Life Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Feeding Duration Of Increased Lysine And Energy Prior To Farrowing On Sow Performance And Colostrum Quality, K. M. Gourley, A. J. Swanson, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 467 sows were used in a study to evaluate the effect of feeding duration of increased lysine (Lys) and energy prior to farrowing on sow and litter performance, piglet survival, and colostrum quality. Sows were blocked by body weight and parity category on d 106 of gestation, and allotted to one of three dietary treatments: 1) 4.5 lb/d gestation feed (12.5 g SID Lys and 6.5 Mcal ME) until d 113 of gestation, then 6 lb/d lactation feed (28 g SID Lys and 9.4 Mcal ME) until parturition; 2) 4.5 lb/d gestation feed (12.5 g SID Lys …

Trends In “Natural” Value-Added Calf Programs At Superior Livestock Video Auction, K. G. Odde, M. E. King, E. D. Mccabe, M. J. Smith, K. L. Hill, G. M. Rogers, K. E. Fike

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:This study utilized data from Superior Livestock Video Auction to investigate trends in the use of “natural” value-added calf programs.

Study Description:Nine years of data (2010-2018) were evaluated for enrollment trends in all natural programs and non-hormone treated cattle. Multiple regression was used to determine the relative value of calves enrolled in the non-hormone treated cattle program.

The Bottom Line:Price advantages for non-hormone treated calves may not be sufficient to justify not using growth-promoting implants on calves.

Effect Of Degree Of Doneness, Quality Grade, And Time On Instrumental Color Readings From Beef Strip Loin Steaks Cooked To Six Degrees Of Doneness, L. L. Prill, L. N. Drey, J. L. Vipham, M. D. Chao, J. M. Gonzalez, T. A. Houser, E. A. Boyle, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this study was to determine the effect of quality grade and time after cooking on the instrumental color of steaks cooked to varying degrees of doneness.

Study Description:Beef strip loins (n = 24) from 12 animals representing five quality treatments [Prime, Top Choice, Low Choice, Select, Select Enhanced (108%)] were collected. Each steak was cooked to a peak internal temperature of very-rare (130°F), rare (140°F), medium-rare (145°F), medium (160°F), well-done (170°F), or very well-done (180°F). Each cooked steak was cut in half, perpendicular to the long axis of the steak, and lightness (L*), …

Including Legumes In Wheat-Bermudagrass Pastures, L. W. Lomas, J. L. Moyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Use of legumes in wheat-bermudagrass pastures did not affect summer cow gains in 2018. Forage availability was greater (P<0.05) where nitrogen (N) alone was used than where crimson clover and ladino clover were used in the Legume system. Estimated for­age crude protein (CP) was similar (P>0.05) for the Legume and Nitrogen systems.

Effects Of Medium Chain Fatty Acid Application In Swine Feed On Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, A. B. Lerner, R. A. Cochrane, J. T. Gebhardt, S. S. Dritz, C. K. Jones, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. Bai, E. Porter, J. Anderson, P. C. Gauger, D. R. Magstadt, J. Zhang, B. Bass, T. P. Karnezos, B. De Rodas, J. C. Woodworth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) application has been identified as a promising strategy to decrease viral pathogen transmission in swine feed. Four experiments were conducted to: 1) determine if MCFAs are effective when applied to feed both prior to and after porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) inoculation measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), 2) evaluate the effects of varying amounts and combinations of MCFA measured by qRT-PCR, and 3) evaluate selected MCFA treatments in a bioassay. In Exp. 1, treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial with the main effects of chemical treatment …

Effects Of Weaning Age And Antibiotic Use On Pig Performance In A Commercial System, J. E. Faccin, M. W. Allerson, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 2,184 barrows and gilts (DNA 600 × PIC L42) were used in a study from weaning to market to evaluate the effect of increasing weaning age and antibiotic use on pig performance in a commercial production system. A 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was used. The treatments included weaning age (18.5, 21.5, or 24.5 days of age) and the use of antibiotic (AB) or antibiotic free (ABF). There were 14 replicate pens per treatment and 26 pigs per pen (13 barrows and 13 gilts). Pigs were weaned from a 4,000-sow farm and placed in pens by weaning …

Effect Of Supplementation Of Monomix And/Or Pharmacological Levels Of Zinc Oxide On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs, K. L. Batson, L. L. Thomas, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz, J. M. Derouchey, J. Bryte

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 354 pigs (DNA; 200 × 400; initial BW = 13.0 lb) were used in a 35-d growth trial to evaluate the effects of a short and medium chain fatty acid product (Monomix, Quality Technology International, Inc., Elgin, IL) added alone or in combination with pharmacological levels of ZnO on nursery pig performance. Upon arrival to the nursery research facility, pigs were randomly assigned to pens (5 pigs per pen) and pens were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 18 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects …

