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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Religion Law
Tango Or More - From California's Lesson 9 To The Constitutionality Of A Gay-Friendly Curriculum In Public Elementary Schools, Amy Lai
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
In August 2009, a group of parents in California filed a lawsuit, Balde v. Alameda Unified School District, in the Superior Court of California, County of Alameda. They alleged that the Alameda Unified School District refused them the right to excuse their children from a new curriculum, Lesson 9, that would teach public elementary school children about gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (GLBT) families. The proposed curriculum included short sessions about GLBT people, incorporated into more general lessons about family and health, once a year from kindergarten through fifth grade. Kindergarteners would learn the harms of teasing, while fifth graders …
The Free Exercise Of Religion And Public Schools: The Implications Of Hybrid Rights On The Religious Upbringing Of Children, Michael E. Lechliter
The Free Exercise Of Religion And Public Schools: The Implications Of Hybrid Rights On The Religious Upbringing Of Children, Michael E. Lechliter
Michigan Law Review
This Note argues that parents have a fundamental right under the U.S. Constitution to direct the religious upbringing of their children and that courts interpreting Smith have systematically misunderstood and misapplied the Supreme Court's confusing hybrid rights language. Part I explains how Yoder and Smith create and preserve parents' right to direct the religious upbringing of their children. The essential point is that the free exercise right and the parental right are not examined independently and simply added together, but instead are incorporated together to provide a specific bite to the free exercise claim. Part I also examines the lower …
Michigan's Teacher Certification Requirement As Applied To Religiously Motivated Home Schools, Donald D. Dorman
Michigan's Teacher Certification Requirement As Applied To Religiously Motivated Home Schools, Donald D. Dorman
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Note defends the thesis that the teacher-certification requirement of Michigan's compulsory attendance statute is unconstitutional as applied to people who, for sincere religious reasons, believe they must teach their children at home. Michigan courts have incorrectly applied a rational-basis test in regulating religiously motivated home schools, rather than the strict scrutiny required by the U.S. Supreme Court for cases involving both the free exercise of religion and parents' interest in directing their children's education.
Teaching The Theories Of Evolution And Scientific Creationism In The Public Schools: The First Amendment Religion Clauses And Permissible Relief, J. Greg Whitehair
Teaching The Theories Of Evolution And Scientific Creationism In The Public Schools: The First Amendment Religion Clauses And Permissible Relief, J. Greg Whitehair
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Note explores the propriety of teaching the theory of evolution and the scientific creation model in public elementary and secondary schools. Part I discusses the powers of the state and its political subdivisions to set public school policy and curriculum content and the extent to which those powers are circumscribed by the religion clauses of the first amendment. Part I concludes that the religion clauses permit the teaching of evolutionary theory in public schools. Part II examines the variety of judicial and legislative relief potentially available to creationists where the teaching of evolution theory interferes with their religious beliefs …
Constitutional Law--Church And State--Freedom Of Religion--The Constitutionality Under The Religion Clauses Of The First Amendment Of Compulsory Sex Education In Public Schools, Michigan Law Review
Constitutional Law--Church And State--Freedom Of Religion--The Constitutionality Under The Religion Clauses Of The First Amendment Of Compulsory Sex Education In Public Schools, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
It has been said that "[s]ex education, once the domain of the church and the home, has by necessity, become a responsibility of the schools." Indeed, by the operation of most state education statutes, sex education can be made compulsory in public primary and secondary schools if it is taught as part of otherwise compulsory classes or if the local school authorities have prescribed sex education courses as a compulsory part of the curriculum. While some of the state statutes authorize exemptions on religious grounds, most do not. Nevertheless, the introduction of sex education into public schools has not been …
The Elementary And Secondary Education Act The Implications Of The Trust-Fund Theory For The Church-State Questions Raised By Title I, Jon Feikens
Michigan Law Review
The issues raised by the granting of federal aid both to education in general and to non-public education in particular have caused considerable controversy in recent years. Although several federal statutes dealing with various aspects of both types of aid had been enacted previously, the early 1960's saw an increased desire on the part of Congress to enter this area with a comprehensive plan. Finally, in 1965, the question of aid to education in general was resolved in favor of carrying the war on poverty to the elementary and secondary schools. Simultaneously, a so-called "church-state settlement" was reached whereby it …
