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- Aiming at the Abolition of the Death Penalty; African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child; African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Banjul Charter); Organization of African Unity (OAU); African Union (AU); UN Convention on the Rights of the Child; Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol); Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW); freedom (1)
- Canada; Ghana; United States; LGBTQ+; Conversion Therapy; Religious Conversion Therapy; Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Change Efforts; Lesbian; Gay; Bisexual; Transgender; Queer; 2-Spirit; Intersex; Homosexuality; Sexuality; Sexual Orientation; Gender Identity; Gender Expression; Gender Binary; Gender-Based Discrimination; Anti-LGBTQ+; Homophobia; Transphobia; LBGTQ+ Rights; Human Rights; International Human Rights; The Criminal Offenses Act (1960) (Ghana); The Promotion of Proper Human Sexual Rights and Ghanaian Family Values Bill; Bill C-6 An Act to Amend the Criminal Code (Conversion Therapy); Bill C-4 An Act to Amend the Criminal Code (Conversion Therapy); The Prohibition of Medicaid Funding for Conversion Therapy Act (2019); The Therapeutic Fraud Prevention Act (2021) (1)
- China; medical negligence; litigation; selection bias; adversarial bias; judicial deference; courts; expert opinions; court appointed expert testimony; inquisitorial system; authentication; re-authentication; Supreme People's Court; documents of adjudication decisions; FA-MNA; MA-MNA; medical associations; forensic authentication agency; municipal; provincial; national; locality rule; common law; civil law; defendant; plaintiff; fault; causation; causal contribution; personal injury (1)
- Inhuman or degrading punishment; mischief; trauvaux préparatoires; constitutionality of the death penalty; foreign comparative law; international authorities; foreign authorities; public international law; amicus brief; pro deo system; UN Human Rights Committee; cultural practices; minimum age for marriage; customary law union; purposive interpretation; locus standi; unconstitutional legislation; mala fide; girl child; girl children; jus cogens (1)
- Justice and peace; equal rights; equality; slavery; servitude; honor and reputation; civil and political rights; economic (1)
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- Social and cultural rights; binding instrument; hortatory instrument; treaty; domestic legal system; International Bill of Human Rights; female genital mutilation (FGM); UN Charter; UN High Commissioner for Human Rights; women; children; religious minorities; ethnic minorities; justiciable rights; domestic courts; monist theory; dualist theory; civil law; Roman law; international custom; international customary law; Roman-Dutch civilian law; mixed legal system; common law; foreign law; Bill of Rights; International Court of Justice (ICJ); African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR); child marriage; bicameral legislature; independent judiciary; free press; civil society; due process; constitutionalism; governing architecture; interpretative principle; interpretive principle; internationalization; constitutional law; peaceful coexistence; International Criminal Court (ICC); Rome Statute; note verbale; separation-of-powers regime; fidelity to the rule of law; political pluralism; human rights jurisprudence; discrimination against women; State Party; States Parties; substantive justice; stare decisis; obiter dicta; customary law; statutory interpretation; judge-made law; schematic method of interpretation; teleological method of interpretation; Grundnorm; death penalty; murder; cruel (1)
- United Nations; UN General Assembly; League of Nations; UN Charter; international human rights instruments; human rights; fundamental freedoms; international law; peace and security; African courts; Universal Declaration of Human Rights; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; International Covenant on Economic (1)
Articles 1 - 3 of 3
Full-Text Articles in Rule of Law
African Courts And International Human Rights Law, John Mukum Mbaku
African Courts And International Human Rights Law, John Mukum Mbaku
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
The UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and since then, the international community, with the help of the United Nations, has adopted other international human rights instruments designed to recognize and protect human rights. Since international human rights instruments do not automatically confer rights that are justiciable in domestic courts, each African country must domesticate these instruments in order to create rights that are justiciable in its domestic courts. Given the fact that many African countries have not yet domesticated the core international human rights instruments, international human rights law’s ability to positively impact …
Different Countries, Same Homophobia And Transphobia: A Cross-Cultural Survey Of So-Called Conversion Therapy Practices And The Move Toward Legislative Protections For The United States Lgbtq+ Community, Samantha J. Past
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
So-called “conversion therapy” consists of dangerous practices that inflict detrimental, long-lasting effects on its victims. As a form of sexual orientation or gender identity or gender expression change efforts, conversion therapy is fostered by global homophobia and transphobia. Despite formal public rejection and scientific discreditation, conversion therapy providers across the world continue to target LGBTQ+ individuals, predominately under the guise of offering health care services or obeying religious practices. The following piece compares conversion therapy in three countries with recently introduced LGBTQ+ legislation––(1) Ghana; (2) Canada; and (3) the United States (U.S.)–––in order to identify factors furthering conversion therapy and …
How Much Do Expert Opinions Matter? An Empirical Investigation Of Selection Bias, Adversarial Bias, And Judicial Deference In Chinese Medical, Chunyan Ding
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
This article investigates the nature of the operation and the role of expert opinions in Chinese medical negligence litigation, drawing on content analysis of 3,619 medical negligence cases and an in-depth survey of judges with experience of adjudicating medical negligence cases. It offers three major findings: first, that both parties to medical negligence disputes show significant selection bias of medical opinions, as do courts when selecting court-appointed experts; second, expert opinions in medical negligence litigation demonstrate substantial adversarial bias; third, courts display very strong judicial deference to expert opinions in determining medical negligence liability. This article fills the methodological gap …