Alternatives To Replace The Use Of Zinc Oxide In Nursery Pig Diets, F. Laskoski, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz, J. M. Derouchey

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 300 pigs (DNA; 241 × 600; initially 10.6 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of different nutritional strategies to replace zinc oxide (ZnO) in nursery diets. At weaning, 5 pigs were allotted to each pen and pens were assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. There were 10 replicate pens per treatment. Treatments consisted of A) Positive control (ZnO providing 3,000 ppm Zn from d 0 to 7, and 2,000 ppm Zn from d 7 to 25); B) Negative control (NC; no ZnO); C) NC plus 1.2% Na diformate; D) NC …

The Effects Of Cordyceps Mushroom Powder And Purified Mushroom Beta-Glucan On Nursery Pig Performance, J. Richert, M. Thayer, C. Chastain, A. Duttlinger, J. Feldpausch, R. Garcia, B. Richert, J. L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred thirty-two gilts and barrows (18.2 d of age) weighing an average of 13.4 lb (Duroc × (York × Landrace)) were put on test for a 35-day growth trial to assess the effects ofCordycepsmushroom powder (MP) or purified mushroom beta-glucan (BG) as an antibiotic alternative in nursery diets. There were 6 diets, negative and positive controls (NC and PC), 150 and 300 ppm mushroom powder, and 150 and 300 ppm beta-glucan equivalents to the MP diets. Pigs were divided by weight, sex, litter, and assigned to 6 body weight (BW) blocks. Within BW blocks, sex ratios were …

Effect Of Viligen™, Feed Form, And Storage Time On Fumonisin Concentrations In Corn, Z. X. Rao, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, H. Calderon Cartagena

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This trial was conducted to determine the effect of Viligen^TM(Alltech, Lexington, KY), feed form (meal or pelleted) and storage time (0, 3, or 7 d) on reducing the fumonisin (FUM) concentration in diets. Three 1,000-lb batches of feed were manufactured and used as replications. Each batch was divided into 500-lb batches with or without Viligen at 0.15% of the diet. Diets were then left as a meal or pelleted and stored at room temperature for 0, 3, and 7 d to determine the reduction of FUM over time. The result indicated that there were no main or interactive …

Effects Of Soybean Meal Level On Growth Performance Of 25- To 50-Lb Nursery Pigs, H. S. Cemin, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing soybean meal (SBM) level in diets with or without 25% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance of nursery pigs raised in university or commercial facilities. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of SBM (27.5, 32.5, or 37.5% of the diet) and DDGS (0 or 25% of the diet). A total of 296, 2,502, 4,118, and 711 pigs initially 23.2, 25.7, 27.5, and 27.1 lb body weight (BW) were used in Exp. 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. There were 10, 16, …

Using Caloric Efficiency To Estimate The Energy Value Of Soybean Meal Relative To Corn And Its Effects On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs, H. S. Cemin, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experiment was conducted to estimate the energy value of soybean meal (SBM) relative to corn and determine the effects of increasing amounts of SBM in nursery pig diets. A total of 2,233 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050, Hendersonville, TN), initially 24.2 lb body weight (BW), were placed in 92 pens with 20 to 27 mixed gender pigs per pen. After weaning, pigs were fed common diets for 21 d and then assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design with BW as the blocking factor. Treatment diets consisted of 21, 27, 33, or 39% SBM, obtained by changing …

Economic Model For Optimum Standardized Total Tract Digestible Phosphorus For Finishing Pigs, C. M. Vier, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, U. A. Orlando, W. Cast, J. C. Woodworth, R. D. Goodband, J. M. Derouchey

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An adequate supply of dietary phosphorus (P) is important for pig growth performance and bone mineralization. However, P represents the third most expensive nutrient in swine diets after energy and protein and can greatly affect diet cost. Therefore, the objective of this project was to develop a tool to compare current dietary standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P concentrations to suggested values that yield maximum growth performance while accounting for different financial scenarios. The phosphorus economic tool is a Microsoft Excel-based model that evaluates the user’s current dietary STTD P concentrations for a specific production system and market conditions. The …

Effects Of Diet Formulation And Supplementation Of An Algoclay Complex-Based Feed Additive In Grow-Finish Diets On Pig Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics, L. Del Tuffo, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding an algoclay complex- based feed additive (ACC, Olmix Group, Brehan, France) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs fed two different diet formulation regimens. A total of 1,188 pigs (PIC; 337 × 1050; initially 111.6 lb) were used in a 90-d study. Pens were blocked by initial weight and randomly assigned to diets with 11 pens per treatment and 27 pigs per pen. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of ACC addition (none or 0.1% until 220 lb and …

