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State and Local Government Law Commons™
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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in State and Local Government Law
Silent Today, Conversant Tomorrow: Education Adequacy As A Political Question, Yeju Hwang
Silent Today, Conversant Tomorrow: Education Adequacy As A Political Question, Yeju Hwang
Northwestern University Law Review
When the Supreme Court declined to recognize the right to education as one fundamental to liberty, and thus unprotected by the U.S. Constitution, state courts took on the mantle as the next best fora for those yearning for judicial review of inequities present in American public schools. The explicit inclusion of the right to education in each state’s constitution carried the torch of optimism into the late twentieth century. Despite half a century of litigation in the states, the condition of the nation’s public school system remains troubling and perhaps increasingly falls short of expectations. Less competitive on an international …
Article Iii And The Political Question Doctrine, Scott Dodson
Article Iii And The Political Question Doctrine, Scott Dodson
Northwestern University Law Review
Courts and commentators have often sourced the political question doctrine in Article III, a repository of other separation-of-powers doctrines applicable to the federal courts. Rucho v. Common Cause, a blockbuster political question case decided in 2019, explicitly tied the doctrine to Article III. But the historical development of the doctrine undermines the depth of that connection. Further, sourcing the doctrine in Article III leads to some very odd effects, including leaving state courts free to answer federal political questions. This Article argues that the source of the political question doctrine is in substantive law, not in Article III. Such …
New Federalism And Civil Rights Enforcement, Alexander Reinert, Joanna C. Schwartz, James E. Pfander
New Federalism And Civil Rights Enforcement, Alexander Reinert, Joanna C. Schwartz, James E. Pfander
Northwestern University Law Review
Calls for change to the infrastructure of civil rights enforcement have grown more insistent in the past several years, attracting support from a wide range of advocates, scholars, and federal, state, and local officials. Much of the attention has focused on federal-level reforms, including proposals to overrule Supreme Court doctrines that stop many civil rights lawsuits in their tracks. But state and local officials share responsibility for the enforcement of civil rights and have underappreciated powers to adopt reforms of their own. This Article evaluates a range of state and local interventions, including the adoption of state law causes of …
Racialized Tax Inequity: Wealth, Racism, And The U.S. System Of Taxation, Palma Joy Strand, Nicholas A. Mirkay
Racialized Tax Inequity: Wealth, Racism, And The U.S. System Of Taxation, Palma Joy Strand, Nicholas A. Mirkay
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
This Article describes the connection between wealth inequality and the increasing structural racism in the U.S. tax system since the 1980s. A long-term sociological view (the why) reveals the historical racialization of wealth and a shift in the tax system overall beginning around 1980 to protect and exacerbate wealth inequality, which has been fueled by racial animus and anxiety. A critical tax view (the how) highlights a shift over the same time period at both federal and state levels from taxes on wealth, to taxes on income, and then to taxes on consumption—from greater to less progressivity. Both of these …
Environmental Justice In Little Village: A Case For Reforming Chicago’S Zoning Law, Charles Isaacs
Environmental Justice In Little Village: A Case For Reforming Chicago’S Zoning Law, Charles Isaacs
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
Chicago’s Little Village community bears the heavy burden of environmental injustice and racism. The residents are mostly immigrants and people of color who live with low levels of income, limited access to healthcare, and disproportionate levels of dangerous air pollution. Before its retirement, Little Village’s Crawford coal-burning power plant was the lead source of air pollution, contributing to 41 deaths, 550 emergency room visits, and 2,800 asthma attacks per year. After the plant’s retirement, community members wanted a say on the future use of the lot, only to be closed out when a corporation, Hilco Redevelopment Partners, bought the lot …
Screened Out Of Housing: The Impact Of Misleading Tenant Screening Reports And The Potential For Criminal Expungement As A Model For Effectively Sealing Evictions, Katelyn Polk
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
Having an eviction record “blacklists” tenants from finding future housing. Even renters with mere eviction filings—not eviction orders—on their records face the harsh collateral consequences of eviction. This Note argues that eviction records should be sealed at filing and only released into the public record if a landlord prevails in court. Juvenile record expungement mechanisms in Illinois serve as a model for one way to protect people with eviction records. Recent updates to the Illinois juvenile expungement process provided for the automatic expungement of certain records and strengthened the confidentiality protections of juvenile records. Illinois protects juvenile records because it …
Stepping Into The Shoes Of The Department Of Justice: The Unusual, Necessary, And Hopeful Path The Illinois Attorney General Took To Require Police Reform In Chicago, Lisa Madigan, Cara Hendrickson, Karyn L. Bass Ehler
Stepping Into The Shoes Of The Department Of Justice: The Unusual, Necessary, And Hopeful Path The Illinois Attorney General Took To Require Police Reform In Chicago, Lisa Madigan, Cara Hendrickson, Karyn L. Bass Ehler
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
The Pursuit Of Comprehensive Education Funding Reform Via Litigation, Lisa Scruggs
The Pursuit Of Comprehensive Education Funding Reform Via Litigation, Lisa Scruggs
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
Panel Discussion: The Right To Education: With Liberty, Justice, And Education For All?
Panel Discussion: The Right To Education: With Liberty, Justice, And Education For All?
