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The Total People's Defense And Security System: Problems Of The State-Sponsored Militia In Indonesia, Bhatara Ibnu Reza
The Total People's Defense And Security System: Problems Of The State-Sponsored Militia In Indonesia, Bhatara Ibnu Reza
Indonesia Law Review
The establishment of state-sponsored militia has raised concerns of human rights violations in non-international armed conflict in Indonesia. Most of the state-sponsored militia have been formed and tacitly supported by the Indonesian National Defense Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia) mostly based on the implementation of a concept called the Total People’s Defense and Security System (sistem pertahanan rakyat semesta-sishankamrata). The Total People’s Defense and Security System is the grand strategy adopted based on Indonesia’s experience during Indonesia’s physical revolution or armed struggle for independence (1945-1949) and recognized under the Second Amendment to the 1945 Constitution. This article will elaborate on, first, …