Evaluating Soybean Meal Quality Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, K. M. Dunmire, J. Dhakal, K. Stringfellow, C. R. Stark, C. B. Paulk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to establish a range of soybean meal quality to evaluate the correlations between official analytical methods and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Crushed soybean white flakes (Mark Hershey Farms, Lebanon, PA) exposed to mechanical oil extraction, but not heat processing, were used in this experiment. Ground samples (500 g) were put into cotton bags and autoclaved at 262°F for 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min at 29 PSI. This was done to simulate varying degrees of heat processing. A total of 2 samples per treatment were autoclaved in 3 separate blocks. The …

Are My Dry Cows Heat-Stressed? A Novel Approach To Assess Heat Stress Of Dry Cows In Commercial Dairy Herds, A. L. Scanavez, C. A. Gamarra, R. S. De Oliveira, L. G. Mendonça

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Heat stress during the dry period causes major economic losses to the dairy industry. However, limited research exists regarding responses of dry cows exposed to various temperature and relative humidity gradients. In addition, no validated methods are currently available to assess heat stress in dry cows. The goals of this study were to describe core body temperature (CBT) responses of dry cows according to a variety of temperature-humidity index (THI) values, and develop and validate a practical method to assess heat stress in dry cows in commercial dairy herds. This study was comprised of 2 parts. In the first part …

Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Alters The Mrna Cytokine Profile From Mouse Macrophages Challenged With Streptococcus Uberis, T. H. Swartz, L. K. Mamedova, B. J. Bradford

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to determine if β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) altered inflammatory responses in macrophages challenged with a common mastitis pathogen,Streptococcus uberis. Mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7 line) were cultured either in the presence or absence of BHB for 24 h, and then challenged or not withS. uberis. Relative transcript abundance of cell membrane receptors (TLR2 and GPR109a), cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, TNFα, and TGFβ), and chemokines (CXCL2 and CCL5) were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and normalized against the geometric mean of HPRT and B2M.Streptococcus uberisactivated the macrophages, noted by greater …

Effects Of Two Commercial Supplemental Fat Products On Body Condition Score And Cow- And Herd-Level Milk Yield And Composition In A Commercial Dairy Herd In Kansas, A. L. Scanavez, C. A. Gamarra, R. S. De Oliveira, L. G. Mendonça

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Feeding fat supplements to lactating dairy cows is an effective strategy to increase energy density of rations and increase milk yield. However, it is not clear whether supplementing a specific fat supplement for the entire lactating herd provides better results than others in commercial dairy herds. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of fat supplementation with two commercial products on changes in body condition score (BCS) and cow- and herd-level milk production and composition in a large commercial dairy herd. The study was conducted in a herd milking approximately 1,500 Holstein cows. One of two treatments …

Visual Degree Of Doneness Has An Impact On Palatability Ratings Of Consumers Who Had Differing Degree Of Doneness Preferences, L. L. Prill, L. N. Drey, J. L. Vipham, M. D. Chao, J. M. Gonzalez, T. A. Houser, E. A. Boyle, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of this study was to determine the impact of feeding consumers of varying degree of doneness preferences steaks cooked to multiple degrees of doneness on their perceptions of beef palatability.

Study Description:Paired Low Choice frozen steaks from the posterior half of the strip loin were randomly assigned a degree of doneness of rare (140°F), medium-rare (145°F), medium (160°F), medium-well (165°F), or well-done (170°F). Consumer panelists, prescreened to participate in panels based on their degree of doneness preference, were served steak samples cooked to each of the five degrees of doneness under low-intensity red incandescent …

Acknowledgments, E. A. Boyle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Listed below are individuals, organizations, and firms that have contributed to the beef research program through financial support, product donations, or services.

Cattlemen's Day 2019, E. A. Boyle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Report for 2019 on Kansas beef cattle research, including cattle management, cattle nutrition, and meat science.

Cattle Preference For Annual Forages, J. K. Farney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Many plant species that are available to use as cover crops also have potential as for­age for cattle. With this array of options it can be daunting to decide which plants to establish to meet goals as either a cover crop, forage, or for both. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the annual forages fed to cattle in the fall, winter, or sum­mer that cattle preferred. To summarize, grasses were the most highly preferred forage for cattle regardless of grazing period. Low glucosinolate brassicas such as ‘Graza’ forage radish was the most highly preferred brassica that was …

Southeast Research And Extension Center Agricultural Research 2019, L. W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Report on agricultural research performed at Southeast Research and Extension Center. Full book to view.