Constitutional Law-Church And State-Shared Time: Indirect Aid To Parochial Schools, Michigan Law Review
Constitutional Law-Church And State-Shared Time: Indirect Aid To Parochial Schools, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
For over forty years, public schools have been participating in shared time programs pursuant to which non-public school children attend public schools for instruction in one or more subjects during the regular school day. Since ninety per cent of the pupils in nonpublic elementary and secondary schools are in Roman Catholic schools, shared time-or, as it is also known, dual enrollment raises questions of an establishment of religion in contravention of the provisions of the first amendment to the Constitution. To date, no court has faced this constitutional issue and only three state courts have ruled upon the validity of …
Boles: The Bible, Religion And The Public Schools, Arthur E. Sutherland
Boles: The Bible, Religion And The Public Schools, Arthur E. Sutherland
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Bible, Religion and the Public Schools (3d ed) by Donald E. Boles
Public Control Of Private Sectarian Institutions Receiving Public Funds, Richard B. Rogers
Public Control Of Private Sectarian Institutions Receiving Public Funds, Richard B. Rogers
Michigan Law Review
This comment will examine the recent judicial and legislative developments which could result in federal controls limiting religious practices in private sectarian educational and welfare institutions.
Prayer, Public Schools And The Supreme Court, Paul G. Kauper
Prayer, Public Schools And The Supreme Court, Paul G. Kauper
Michigan Law Review
A more complete understanding of the case, while doing much to temper the initial outburst of disapproval, did not by any means dispel all criticism of the decision or allay all the apprehensions aroused by it. Believing that the Supreme Court's opinion was premised on a fundamentally erroneous interpretation of the establishment clause of the first amendment, Bishop James A. Pike headed a movement to amend the Constitution so as to restore what he regarded as the true and intended meaning of its pertinent language. In the meantime, the Supreme Court has agreed to review and has heard argument on …
The EngelCase From A Swiss Perspective, F. William O'Brien
The EngelCase From A Swiss Perspective, F. William O'Brien
Michigan Law Review
On June 25, 1962, the Supreme Court of the United States held that the State of New York, by using its public school system to encourage recitation of a prayer during classroom hours, had adopted a practice wholly inconsistent with that clause of the first amendment, applicable to the states by virtue of the fourteenth amendment, which prohibits laws respecting an establishment of religion. The opinion of the Court, written by Mr. Justice Black for himself and four other Justices, is interesting in that he rests the Court's decision exclusively upon the establishment clause. In previous decisions, the Court had …
Church And State: Cooperative Separatism, Paul G. Kauper
Church And State: Cooperative Separatism, Paul G. Kauper
Michigan Law Review
Nothing is better calculated to stimulate argument, arouse controversy, excite the emotions and even produce intense visceral reactions than a discussion of church-state relations. Always a subject of lively interest, it has received added attention and emphasis in recent months. Perhaps at no time in at least the modem era of American history have the questions of the proper relationship between religion and government been more thoroughly publicized and explored, and the issues more widely debated, than during the period beginning with the presidential campaign of 1960.
Constitutional Law- Freedom Of Religion- Tuition Payments To Parochial Schools Violate Fourteenth Amendment, William S. Bach
Constitutional Law- Freedom Of Religion- Tuition Payments To Parochial Schools Violate Fourteenth Amendment, William S. Bach
Michigan Law Review
Because defendant school district did not maintain a high school within the school district, tuition payments were made, as provided by statute, to the high schools attended by pupils residing within the district. The parents of each student selected the high school to be attended. As a result of this program, some tuition payments were made to high schools operated by the Roman Catholic Church. Plaintiff taxpayer sought in a declaratory judgment a determination of the validity of tuition payments made to Catholic high schools under the United States Constitution and the Constitution of Vermont. The court of chancery held …
Constitutional Law - Separation Of Church And State - Bible Reading In The Public Schools, Henry B. Pearsall
Constitutional Law - Separation Of Church And State - Bible Reading In The Public Schools, Henry B. Pearsall
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiffs, as parents of children in the public school system, sought to enjoin and have declared unconstitutional the practice of reading aloud to students each day ten verses of the Holy Bible as required by a Pennsylvania statute. The plaintiffs contended that this practice constituted an establishment of religion and a prohibition of the free exercise thereof and was therefore a violation of rights guaranteed by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. By a three-judge district court, held, for plaintiffs. The statute violated the United States Constitution because the Bible is essentially a religious book and the …
Constitutional Law - Separation Of Church And State - Bible Reading In The Public Schools, Frederic F. Brace Jr.
