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Articles 1 - 30 of 162
Full-Text Articles in Securities Law
Crowdfunding Signals, Darian M. Ibrahim
Crowdfunding Without The Crowd, Darian M. Ibrahim
Crowdfunding Without The Crowd, Darian M. Ibrahim
Darian M. Ibrahim
No abstract provided.
Securities Law Research Guide, Adeen Postar
Securities And Commerical Law Research, Adeen Postar
Securities And Commerical Law Research, Adeen Postar
Adeen Postar
No abstract provided.
The Meaning Of Capital In The Twenty-First Century, Edward J. Mccaffery
The Meaning Of Capital In The Twenty-First Century, Edward J. Mccaffery
Edward J McCaffery
America is on a path towards a level of both wealth and income inequality unparalleled in recorded history. Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century summarizes and conveys the work of Piketty and many co-authors, over many decades, looking at the structure of income and wealth inequality across many nations and centuries. This review essay builds on Piketty’s ambitions as well as his data, in order to put forth a better solution: one that accepts and even embraces the facts of unequal ownership of capital, but changes the social meaning of those facts to avoid the social harms that follow …
Notes From The Border: Writing Across The Administrative Law/Financial Regulation Divide, Robert B. Ahdieh
Notes From The Border: Writing Across The Administrative Law/Financial Regulation Divide, Robert B. Ahdieh
Robert B. Ahdieh
A central feature – if not the central feature – of legal scholarship today is analysis across divides.
It is surprising, then, how little has been written across the divide that separates administrative law and financial regulation. That is perhaps especially so, given the modest nature of the relevant divide: one that is intra- rather than interdisciplinary, one that operates within rather than across geographic boundaries, and one that involves no temporal dimension but operates entirely within current-day law.
For all the proximity in their interests, targets of study, and even analytical tools, however, scholars of administrative law and of …
Comment On Whistling Loud And Clear: Applying Chevron To Subsection 21f Of Dodd–Frank, Sarah C. Haan
Comment On Whistling Loud And Clear: Applying Chevron To Subsection 21f Of Dodd–Frank, Sarah C. Haan
Sarah Haan
No abstract provided.
A New Coalescence In The Housing Finance Reform Debate?, Patricia Mccoy, Susan Wachter
A New Coalescence In The Housing Finance Reform Debate?, Patricia Mccoy, Susan Wachter
Patricia A. McCoy
This policy brief examines recent proposals for reform of the housing finance system.
Representations And Warranties: Why They Did Not Stop The Crisis, Patricia Mccoy, Susan Wachter
Representations And Warranties: Why They Did Not Stop The Crisis, Patricia Mccoy, Susan Wachter
Patricia A. McCoy
During the run-up to the 2008 financial crisis, representations and warranties (contractual statements enforceable through legal action) may have given investors false assurance that mortgage loans were being properly underwritten. This assurance in turn may have contributed to overinvestment in mortgage-backed securities in two ways. First, the assumption that legally enforceable penalties associated with reps and warranties would deter lax underwriting may have led to less monitoring of these contracts than would otherwise have occurred. In turn, the lack of monitoring of actual underwriting practices enabled the spread of lax lending practices. The existence of these reps and warranties and …
Investment Treaties Are About Justice, Frank J. Garcia
Investment Treaties Are About Justice, Frank J. Garcia
Frank J. Garcia
This Perspective argues that investment law is ripe for a paradigm shift away from pure capital protection. Rather, investment law should be recognized as part of a comprehensive global economic governance system for ensuring justice and the rule of law, in this case in the allocation of investment capital.
Integration Of Securities Offerings: Obstacles To Capital Formation Remain For Small Businesses, Perry E. Wallace, Jr.
Integration Of Securities Offerings: Obstacles To Capital Formation Remain For Small Businesses, Perry E. Wallace, Jr.
Perry Wallace
No abstract provided.
Integration Of Securities Offerings: Obstacles To Capital Formation Remain For Small Businesses, Perry E. Wallace, Jr.
Integration Of Securities Offerings: Obstacles To Capital Formation Remain For Small Businesses, Perry E. Wallace, Jr.
Perry Wallace
No abstract provided.