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
A Class Action Lawsuit For The Right To A Minimum Education In Detroit, Carter G. Phillips
A Class Action Lawsuit For The Right To A Minimum Education In Detroit, Carter G. Phillips
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
Private Prisons, Private Governance: Essay On Developments In Private-Sector Resistance To Privatized Immigration Detention, Danielle C. Jefferis
Private Prisons, Private Governance: Essay On Developments In Private-Sector Resistance To Privatized Immigration Detention, Danielle C. Jefferis
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
Preschool For All: Plyler V. Doe In The Context Of Early Childhood Education, Shiva Kooragayala
Preschool For All: Plyler V. Doe In The Context Of Early Childhood Education, Shiva Kooragayala
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
In its 1982 opinion in Plyler v. Doe, the Supreme Court held that a state could not deny undocumented children living within its borders a public and free K-12 education. This Note argues that Plyler’s protections extend to publicly-funded early childhood education programs that serve children between the ages of three and five. Due to the broad support of researchers, educators, and the general public, early childhood education programs funded by local, state, and the federal governments have become an integral part of a comprehensive public education today. While these early childhood education programs are nominally open to all students …
Forgotten Limits On The Power To Amend State Constitutions, Jonathan L. Marshfield
Forgotten Limits On The Power To Amend State Constitutions, Jonathan L. Marshfield
Northwestern University Law Review
There seem to be no limits on what can pass through state constitutional amendment procedures. State amendments have targeted vulnerable minorities, deeply entrenched specific fiscal strategies, and profoundly restructured institutions. The malleability of state constitutions is significant because in many states there are legitimate fears that special interests dominate amendment politics, and that fundamental change is occurring with minimal opportunities for constructive deliberation or inclusive participation. The state doctrine of “referendum sovereignty” is a key condition fueling this dynamic. The doctrine holds that there are no substantive limits on any state amendment processes so long as amendments comply with federal …
A Lesson From Goodfellas: Why Current Illinois Consideration Based Pension Reform Proposals Still Fail, Lari A. Dierks
A Lesson From Goodfellas: Why Current Illinois Consideration Based Pension Reform Proposals Still Fail, Lari A. Dierks
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
Soda Taxes As A Legal And Social Movement, David A. Dana, Janice Nadler
Soda Taxes As A Legal And Social Movement, David A. Dana, Janice Nadler
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy
No abstract provided.
School Desegregation 2.0: What Is Required To Finally Integrate America's Public Schools, Jim Hilbert
School Desegregation 2.0: What Is Required To Finally Integrate America's Public Schools, Jim Hilbert
Northwestern Journal of Human Rights
No abstract provided.
Reforming School Discipline, Derek W. Black
Reforming School Discipline, Derek W. Black
Northwestern University Law Review
Public schools suspend millions of students each year, but less than ten percent of suspensions are for serious misbehavior. School leaders argue that these suspensions ensure an orderly educational environment for those students who remain. Social science demonstrates the opposite. The practice of regularly suspending students negatively affects misbehaving students as well as innocent bystanders. All things being equal, schools that manage student behavior through means other than suspension produce the highest achieving students. In this respect, the quality of education a school provides is closely connected to its discipline policies.
Reformers have largely overlooked the connection between discipline and …
In States We "Trust": Self-Settled Trusts, Public Policy, And Interstate Federalism, Brendan Duffy
In States We "Trust": Self-Settled Trusts, Public Policy, And Interstate Federalism, Brendan Duffy
Northwestern University Law Review
Over the last twenty years, domestic asset protection trusts have risen in popularity as a means of estate planning and asset protection. A domestic asset protection trust is an irrevocable trust formed under state law which enables an independent trustee to allocate money to a class of
persons, which includes the settlor.
Since Alaska first enacted domestic asset protection legislation in 1997, fifteen states have followed its lead. The case law over the last twenty years addressing these trust mechanisms has, however, been surprisingly sparse. A Washington bankruptcy court decision, In re Huber, altered this drought, but caused more confusion …
A Free Speech Response To The Gay Rights/Religious Liberty Conflict, Andrew Koppelman
A Free Speech Response To The Gay Rights/Religious Liberty Conflict, Andrew Koppelman
Northwestern University Law Review
The most sensible reconciliation of the tension between religious liberty and public accommodations law, in the recent cases involving merchants with religious objections to same-sex marriage, would permit business owners to present their views to the world, but forbid them either to threaten to discriminate or to treat any individual customer worse than others. Even if such businesses have no statutory right to refuse to facilitate ceremonies they regard as immoral, they are unlikely to be asked to participate in those ceremonies. This solution may, however, be forbidden by the law of hostile environment harassment. That raises a severe free …
Originalism And Loving V. Virginia, Steven G. Calabresi, Andrea Matthews
Originalism And Loving V. Virginia, Steven G. Calabresi, Andrea Matthews
Faculty Working Papers
This article makes an originalist argument in defense of the Supreme Court's holding in Loving v. Virginia that antimiscegenation laws are unconstitutional. This article builds on past work by Professor Michael McConnell defending Brown v. Board of Education on originalist grounds and by Professor Calabresi defending strict scrutiny for gender classifications on originalist grounds. Professor Calabresi's work in this area was defended and praise recently by Slate magazine online. The article shows that Loving v. Virginia is defensible using the public meaning originalism advocated for by Justices Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas. This article shows that the issue in Loving …