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Animal Sciences

Kansas State University Libraries

1997

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Planning A Dairy Expansion (1997), John F. Smith Jan 1997

Planning A Dairy Expansion (1997), John F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Dairy farm size is increasing in all regions of the United States. In two of the largest dairy states, California and Wisconsin, mean herd sizes have increased 950% and 250%, respectively, since 1950. Dairy herds of 500 cows are common in all areas of the United States, and herds over 1,500 cows are common in the West producand Southeast. Many dairy operations are considering expansion of existing facilities or construction of new facilities to increase efficiencyor profitability. Before adding cows or facilities, dairy producers may want to answer the following questions: 1) How can I improve the efficiency of the …

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Managing The Nutrition Program For Cow Comfort (1997), James R. Dunham Jan 1997

Managing The Nutrition Program For Cow Comfort (1997), James R. Dunham

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Comfortable cows are contented cows. However, cows may be comfortable in their environment but also experience some discomfort because of the nutrition program. A good nutritional management program will improve desircow comfort by providing: 1) the proper balance of nutrients for efficient production; 2) buffers for high energy rations to prevent acidosis and consore feet; 3) rations in which grain cannot be consumed too rapidly; 4) rations with proper amounts of nonfiber carbohydrate; 5) highest quality forages during hot weather; 6) additional moisture in total mixed rations during hot weather; 7) a readily available water source; and 8) a bunk …

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Expeller Soybean Meal As A Source Of Rumen Undegradable Protein For Lactating Dairy Cows (1997), John E. Shirley, D. Piehl, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel Jan 1997

Expeller Soybean Meal As A Source Of Rumen Undegradable Protein For Lactating Dairy Cows (1997), John E. Shirley, D. Piehl, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The loss of meat and bone meal as a source of high quality protein for lactating cows creates an increased need for nonanimal sources. Fifty six Holstein cows were used to evaluate expeller soybean meal as a source of rumen undegradable intake (by-pass) protein for high producing cows. Expeller soybean meal tended to improve 3.5% contain fat-corrected milk yield and increased milk fat percentage relative to diets containing either solvent soybean meal or a meat and bone meal:blood meal mixture. In contrast, the protein percentage in milk was depressed significantly when cows were fed expeller soybean meal compared to animal …

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Roundup 1997 Jan 1997

Roundup 1997

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Roundup is the major beef cattle education and outreach event sponsored by the Agricultural Research Center-Hays. The purpose is to communicate timely, applicable research information to producers and extension personnel. The research program of the Agricultural Research Center-Hays is dedicated to serving the people of Kansas by developing new knowledge and technology to stabilize and sustain long-term production of food and fiber in a manner consistent with conservation of natural resources, protection of the environment, and assurance of food safety. Primary emphasis is on production efficiency through optimization of inputs in order to increase profit margins for producers in the …

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Liquid Smoke Effects On Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Beef Trimmings And Ground Beef Patties (1997), R. Estrada-Munoz, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, James L. Marsden Jan 1997

Liquid Smoke Effects On Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Beef Trimmings And Ground Beef Patties (1997), R. Estrada-Munoz, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, James L. Marsden

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Liquid smoke (LS) reduce d Escherichia coli O157:H7 counts in inoculated beef trimmings and ground beef patties. The counts were reduced (P<.05) by .5 log 10 cfu/g immediately after beef trimmings were treated with 8% LS and by 1.2, 2.0, 1.6, and 2.3 log 10 cfu/g after the trimmings were formed into patties and tested or stored under refrigeration for 1, 2, and 3 days, respectively (2 log10 reduction represents 99%) Thus, LS could make beef-containing products safer with respect to foodborne pathogens.

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Economic Impact Of Preweaning Vaccinations On Health And Performance Of Weaned Feeder Cattle (1997), J.M. Lynch, P.L. Houghton, L.R. Corah, Gerald L. Stokka Jan 1997

Economic Impact Of Preweaning Vaccinations On Health And Performance Of Weaned Feeder Cattle (1997), J.M. Lynch, P.L. Houghton, L.R. Corah, Gerald L. Stokka

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In October, 1995, 3,565 head of freshly weaned, British-breed calves were received into a weaning facility in southwest Nebraska. Calves were determined to be preconditioned if they had received both viral an d Pasteurella vaccines prior to weaning (PREWEAN; n = 2,315), and all other calves were considered to have no preconditioning (CRTL; n = 1,250). Cattle were processed within 24 hours of arrival, and booster vaccinations were given when appropriate. Average days on feed at the weaning facility were similar between PREWEAN and CTRL calves (52.4 and 50.3 days, respectively), but average daily gain (2.24 vs 1.87 kb) and …

