow or lymph nodes, hematopoietic anterior kidney), this disposition could be essential in understanding how comparable functions are achieved. To address this question, the primary and secondary antibody-secreting cell, B memory cell, and antibody responses to T-independent and T-dependent antigens were analyzed in trout. Although the TI and TD antibody responses did not differ substantively from one another, the secondary responses to both were significantly prolonged compared with the primary …
Heritable Melanism And Parasitic Infection Both Result In Black-Spotted Mosquitofish, Lisa Horth, David Gauthier, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
Heritable Melanism And Parasitic Infection Both Result In Black-Spotted Mosquitofish, Lisa Horth, David Gauthier, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
VIMS Articles
Male Gambusia holbrooki (Eastern Mosquitofish) express a heritable pigmentation polymorphism: ≈99% of males are silver, and only ≈1% have a melanic, black-spotted pattern. Sex-linkage, an autosomal modifier, and temperature control the expression of this heritable melanism. In many teleosts, melanin also accumulates around the site of parasitic invasion. We have identified black-spot disease in wild mosquitofish from their native habitat. Here, we demonstrate convergence upon the black-pigmented phenotype through two means: 1) heritable melanism, and 2) melanic spotting on the silver genotype that results from infection with immature encysted trematodes. Females are silver and express greater avoidance ofmelanic males during …
Genetic Population Structure Of Us Atlantic Coastal Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis), Dt Gauthier, Corinne Audemard, Jel Carlsson, Tl Darden, Mr Denson, Kimberly S. Reece, J Carlsson
Genetic Population Structure Of Us Atlantic Coastal Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis), Dt Gauthier, Corinne Audemard, Jel Carlsson, Tl Darden, Mr Denson, Kimberly S. Reece, J Carlsson
VIMS Articles
Genetic population structure of anadromous striped bass along the US Atlantic coast was analyzed using 14 neutral nuclear DNA microsatellites. Young-of-the-year and adult striped bass (n = 1114) were sampled from Hudson River, Delaware River, Chesapeake Bay, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Analyses indicated clear population structure with significant genetic differentiation between all regions. Global multilocus F-ST was estimated at 0.028 (P < 0.001). Population structure followed an isolation-by-distance model and temporal sampling indicated a stable population structure more than 2 years at all locations. Significant structure was absent within Hudson River, whereas weak but significant genetic differences were observed between northern and southern samples in Chesapeake Bay. The largest and smallest effective striped bass population sizes were found in Chesapeake Bay and South Carolina, respectively. Coalescence analysis indicated that the highest historical gene flow has been between Chesapeake Bay and Hudson River populations, and that exchange has not been unidirectional. Bayesian analysis of contemporary migration indicated that Chesapeake Bay serves as a major source of migrants for Atlantic coastal regions from Albemarle Sound northward. In addition to examining population genetic structure, the data acquired during this project were capable of serving as a baseline for assigning fish with unknown origin to source region.
Limited Prevalance Of Gaffkaemia (Aerococcus Viridans Var. Homari) Isolated From Wild-Caught European Lobsters Homarus Gammarus In England And Wales, Pd Stebbing, Mj Pond, E Peeler, Hamish J. Small, Sj Greenwood
Limited Prevalance Of Gaffkaemia (Aerococcus Viridans Var. Homari) Isolated From Wild-Caught European Lobsters Homarus Gammarus In England And Wales, Pd Stebbing, Mj Pond, E Peeler, Hamish J. Small, Sj Greenwood
VIMS Articles
Gaffkaemia, caused by Aerococcus viridans var. homari, causes fatal infections in Homarus spp. (clawed lobsters). Despite its high economic significance to the lobster fisheries in the USA and northern Europe, data on its prevalence in captured and wild populations, particularly in Europe, is scarce. Following an outbreak of gaffkaemia in a European lobster holding facility in South Wales (UK), a base-line survey was conducted for gaffkaemia in wild populations of European lobster Homarus gammarus around the coast of England and Wales. In addition, isolates recovered from the original outbreak and the survey were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and …
Susceptibility Of Juvenile European Lobster Homarus Gammarus To Shrimp Products Infected With High And Low Doses Of White Spot Syndrome Virus, Ks Bateman, J Munro, B Uglow, Hamish J. Small, Gd Stentiford
Susceptibility Of Juvenile European Lobster Homarus Gammarus To Shrimp Products Infected With High And Low Doses Of White Spot Syndrome Virus, Ks Bateman, J Munro, B Uglow, Hamish J. Small, Gd Stentiford
VIMS Articles
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most important pathogen known to affect the sustainability and growth of the global penaeid shrimp farming industry. Although most commonly associated with penaeid shrimp farmed in warm waters, WSSV is also able to infect, cause disease in and kill a wide range of other decapod crustaceans, including lobsters, from temperate regions. In 2005, the European Union imported US$500 million worth of raw frozen or cooked frozen commodity products, much of which originated in regions positive for white spot disease (WSD). The presence of WSSV within the UK food market was verified by means …