Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Science and Technology Law (14)
- Antitrust and Trade Regulation (8)
- International Law (7)
- Law and Economics (7)
- Legal History (7)
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (6)
- Health Law and Policy (5)
- International Trade Law (5)
- Agriculture Law (4)
- Constitutional Law (4)
- Food and Drug Law (4)
- Internet Law (4)
- Life Sciences (4)
- Comparative and Foreign Law (3)
- Economics (3)
- Genetics and Genomics (3)
- Litigation (3)
- Medical Jurisprudence (3)
- Science and Technology Studies (3)
- Business (2)
- Civil Procedure (2)
- Computer Law (2)
- Conflict of Laws (2)
- Consumer Protection Law (2)
- Estates and Trusts (2)
- Human Rights Law (2)
- Jurisdiction (2)
- Jurisprudence (2)
- Institution
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Justine Pila (13)
- Herbert Hovenkamp (6)
- Robin C Feldman (5)
- Christopher Wadlow (3)
- Daniel Harris Brean (3)
-
- Oskar Liivak (3)
- Andrew P. Morriss (2)
- Brendan O. Baggot (2)
- Michael Mattioli (2)
- Ufuoma Barbara Akpotaire (2)
- Alex Stein (1)
- Andrea Fernandez-Ribas (1)
- Andrew Beckerman Rodau (1)
- Ariel Katz (1)
- Bruno Meyerhof Salama (1)
- Camilla A Hrdy (1)
- Catherine Fisk (1)
- Chester J Shiu (1)
- Christopher B. Seaman (1)
- Christopher M Holman (1)
- Christopher McElwain (1)
- Daniel J Gervais (1)
- Dr Tyrone Berger (1)
- Elizabeth A Rowe (1)
- Frederick W. Dingledy (1)
- Ikechi Mgbeoji (1)
- J. Jonas Anderson (1)
- James Y. Stern (1)
- Jonathan R. K. Stroud (1)
- Ken Shadlen (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 79
Full-Text Articles in Intellectual Property Law
The Patent Option, Daniel J. Gervais
The Patent Option, Daniel J. Gervais
Daniel J Gervais
There is a shift in the shape of intellectual property (IP) tools used to strengthen and lengthen the right of pharmaceutical companies to exclude others from making and marketing their products. Patents have traditionally been the tool of choice. Over the past two decades, however, pharmaceutical companies have increased their degree of reliance on a right known as “data exclusivity.” This right, which now exists in most major jurisdictions, is the right to prevent third parties from relying on the clinical trial data submitted by another pharmaceutical company to obtain marketing approval for a bioequivalent or biosimilar product. The right …
Right On Time: First Possession In Property And Intellectual Property, Dotan Oliar, James Y. Stern
Right On Time: First Possession In Property And Intellectual Property, Dotan Oliar, James Y. Stern
James Y. Stern
How should we allocate property rights in unowned tangible and intangible resources? This Article develops a model of original acquisition that draws together common law doctrines of first possession with original acquisition doctrines in patent, copyright, and trademark law. The common denominator is time: in each context, doctrine involves a trade-off between assigning entitlements to resources earlier or later in the process of their development and use. Early awards risk granting exclusivity to parties who may not be capable of putting resources to their best use. Late awards prolong contests for ownership, which may generate waste or discourage acquisition efforts …
Evaluating Flexibility In International Patent Law, Sarah R. Wasserman Rajec
Evaluating Flexibility In International Patent Law, Sarah R. Wasserman Rajec
Sarah R. Wasserman Rajec
Global patent law has raced toward harmonization over the past decades. Countries with vastly different industries, values, and levels of development now offer robust patent rights with similar contours through membership in the World Trade Organization and consequent adoption of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPS”). However, patent law is still far from harmonized among countries or static within countries. Jurisdictions tailor their patent laws to accommodate differences between industries, unforeseen inefficiencies, and diverse views of the costs and benefits associated with offering patent rights to stimulate innovation. Prior scholarly work consists of either doctrinal analyses …
An Overview Of Patent Prosecution, Frederick W. Dingledy
An Overview Of Patent Prosecution, Frederick W. Dingledy
Frederick W. Dingledy
No abstract provided.
Are We Overprotecting Code? Thoughts On First-Generation Internet Law, Orin S. Kerr
Are We Overprotecting Code? Thoughts On First-Generation Internet Law, Orin S. Kerr
Orin Kerr
No abstract provided.
