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Articles 1 - 30 of 105
Full-Text Articles in International Law
Backlash Against International Courts In West, East And Southern Africa: Causes And Consequences, Karen J. Alter, James T. Gathii, Laurence R. Helfer
Backlash Against International Courts In West, East And Southern Africa: Causes And Consequences, Karen J. Alter, James T. Gathii, Laurence R. Helfer
James T Gathii
This paper discusses three credible attempts by African governments to restrict the jurisdiction of three similarly-situated sub-regional courts in response to politically controversial rulings. In West Africa, when the ECOWAS Court upheld allegations of torture by opposition journalists in the Gambia, that country’s political leaders sought to restrict the Court’s power to review human rights complaints. The other member states ultimately defeated the Gambia’s proposal. In East Africa, Kenya failed in its efforts to eliminate the EACJ and to remove some of its judges after a decision challenging an election to a sub-regional legislature. However, the member states agreed to …
The "Guarantee" Clause, Ryan C. Williams
The "Guarantee" Clause, Ryan C. Williams
Ryan Williams
Article IV’s command that “the United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government” stands as one of the few remaining lacunae in the judicially enforced Constitution. For well over a century, federal courts have viewed the provision — traditionally known as the Guarantee Clause but now referred to by some as the “Republican Form of Government” Clause — as a paradigmatic example of a nonjusticiable political question. In recent years, however, both the Supreme Court and lower federal courts have signaled a new willingness to reconsider this much-criticized jurisdictional barrier in an appropriate …
Dual Regulation Of Insurance, Christopher French
Dual Regulation Of Insurance, Christopher French
Christopher C. French
Special International Zones In Practice And Theory, Tom W. Bell
Special International Zones In Practice And Theory, Tom W. Bell
Tom W. Bell
Personal Jurisdiction And Aliens, Scott Dodson, William Dodge
Personal Jurisdiction And Aliens, Scott Dodson, William Dodge
Scott Dodson
Piracy Prosecutions In National Courts, Maggie Gardner
Piracy Prosecutions In National Courts, Maggie Gardner
Maggie Gardner
At least for the time being, the international community must rely on national courts to prosecute modern-day pirates. The first wave of domestic piracy prosecutions suggests, however, that domestic courts have yet to achieve the necessary consistency and expertise in resolving key questions of international law in these cases. This article evaluates how courts trying modern-day pirates have addressed common questions of international law regarding the exercise of universal jurisdiction, the elements of the crime of piracy, and the principle of nullum crimen sine lege. In doing so, it evaluates five decisions issued in 2010 by courts in Kenya, the …
The Alien Tort Statute And The Law Of Nations, Bradford R. Clark, Anthony J. Bellia
The Alien Tort Statute And The Law Of Nations, Bradford R. Clark, Anthony J. Bellia
Anthony J. Bellia
Courts and scholars have struggled to identify the original meaning of the Alien Tort Statute (ATS). As enacted in 1789, the ATS provided "[t]hat the district courts...shall...have cognizance...of all causes where an alien sues for tort only in violation of the law of nations or a treaty of the United States." The statute was rarely invoked for almost two centuries. In the 1980s, lower federal courts began reading the statute expansively to allow foreign citizens to sue other foreign citizens for all violations of modern customary international law that occurred outside the United States. In 2004, the Supreme Court took …
Cracking The American Climate Negotiators’ Hidden Code: United States Law And The Paris Agreement, David A. Wirth
Cracking The American Climate Negotiators’ Hidden Code: United States Law And The Paris Agreement, David A. Wirth
David A. Wirth
Categorizing Acts By State Officials: Attribution And Responsibility In The Law Of Foreign Official Immunity, Chimene I. Keitner
Categorizing Acts By State Officials: Attribution And Responsibility In The Law Of Foreign Official Immunity, Chimene I. Keitner
Chimene I Keitner
No abstract provided.
Gandhi’S Prophecy: Corporate Violence And A Mindful Law For Bhopal, Nehal A. Patel
Gandhi’S Prophecy: Corporate Violence And A Mindful Law For Bhopal, Nehal A. Patel
Nehal A. Patel
AbstractOver thirty years have passed since the Bhopal chemical disaster began,and in that time scholars of corporate social responsibility (CSR) havediscussed and debated several frameworks for improving corporate responseto social and environmental problems. However, CSR discourse rarelydelves into the fundamental architecture of legal thought that oftenbuttresses corporate dominance in the global economy. Moreover, CSRdiscourse does little to challenge the ontological and epistemologicalassumptions that form the foundation for modern economics and the role ofcorporations in the world.I explore methods of transforming CSR by employing the thought ofMohandas Gandhi. I pay particular attention to Gandhi’s critique ofindustrialization and principle of swadeshi (self-sufficiency) …
Transnational Legal Practice Developments, Carole Silver, Robert E. Lutz, Philip T. Von Mehren, Laurel S. Terry, Peter Ehrenhaft, Clifford J. Hendel, Jonathan Goldsmith, Masahiro Shimojo
Transnational Legal Practice Developments, Carole Silver, Robert E. Lutz, Philip T. Von Mehren, Laurel S. Terry, Peter Ehrenhaft, Clifford J. Hendel, Jonathan Goldsmith, Masahiro Shimojo
Laurel S. Terry
No abstract provided.