Financial Hospitals: Defending The Fed’S Role As A Market Maker Of Last Resort, José Gabilondo
Financial Hospitals: Defending The Fed’S Role As A Market Maker Of Last Resort, José Gabilondo
José Gabilondo
During the last financial crisis, what should the Federal Reserve (the Fed) have done when lenders stopped making loans, even to borrowers with sterling credit and strong collateral? Because the central bank is the last resort for funding, the conventional answer had been to lend freely at a penalty rate against good collateral, as Walter Bagehot suggested in 1873 about the Bank of England. Acting thus as a lender of last resort, the central bank will keep solvent banks liquid but let insolvent banks go out of business, as they should. The Fed tried this, but when the conventional wisdom …
Single-Firm Event Studies, Securities Fraud, And Financial Crisis: Problems Of Inference, Andrew Baker
Single-Firm Event Studies, Securities Fraud, And Financial Crisis: Problems Of Inference, Andrew Baker
Andrew Baker
Lawsuits brought pursuant to section 10(b) of the Securities and Exchange Actdepend on the reliability of a statistical tool called an event study to adjudicate issues ofreliance, materiality, loss causation, and damages. Although judicial acceptance of theevent study technique is pervasive, there has been little empirical analysis of the ability ofevent studies to produce reliable results when applied to a single company’s security.
Using data from the recent financial crisis, this Note demonstrates that the standardmodelevent study used in most court proceedings can lead to biased inferences sanctionedthrough the Daubert standard of admissibility for expert testimony. In particular, in thepresence …
Tax Treatment Of Derivative Instruments, Oluwaseun Viyon Ojo
Tax Treatment Of Derivative Instruments, Oluwaseun Viyon Ojo
Oluwaseun Viyon Ojo
The article provides an analysis of the various types of derivative instruments traded on the capital markets. As derivative instruments become frequently tradable in the Nigerian Financial market in the near projected future, it is expedient that the concerned companies plan adequately for the tax implications of such transactions and the appropriate tax authorities know how to treat the instrument of derivatives for the purpose of imposition of relevant taxes. This paper therefore dealt with the treatment of these instruments under the Capital Gains Tax Act (CGTA) and Companies Income Tax Act (CITA), though there are no specific rules for …
Puzzles In Controlling Shareholder Regimes And China: Shareholder Primacy And (Quasi) Monopoly, Sang Yop Kang
Puzzles In Controlling Shareholder Regimes And China: Shareholder Primacy And (Quasi) Monopoly, Sang Yop Kang
Sang Yop Kang
Professor Mark Roe explained that the shareholder wealth maximization norm (“the norm”) is not fit for a country with a (quasi) monopoly, because the norm encourages managers to maximize monopoly rents, to the detriment of the national economy. This Article provides new findings and counter-intuitive arguments as to the tension created by the norm and (quasi) monopoly by exploring three key corporate governance concepts that Roe did not examine—(1) “controlling minority structure” (CMS), where dominant shareholders hold a fractional ownership in their controlled-corporations, (2) “tunneling” (i.e., illicit transfer of corporate wealth to controlling shareholders), and (3) Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs). …
Conflicted Counselors: Retaliation Protections For Attorney-Whistleblowers In An Inconsistent Regulatory Regime, Jennifer M. Pacella
Conflicted Counselors: Retaliation Protections For Attorney-Whistleblowers In An Inconsistent Regulatory Regime, Jennifer M. Pacella
Jennifer M. Pacella, Esq.