Effects Of Oceanfeed Swine Feed Additive On Performance Of Sows And Their Offspring, L. Del Tuffo, F. Laskoski, C. M. Vier, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, L. A. Constance, M. Niederwerder, E. Arkfeldt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Oceanfeed Swine^TMfeed additive on sows and their offspring performance. Oceanfeed Swine is a product created by drying and blending a selected mix of brown, red, and green seaweeds (Ocean Harvest Technology, Galway, Ireland). A total of 28 sows (DNA 241, DNA Genetics, Columbus, NE) and litters were used from d 30 of gestation until weaning (d 20 of lactation). Treatments consisted of providing a control diet (n = 14 sows) or the Oceanfeed Swine diet (n = 14 sows) added at 0.5% of complete diet in …

Effects Of High Phytase Supplementation In Lactation Diets On Sow And Litter Performance, K. L. Batson, H. Calderon Cartagena, R. D. Goodband, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. M. Derouchey

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 109 sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) were used in a study to evaluate the effect of increasing phytase concentration in lactating sow diets on farrowing duration, and sow and litter performance. On d 107 of gestation, sows were blocked by body weight and parity and allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments of increasing phytase concentration (0, 1,000, or 3,000 FTU/kg; Ronozyme HiPhos 2700; DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Parsippany, NJ). The control diet contained no phytase and was formulated to contain 0.50% standardized total tract digestible phosphorus (STTD P; 0.45% available P) and 0.62% STTD calcium …

Effect Of Fumonisin-Contaminated Corn On Growth Performance Of 20- To 60-Lb Nursery Pigs, Z. X. Rao, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, H. Calderon Cartagena

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding fumonisin (FUM) contaminated corn on growth performance of 20- to 60-lb nursery pigs. A total of 350 pigs (241 × 600; DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 19.6 lb) were used. Dietary treatments consisted of FUM-contaminated corn blended with relatively FUM-free corn to provide toxin (FB1 + FB2) of 7.2, 14.7, 21.9, 32.7, and 35.1 ppm. Experimental diets were fed in mash form for 28 d. There were 5 pigs per pen and 14 replicates per treatment. After weaning, pigs were fed common diets for 21 days before the experiment started. Then, …

Efficacy Of Commercial Products On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs Fed Diets With Fumonisin-Contaminated Corn, Z. X. Rao, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, H. Calderon Cartagena

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of various commercial products on growth performance of 20- to 50-lb nursery pigs fed diets high in fumonisin (FUM) concentration. In Exp. 1, a total of 350 pigs (241 × 600; DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 21.8 lb) were used. There were 5 pigs per pen and 14 replicates per treatment. After weaning, pigs were fed common diets for 21 d before the experiment started. Five dietary treatments were utilized and consisted of a positive control (low FUM), a negative control (approximately 50 to 60 ppm of FUM), and 3 other treatments as …

Determining The Effects Of Tryptophan Biomass On Growth Performance Of 25- To 50-Lb Nursery Pigs, M. R. Wensley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, K. D. Haydon

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 315 barrows (DNA; 200 × 400; initially 24.9 lb) were used in a 21-d growth trial evaluating the effects of feeding TRP Pro (CJ America-Bio, Downers Grove, IL) as a source of Trp on nursery pig performance. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age, placed in pens based on initial body weight (BW), and fed common starter diets for 21 d. On d 21 after weaning, considered d 0 of the study, pigs were weighed and pens were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 15 or 16 pens …

Effect Of Phase-Feeding Strategies On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs: Strategies To Reduce Dietary Phases Using A Field Approach On Lysine Levels, M. B. Menegat, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether simplification of phase-feeding strategies using a field approach with lysine specifications slightly below the estimated requirement for maximum growth rate is possible without compromising overall performance and carcass characteristics of grow-finish pigs. A total of 1,188 pigs (PIC; 359 × 1050; initially 63.5 lb body weight (BW)) were used in a randomized complete block design with 27 pigs per pen and 11 pens per treatment under commercial research conditions. Treatments consisted of four feeding programs with lysine specifications set at 98.5% of estimated requirements for maximum growth rate and 97.5% of …

Evaluation Of High Amylase Corn On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Pigs, P. Ochonski, F. Wu, E. Arkfeld, J. M. Lattimer, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 288 pigs (Line 600 × 241, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 91.5 lb) were used in an 82-d trial to determine if replacing conventional yellow dent corn with high amylase corn (Enogen^®, Syngenta Seeds, LLC) in diets with or without distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) influences growth performance and carcass characteristics. Pens contained 8 pigs with an equal number of barrows and gilts. There were 9 pens per treatment with pens assigned randomly to treatments balancing for initial body weight. Diets were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with two corn sources (conventional or …