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Effect Of Revalor-G On The Performance Of Stocker Heifers Grazing Irrigated, Smooth Bromegrass Pasture For A Full Season (1997), Gerry L. Kuhl, M.D. Reynolds, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Dale A. Blasi Jan 1997

Effect Of Revalor-G On The Performance Of Stocker Heifers Grazing Irrigated, Smooth Bromegrass Pasture For A Full Season (1997), Gerry L. Kuhl, M.D. Reynolds, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 150-day field study was conducted to evaluate single vs. reimplant strategies for stocker heifers grazing irrigated smooth bromegrass . Three hundred forty-three previously nonimplanted British crossbred heifers averaging 494 lb were assigned to one of seven treatments: 1) no implant-control (NC), 2) Revalor-G® (REVG), 3) Ralgro® (RAL), 4) Synovex-H® (SYNH), 5) REVG/REVG, 6) RAL/RAL, and 7) SYNH/SYNH. Reimplanting (Treatments 5, 6 , and 7) was done on day 75 of the trial. In the first 75 days, all implants increased (P<.05) average daily gain (ADG) compared to NC. For the last 75 days (days 75 through 150), heifers implanted with REVG, REVG/REVG, RAL/RAL, and SYNH gained faster (P<.05) than NC or those implanted with RAL, and SYNH/SYNH. No significant differences occur red among the latter three treatments. Over the entire trial, there was no advantage to reimplanting heifers with REVG or RAL. SYNH/ SYNH heifers gained less (P<.05) than their single -implanted counterparts.

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Protein Requirements Of Growing Steers Limit-Fed Corn-Based Diets (1997), R.H. Wessels, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1997

Protein Requirements Of Growing Steers Limit-Fed Corn-Based Diets (1997), R.H. Wessels, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seven steers (513 lb) were used in an experiment to investigate optimal levels and sources of protein in diets limit-fed to allow gain of 2.2 lb/day. Treatments were: a negative-control diet (urea; supplemented, 11.7% crude protein) and six diets containing either 13.5, 15.4, or 17.2% crude protein with either solvent-extracted (SSBM) or expeller-processed (ESBM) soybean meal, in which the soybean meal replaced corn in the control diet. Diets provided 75, 87.5, 100, or 112.5% of estimated crude protein requirement for a gain of 2.2 lb/day. The basal diet contained 83% rolled corn, 15% alfalfa , and .2% urea. Nitrogen (N) …

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The Effects Of Supplementation Frequency And Amount Of Urea In Dry Supplements On Intake And Digestibility Of Low-Quality Tallgrass-Prairie Forage By Beef Steers (1997), B.C. Woods, R.C. Cochran, C.P. Mathis, J.S. Heldt, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1997

The Effects Of Supplementation Frequency And Amount Of Urea In Dry Supplements On Intake And Digestibility Of Low-Quality Tallgrass-Prairie Forage By Beef Steers (1997), B.C. Woods, R.C. Cochran, C.P. Mathis, J.S. Heldt, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixteen ruminally fistulated steers were used to evaluate the effects of altering supplementation frequency and including urea in dry supplements on forage intake and digestion. Intake of low-quality tallgrass-prairie hay was not affected by supplementation frequency or by the inclusion of urea. Supplementing cattle less frequently resulted in a decrease in diet digestion. However, we observed a slight trend for reduced supplementation frequency to exert a greater impact when cattle were fed supplements that contained urea.

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Feathermeal/Bloodmeal Liquid Suspensions For Calves Grazing Winter Wheat Pasture (1997), Gerry L. Kuhl, G.E. Jr. Levalley, G.D. Mccormack, Dale A. Blasi, James S. Drouillard, Glenn E. Newdigger Jan 1997

Feathermeal/Bloodmeal Liquid Suspensions For Calves Grazing Winter Wheat Pasture (1997), Gerry L. Kuhl, G.E. Jr. Levalley, G.D. Mccormack, Dale A. Blasi, James S. Drouillard, Glenn E. Newdigger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A field study was conducted over 2 years at four different locations in south central Kansas to compare a feathermeal/bloodmeal (ESCAPE) liquid suspension to a molasses-based liquid supplement (ENERGY) and a dry mineral supplement (CONTROL) on the liveweight gain of 768 calves grazing wheat pasture. No significant differences occurred in supplement intake between ESCAPE and ENERGY across years (P=.88). Offering a liquid supplement containing either ES CAPE or ENERGY did not improve (P=.91) growth performance relative to CONTROL calves.