Attorneys, especially in-house counsel, are subject to retaliation by employers in much the same way as traditional whistleblowers, often experiencing retaliation and loss of livelihood for reporting instances of wrongdoing about their clients. Although attorney-whistleblowing undoubtedly invokes ethical concerns, attorneys who “appear and practice” before the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) are required by federal law to act as internal whistleblowers under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“SOX”) and report evidence of material violations of the law within the organizations that they represent. An attorney’s failure to comply with these obligations will result in SEC-imposed civil penalties and disciplinary action. Recent federal …
Democratizing Startups, Seth C. Oranburg
Democratizing Startups, Seth C. Oranburg
Seth C Oranburg
The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 intends to “help entrepreneurs raise the capital they need to put Americans back to work and create an economy that’s built to last.” The goal is to “democratize startups” by making capital available to diverse entrepreneurs in new geographies. Yet the net effect of securities regulations and market conditions is the opposite. Startup companies are encouraged to stay private so capital is consolidating in large, mature firms instead of recycling into new startups. Evidence of consolidation is that once-rare “Unicorns” (billion-dollar startups) now number over 111. More money is going into huge …
Regulatory Arbitrage, Extraterritorial Jurisdiction, And Dodd-Frank: The Implications Of Us Global Otc Derivative Regulation, Christian Johnson
Regulatory Arbitrage, Extraterritorial Jurisdiction, And Dodd-Frank: The Implications Of Us Global Otc Derivative Regulation, Christian Johnson
Christian A. Johnson
No abstract provided.
Assessing A Decade Of Interstate Bank Branching, Christian A. Johnson, Tara Rice, Ph. D.
Assessing A Decade Of Interstate Bank Branching, Christian A. Johnson, Tara Rice, Ph. D.
Christian A. Johnson
Since its inception, US. banking regulation has effectively prohibited a bank from opening or owning a branch located outside of its home state, commonly referred to as interstate branching. Only since the passage of the Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act (IBBEA) of 1994 have banks been able to engage in interstate branching, albeit still subject to significant state restrictions. Despite IBBEA 's removal of those barriers, it still allowed the states to impose anticompetitive restrictions governing the entry of out-of-state banks through the establishment of branch offices. As a result, states that were opposed to entry used IBBEA …
The Macroprudential Turn: From Institutional 'Safety And Soundness' To Systematic 'Financial Stability' In Financial Supervision, Robert C. Hockett
The Macroprudential Turn: From Institutional 'Safety And Soundness' To Systematic 'Financial Stability' In Financial Supervision, Robert C. Hockett
Robert C. Hockett
Since the global financial dramas of 2008-09, authorities on financial regulation have come increasingly to counsel the inclusion of macroprudential policy instruments in the standard ‘toolkit’ of finance-regulatory measures employed by financial supervisors. The hallmark of this perspective is its focus not simply on the safety and soundness of individual financial institutions, as is characteristic of the traditional ‘microprudential’ perspective, but also on certain structural features of financial systems that can imperil such systems as wholes. Systemic ‘financial stability’ thus comes to supplement, though not to supplant, institutional ‘safety and soundness’ as a regulatory desideratum. The move from primarily micro- …
The Moral Undercurrent Beneath The Regulatory Regime Of Investor Protection, Huhnkie Lee
The Moral Undercurrent Beneath The Regulatory Regime Of Investor Protection, Huhnkie Lee
Huhnkie Lee
No abstract provided.
The Law And Ethics Of High-Frequency Trading, Steven R. Mcnamara
The Law And Ethics Of High-Frequency Trading, Steven R. Mcnamara
Steven R. McNamara
Michael Lewis’s recent book Flash Boys has resurrected the controversy concerning “high-frequency trading” (HFT) in the stock markets. While HFT has been important in the stock markets for about a decade, and may have already peaked in terms of its economic significance, it touched a nerve with a public suspicious of financial institutions in the wake of the financial crisis of 2008-2009. In reality, HFT is not one thing, but a wide array of practices conducted by technologically adept electronic traders. Some of these practices are benign, and some even bring benefits such as liquidity and improved price discovery to …
Broker-Dealer: A Fiduciary By Any Other Name?, William Alan Nelson Ii
Broker-Dealer: A Fiduciary By Any Other Name?, William Alan Nelson Ii
William Alan Nelson II