Putting The Cart Before The Horse: A Doomed Constitutional Strategy For Negotiating The T-Tip, Emanuela Matei
Putting The Cart Before The Horse: A Doomed Constitutional Strategy For Negotiating The T-Tip, Emanuela Matei
Emanuela A. Matei
No abstract provided.
Jurisdictional Standards (And Rules), Adam I. Muchmore
Jurisdictional Standards (And Rules), Adam I. Muchmore
Adam I. Muchmore
This Article uses the jurisprudential dichotomy between two opposing types of legal requirements — “rules” and “standards” — to examine extraterritorial regulation by the United States. It argues that there is natural push toward standards in extraterritorial regulation because numerous institutional actors either see standards as the best option in extraterritorial regulation or accept standards as a second-best option when their first choice (a rule favorable to their interests or their worldview) is not feasible. The Article explores several reasons for this push toward standards, including: statutory text, statutory interpretation theories, the nonbinary nature of the domestic/foreign characterization, the tendency …
Reparations Decisions And Dilemmas, Naomi Roht-Arriaza
Reparations Decisions And Dilemmas, Naomi Roht-Arriaza
Naomi Roht-Arriaza
No abstract provided.
Universal Jurisdiction: Steps Forward, Steps Back, Naomi Roht-Arriaza
Universal Jurisdiction: Steps Forward, Steps Back, Naomi Roht-Arriaza
Naomi Roht-Arriaza
No abstract provided.
The Pinochet Precedent And Universal Jurisdiction, Naomi Roht-Arriaza
The Pinochet Precedent And Universal Jurisdiction, Naomi Roht-Arriaza
Naomi Roht-Arriaza
No abstract provided.
The Eu's Human Rights Obligations Towards Distant Strangers, Aravind Ganesh
The Eu's Human Rights Obligations Towards Distant Strangers, Aravind Ganesh
Aravind Ganesh
The EU has perfect human rights obligations towards distant strangers. My argument has two limbs: Firstly, in numerous policy areas, the EU asserts jurisdiction via ‘territorial extension’, which combines territorially limited enforcement jurisdiction with a claim of geographically unbounded prescriptive jurisdiction. Doctrinally, this strongly resembles the Lotus principle, and viewed analytically, amounts to a claim not just of power but of political authority. Thus, the EU creates not just factual effects, but legal effects abroad. Secondly, assertions of political authority, even if only de facto, give rise to perfect human rights obligations. I illustrate this by reference to the Strasbourg …
Trust And Good-Faith Taken To A New Level: An Analysis Of Inconsistent Behavior In The Brazilian Legal Order, Thiago Luis Sombra
Trust And Good-Faith Taken To A New Level: An Analysis Of Inconsistent Behavior In The Brazilian Legal Order, Thiago Luis Sombra
Thiago Luís Santos Sombra
With the changes in the paradigm of voluntarism developed under the protection of liberalism, the bases for legal acts have reached an objective dimension, resulting in the birth of a number of mechanisms of control of private autonomy. Among these mechanisms, we can point out the relevance of those reinforced by the Roman Law, whose high ethical value underlines one of its biggest virtues in the control of the exercise of subjective rights. The prohibition of inconsistent behavior, conceived in the brocard venire contra factum proprium, constitutes one of the concepts from the Roman Law renown for the protection …
A New International Human Rights Court For West Africa: The Ecowas Community Court Of Justice, Karen J. Alter, Laurence R. Helfer, Jacqueline R. Mcallister
A New International Human Rights Court For West Africa: The Ecowas Community Court Of Justice, Karen J. Alter, Laurence R. Helfer, Jacqueline R. Mcallister
Jacqueline McAllister
The ECOWAS Community Court of Justice (ECCJ) is an increasingly active and bold international adjudicator of human rights violations in West Africa. Since acquiring jurisdiction over human rights issues in 2005, the ECCJ has issued several path-breaking judgments, including against the Gambia for the torture of journalists, against Niger for condoning modern forms of slavery, and against Nigeria for failing to regulate the multinational oil companies that polluted the Niger Delta. This article explains why ECOWAS member states authorized the ECCJ to review human rights suits by individuals but did not allow private actors to complain about violations of regional …
Is A Foreign State A "Person"? Does It Matter?: Personal Jurisdiction, Due Process, And The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, 34 N.Y.U. J. Int'l L. & Pol. 115 (2001), Karen H. Cross
Karen Halverson Cross
No abstract provided.