Constitutional Law - Separation Of Church And State - Bible Reading In The Public Schools, Frederic F. Brace Jr.
Michigan Law Review
The plaintiff, as a citizen, taxpayer, and parent of school children, sought an injunction to restrain the defendant school board from allowing school teachers to read the Bible aloud to students as required by a Tennessee statute. The plaintiff contended that this practice was offensive to him and in violation of the Tennessee and United States Constitutions. The trial court sustained defendant's demurrer. On appeal, held, affirmed. The statute violates neither constitution because it is not an interference with students' or parents' religious beliefs. Carden v. Bland, (Tenn. 1956) 288 S. W. (2d) 718.
Released Time And Religious Liberty: A Further Reply, Paul G. Kauper
Released Time And Religious Liberty: A Further Reply, Paul G. Kauper
Michigan Law Review
In his "Reply" to the writer's review of his excellent book, Mr. Pfeffer has singled out the part of the review in which the writer discussed the released-time problem and the position taken by Mr. Pfeffer with respect thereto. To prolong the arguments over this matter in the pages of this Review would he unprofitable, hut the writer feels that a few comments on Mr. Pfeffer's reply would not he out of order.
Release Time And Religious Liberty: A Reply, Leo Pfeffer
Release Time And Religious Liberty: A Reply, Leo Pfeffer
Michigan Law Review
In his generous article-review of this writer's book, Church, State, and Freedom, Paul G. Kauper justified the decision of the United States Supreme Court in Zorach v. Clauson on the basis of its prior decision in Pierce v. Society of Sisters. In the Pierce case, it will be remembered, the Supreme Court invalidated an Oregon statute whose purpose it was to require attendance of all children at public schools. In Zorach v. Clauson, the Court upheld the validity of a New York statute that permitted public schools to release children for one hour weekly to receive religious …
Schools - Private Parochial Schools - Transportation Of Pupils - Use Of Public Funds, Dan K. Cook
Schools - Private Parochial Schools - Transportation Of Pupils - Use Of Public Funds, Dan K. Cook
Michigan Law Review
A New York statute provided for the public transportation of school children to public and private schools. Plaintiff instituted a taxpayer's action to enjoin defendant board of education from furnishing transportation, in compliance with the statute, to children attending a parochial school. Plaintiff contended the statute was unconstitutional by reason of a provision of the New York constitution which forbade public aid or maintenance of denominational schools. Held, that the statute was valid, and plaintiff's prayer was denied. Judd v. Board of Education, 164 Misc. 889, 300 N. Y. S. 1037 (1937), affd. (App. Div. 1938) 3 N. …
Constitutional Law - Religious Freedom - Compulsory Salute And Pledge Of Allegiance To Flag By School Children -Validity, Dan K. Cook
Michigan Law Review
A Massachusetts statute imposed a duty upon each public school teacher to lead his pupils, at least once each week, in a salute and pledge of allegiance to the flag. Petitioner was in his third year as a pupil in the public schools, and, in obedience to his father's commands, refused to participate in the salute and pledge. For such refusal, the school committee expelled the petitioner from the school, and he thereupon submitted a petition for a writ of mandamus, to compel his readmission to the school. Held, that the writ be denied, inasmuch as the statute did …
Constitutional Law-Religion In The Public School
Constitutional Law-Religion In The Public School
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff sued as a taxpayer to enjoin defendant from permitting the use of school buildings by organizations of pupils based on religious affiliations and from directing the reading of excerpts from the Bible in the public schools. Plaintiff contended that in so far as the Greater New York Charter impliedly authorized the use of the Bible for such purposes, it was unconstitutional. Held, the action of the school board was proper, and injunction denied. Lewis v. Board of Education of City of New York, (N. Y. Sup. Ct. 1935) 285 N. Y. S. 164.