Broker-dealers, unlike investment advisers, are not regulated as fiduciaries when providing investment advice, even though broker-dealers are holding themselves out as financial advisors and offering virtually identical services to investors. The lack of consistent regulation of financial service providers arises from the structure in which advice historically has been delivered. Financial services regulation since the Great Depression has developed along roughly dual tracks: laws governing the sale of financial products, which may or may not require that the products be suitable for the customer, and laws governing investment advice, which impose a fiduciary requirement on the adviser to act solely …
Bridgefunding Is Crowdfunding For Startups Across The Private Equity Gap, Seth C. Oranburg
Bridgefunding Is Crowdfunding For Startups Across The Private Equity Gap, Seth C. Oranburg
Seth C Oranburg
Title III of the JOBS Act of 2012, which attempts to encourage entrepreneurship by allowing startups and small business to sell stock to the general public over the Internet through “crowdfunding,” is completely backwards. Its ceiling should be a floor—the $1 million limit should be inverted. By capping startups at raising $1 million from crowdfunding, the JOBS Act does not address the private equity gap, a fundamental problem in startup markets, and exposes unsophisticated investors to risk and fraud. This Article presents a regulatory framework premised on “bridgefunding,” an approach that this article develops to protect new investors by encouraging …
How Deregulating Derivatives Led To Disaster, And Why Re-Regulating Them Can Prevent Another, Lynn A. Stout
How Deregulating Derivatives Led To Disaster, And Why Re-Regulating Them Can Prevent Another, Lynn A. Stout
Lynn A. Stout
When credit markets froze up in the fall of 2008, many economists pronounced the crisis both inexplicable and unforeseeable. That’s because they were economists, not lawyers. Lawyers who specialize in financial regulation, and especially the small cadre who specialize in derivatives regulation, understood what went wrong. (Some even predicted it.) That’s because the roots of the catastrophe lay not in changes in the markets, but changes in the law. Perhaps the most important of those changes was the U.S. Congress’s decision to deregulate financial derivatives with the Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA) of 2000. Prior to 2000, off-exchange derivatives contracts …
Derivatives And The Legal Origin Of The 2008 Credit Crisis, Lynn A. Stout
Derivatives And The Legal Origin Of The 2008 Credit Crisis, Lynn A. Stout
Lynn A. Stout
Experts still debate what caused the credit crisis of 2008. This Article argues that dubious honor belongs, first and foremost, to a little-known statute called the Commodities Futures Modernization Act of 2000 (CFMA). Put simply, the credit crisis was not primarily due to changes in the markets; it was due to changes in the law. In particular, the crisis was the direct and foreseeable (and in fact foreseen by the author and others) consequence of the CFMA’s sudden and wholesale removal of centuries-old legal constraints on speculative trading in over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives. Derivative contracts are probabilistic bets on future events. …
On The Rise Of Shareholder Primacy, Signs Of Its Fall, And The Return Of Managerialism (In The Closet), Lynn Stout
On The Rise Of Shareholder Primacy, Signs Of Its Fall, And The Return Of Managerialism (In The Closet), Lynn Stout
Lynn A. Stout
In their 1932 opus "The Modern Corporation and Public Property," Adolf Berle and Gardiner Means famously documented the evolution of a new economic entity—the public corporation. What made the public corporation “public,” of course, was that it had thousands or even hundreds of thousands of shareholders, none of whom owned more than a small fraction of outstanding shares. As a result, the public firm’s shareholders had little individual incentive to pay close attention to what was going on inside the firm, or even to vote. Dispersed shareholders were rationally apathetic. If they voted at all, they usually voted to approve …
Regulate Otc Derivatives By Deregulating Them, Lynn A. Stout
Regulate Otc Derivatives By Deregulating Them, Lynn A. Stout
Lynn A. Stout
When credit markets froze up in the fall of 2008, many economists pronounced the crisis inexplicable and unforeseeable. Lawyers who specialize in financial regulation, and especially the small cadre who specialize in derivatives regulation, knew better.That's because the roots of the catastrophe lay not in changes in the markets, but changes in the law. In particular, the credit crisis can be traced to Congress's 2000 passage of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act, which radically altered the traditional legal approach to financial derivatives. This shift in the legal treatment of financial derivatives has brought the banking system to its knees. The …
How Efficient Markets Undervalue Stocks: Capm And Ecmh Under Conditions Of Uncertainty And Disagreement, Lynn A. Stout
How Efficient Markets Undervalue Stocks: Capm And Ecmh Under Conditions Of Uncertainty And Disagreement, Lynn A. Stout
Lynn A. Stout
No abstract provided.