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Effect Of Bacterial Inoculants On The Fermentation And Preservation Efficiencies And Nutritive Value Of Alfalfa Silage For Growing Steers (1997), K.K. Bolsen, G.L. Huck, M.K. Siefers, J.E. Turner, S.A. Anderson, J.S. Pendergraft, Matthew A. Young, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1997

Effect Of Bacterial Inoculants On The Fermentation And Preservation Efficiencies And Nutritive Value Of Alfalfa Silage For Growing Steers (1997), K.K. Bolsen, G.L. Huck, M.K. Siefers, J.E. Turner, S.A. Anderson, J.S. Pendergraft, Matthew A. Young, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two silage bacterial inoculants from Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. were evaluated using second-cutting alfalfa. The Pioneer brand 1174® inoculant and a Pioneer experimental inoculant each increased the rate and efficiency of the ensiling process in both farm-scale and laboratory-scale silos. The two inoculants increase d the DM recovery in the farm-scale silos compared to the untreated silage. Steers fed the experimental inoculant-treated silage gained faster (P<. 10) (2.56 vs. 2.37 lb per day), had a 4.0% higher DM intake, and were 4.3% more efficient than steers fed the untreated silage. The 1174-treated silage supported a numerically but not statistically better steer performance than the control silage. When the DM recovery results were combined with the feed per gain results, the silages with 1174 and experimental inoculant produced 5.3 and 10.5 lb more steer gain per ton of crop ensiled, respectively, than the control silage.

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Economics Of Sealing Horizontal Silos (1997), G.L. Huck, J.E. Turner, M.K. Siefers, B.E. Brent, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1997

Economics Of Sealing Horizontal Silos (1997), G.L. Huck, J.E. Turner, M.K. Siefers, B.E. Brent, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Determining the value of silage saved by effectively sealing a horizontal silo requires only a few simple calculations, but it is still a concept that is often overlooked by many livestock producers who store large amounts of silage in that manner. Kansas produces about 3.0 million tons of silage annually, primarily from corn and sorghum. A majority of this silage is made and stored in either bunker, trench, or "drive-over" pile silos . Only 20 to 30% of these silos are sealed after filling. Producers who do not seal need to take a second look at the economics of this …

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The Effect Of Stage Of Maturity On The Nutritive Value Of Smooth Bromegrass And Eastern Gamagrass Silages (1997), J.E. Turner, M.K. Siefers, G.L. Huck, S.A. Anderson, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young Jan 1997

The Effect Of Stage Of Maturity On The Nutritive Value Of Smooth Bromegrass And Eastern Gamagrass Silages (1997), J.E. Turner, M.K. Siefers, G.L. Huck, S.A. Anderson, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Early- and late-harvested smooth bromegrass and eastern gamagrass silages and fourthcutting alfalfa silage were compared in two, 20- day voluntary intake and digestion trials. Visual appraisal and pH values indicated that all five forages were well preserved as silage. Voluntary intake tended to be higher for sheep fed bromegrass and alfalfa silages compared to those fed gamagrasssil ages. The late-harvested gamagrass silage had the lowest DM intake in both periods. Dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities were generally similar for the two grasses within the early- and late-harvested silages. Chemical analyses indicated that the two bromegrass silages …

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Rapid Nutrient Evaluation Of Sorghum Silages Using Two Types Of Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (1997), K.J. Budiongo, L.H. Harbers, B.W. Seabourn, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent Jan 1997

Rapid Nutrient Evaluation Of Sorghum Silages Using Two Types Of Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (1997), K.J. Budiongo, L.H. Harbers, B.W. Seabourn, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This research was designed to develop a set of prediction equations to measure nutrient composition of Kansas sorghum silages using both a portable and a research type near-infrared spectrometer (NIRS). A robust set of equations for dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber was developed for a wide range of sorghum phenotypes . NIRS analysis of sorghum silages is feasible with both a tilting filter (portable) and research instrument with a grating monochrometer.

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Reproductive Performance Of Replacement Heifers Implanted As Young Calves Or At Weaning (1997), L.R. Corah, A.R. Spell, D.L. Cook, M.D. Butine, K. Anderson, David M. Grieger Jan 1997

Reproductive Performance Of Replacement Heifers Implanted As Young Calves Or At Weaning (1997), L.R. Corah, A.R. Spell, D.L. Cook, M.D. Butine, K. Anderson, David M. Grieger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study evaluated the effect of implanting potential replacement heifers (n=548) with Component E-C® (10 mg of estradiol and 100 mg of progesterone) between 45 and 120 days of age or at weaning (200 days of age) on future reproductive performance. Trials were conducted at five ranches in Kansas and one in Nebraska. At each location, heifers were allotted to three treatments: no implant (Control), one implant at 45 to 120 days of age (Early- IMP), or one implant at 2 00 days of age (Wean- IMP). No differences were detected among treatments for first service conception rate (55%), overall …

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