The Detention And Trial Of Enemy Combatants: A Drama In Three Branches, Michael C. Dorf
The Detention And Trial Of Enemy Combatants: A Drama In Three Branches, Michael C. Dorf
Michael C. Dorf
No abstract provided.
Power And Responsibility, André Nollkaemper
Power And Responsibility, André Nollkaemper
André Nollkaemper
This paper critically reviews the popular proposition that 'power breeds responsibility'. It first explains why this proposition is intuitively appealing. Particularly in situations where multiple actors contribute to harm, power can be a criterion for determining who of a multitude of actors should bear responsibility. For instance, much of the case law on extra territorial human rights protection is based on a concept of power. The paper then explains why this intuition can be misleading. Saying that power informs responsibility is begging the question what type of power triggers what type of responsibility in what way. The paper focuses in …
Functional Immunity Of State Officials Before The International Law Commission, Chimene I. Keitner
Functional Immunity Of State Officials Before The International Law Commission, Chimene I. Keitner
Chimene I Keitner
No abstract provided.
Horizontal Enforcement And The Ilc’S Proposed Draft Articles On The Immunity Of State Officials From Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction, Chimene I. Keitner
Horizontal Enforcement And The Ilc’S Proposed Draft Articles On The Immunity Of State Officials From Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction, Chimene I. Keitner
Chimene I Keitner
No abstract provided.
Jurisdictional Salvation And The Hague Treaty, Kevin M. Clermont
Jurisdictional Salvation And The Hague Treaty, Kevin M. Clermont
Kevin M. Clermont
The United States' law of territorial jurisdiction in civil cases is a mess. Many commentators, here and abroad, have said so for a long time. The United States' treatment of foreign judgments, however, stands in contrast. As a well-behaved member of the international community of nations, the United States eagerly gives appropriate respect to foreign judgments, despite sometimes getting no respect in return.
Now, ongoing negotiations at the Hague have generated a prospect for an international agreement on the reciprocal treatment of foreign judgments. The envisaged treaty would ensure mutual respect of judgments among contracting countries, but it would also …
Who Decides The Arbitrators' Jurisdiction? Separability And Competence-Competence In Transnational Perspective, John J. Barceló Iii
Who Decides The Arbitrators' Jurisdiction? Separability And Competence-Competence In Transnational Perspective, John J. Barceló Iii
John J. Barceló III
No abstract provided.
Claims Under The Administrative Procedure Act Before The Court Of International Trade — A General Overview And Analysis Of Significant Recent Jurisprudence, Mark A. Moran, Wentong Zheng
Claims Under The Administrative Procedure Act Before The Court Of International Trade — A General Overview And Analysis Of Significant Recent Jurisprudence, Mark A. Moran, Wentong Zheng
Wentong Zheng
At first blush, the subject matter of this paper would seem a particularly anomalous topic for discussion at a conference devoted to the jurisprudence of the U.S. Court of International Trade (“CIT”). After all, among the some four thousand published decisions the CIT has issued since its creation in 1980, relatively few have involved causes of action predicated explicitly on the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”). One might reasonably ask why we should bother devoting an entire panel discussion to an issue that so infrequently commands the CIT’s attention. The first answer is that all is not as it seems, and …
A Case For The Recognition Of A Concept Of Judge-Made International Law, Theodor Jr Schilling
A Case For The Recognition Of A Concept Of Judge-Made International Law, Theodor Jr Schilling
Theodor JR Schilling
Judge-made international law (JMIL) based on a law of reason exists as well in some municipal court decisions setting a precedent as in ones building upon such a precedent. Such court decisions rely on the faculty of judicial borderline institutions to decide against normally binding customary international law (CIL). This implies for the first group that they may positivise a law of reason, and for the second group they may defer to thus positivised laws of reason, both irrespective of contrary CIL. Norms of JMIL and of CIL are determined according to different secondary rules. Therefore, court decisions which are …
What Remains Of Vicarious Jurisdiction For Establishing General Jurisdiction Over Corporate Defendants After Daimlerag V. Bauman, Keri M. Martin
What Remains Of Vicarious Jurisdiction For Establishing General Jurisdiction Over Corporate Defendants After Daimlerag V. Bauman, Keri M. Martin
Keri M. Martin
When, if ever, should a corporation be subject to a court’s jurisdiction based solely on the activities of another entity? Commonly, injured plaintiffs pursue foreign corporations to recover for injuries inflicted upon them by some activity of that corporation or its subsidiary. Where plaintiffs are unable to establish personal jurisdiction over the foreign corporation directly, plaintiffs may attempt to establish jurisdiction over the corporation indirectly by imputing to it the in-forum activities of a closely related subsidiary. This form of jurisdictional blame shifting has been termed “vicarious jurisdiction,” and it stems from the understanding that more than one entity may …
Arbitraje Civil Y Mercantil En México, Max Garcia, Jusey Martinez Carrasco
Arbitraje Civil Y Mercantil En México, Max Garcia, Jusey Martinez Carrasco
Max Garcia Sanchez
No abstract provided.