Private Law And The Future Of Patents, Oskar Liivak
Private Law And The Future Of Patents, Oskar Liivak
Oskar Liivak
As it operates today, patent law does not qualify as private law and, without change, I doubt it ever will. For some, this is as it should be and any private law aspects that remain in the patent system should be purged. The basic argument is that the dominant theory of patents is just not compatible with private law and patent doctrine should reflect a pure public law theoretical basis. I agree that today's dominant patent theory is incompatible with private law principles. Yet agreeing with that inherent incompatibility does not imply that doctrine needs to be reformed. There is …
“An Ingenious Man Enabled By Contract”: Entrepreneurship And The Rise Of Contract, Catherine Fisk
“An Ingenious Man Enabled By Contract”: Entrepreneurship And The Rise Of Contract, Catherine Fisk
Catherine Fisk
A legal ideology emerged in the 1870s that celebrated contract as the body of law with the particular purpose of facilitating the formation of productive exchanges that would enrich the parties to the contract and, therefore, society as a whole. Across the spectrum of intellectual property, courts used the legal fiction of implied contract, and a version of it particularly emphasizing liberty of contract, to shift control of workplace knowledge from skilled employees to firms while suggesting that the emergence of hierarchical control and loss of entrepreneurial opportunity for creative workers was consistent with the free labor ideology that dominated …
Do Patent Challenges Increase Competition?, Stephen Yelderman
Do Patent Challenges Increase Competition?, Stephen Yelderman
Stephen Yelderman
As a general rule, judges and scholars believe settlement is a good thing. But for nearly a century, the Supreme Court has said that patent litigation is categorically different, since it offers the chance to increase competition by freeing the public from the burdens of a monopoly. Based on this theory, and in the hopes of seeing more patent litigation fought to completion, the Court has overturned long-standing common-law doctrines, declined to enforce otherwise-valid contracts, and—in the recent case of Federal Trade Commission v Actavis, Inc—subjected patent settlements to scrutiny under the antitrust laws. Similar reasoning has resulted in legislative …
Patents And Traditional Knowledge Of The Uses Of Plants: Is A Communal Patent Regime Part Of The Solution To The Scourge Of Bio Piracy, Ikechi Mgbeoji
Patents And Traditional Knowledge Of The Uses Of Plants: Is A Communal Patent Regime Part Of The Solution To The Scourge Of Bio Piracy, Ikechi Mgbeoji
Ikechi Mgbeoji
No abstract provided.
Regulatory Property: The New Ip, Robin C. Feldman
Regulatory Property: The New Ip, Robin C. Feldman
Robin C Feldman
Sharing Research Data And Intellectual Property Law: A Primer, Michael W. Carroll
Sharing Research Data And Intellectual Property Law: A Primer, Michael W. Carroll
Michael W. Carroll
The Emergence Of Classical American Patent Law, Herbert Hovenkamp
The Emergence Of Classical American Patent Law, Herbert Hovenkamp
Herbert Hovenkamp
The Emergence of Classical Patent Law
Abstract
One enduring historical debate concerns whether the American Constitution was intended to be "classical" -- referring to a theory of statecraft that maximizes the role of private markets and minimizes the role of government in economic affairs. The most central and powerful proposition of classical constitutionalism is that the government's role in economic development should be minimal. First, private rights in property and contract exist prior to any community needs for development. Second, if a particular project is worthwhile the market itself will make it occur. Third, when the government attempts to induce …
Constitutionalizing Patents: From Venice To Philadelphia, Craig Allen Nard, Andrew P. Morriss
Constitutionalizing Patents: From Venice To Philadelphia, Craig Allen Nard, Andrew P. Morriss
Andrew P. Morriss
Patent law today is a complex institution in most developed economies and the appropriate structure for patent law is hotly debated around the world. Despite their differences, one crucial feature is shared by the diverse patent systems of the industrialized world even before the recent trend toward harmonization: modern patent regimes include self-imposed restrictions of executive and legislative discretion, which we refer to as "constitutionalized" systems. Given the lucrative nature of patent monopolies, the long history of granting patents as a form of patronage, and the aggressive pursuit of patronage in most societies, the choice to confine patents within a …
Constitutionalizing Patents: From Venice To Philadelphia, Craig Allen Nard, Andrew P. Morriss
Constitutionalizing Patents: From Venice To Philadelphia, Craig Allen Nard, Andrew P. Morriss
Andrew P. Morriss
Patent law today is a complex institution in most developed economies and the appropriate structure for patent law is hotly debated around the world. Despite their differences, one crucial feature is shared by the diverse patent systems of the industrialized world even before the recent trend toward harmonization: modern patent regimes include self-imposed restrictions of executive and legislative discretion, which we refer to as "constitutionalized" systems. Given the lucrative nature of patent monopolies, the long history of granting patents as a form of patronage, and the aggressive pursuit of patronage in most societies, the choice to confine patents within a …
The World’S Laboratory: China’S Patent Boom, It Standards And The Implications For The Global Knowledge, Christopher Mcelwain, Dennis Fernandez
The World’S Laboratory: China’S Patent Boom, It Standards And The Implications For The Global Knowledge, Christopher Mcelwain, Dennis Fernandez
Christopher McElwain
Just as China’s factories disrupted the economics of IT hardware, its research labs have the potential to disrupt the economics of the technology itself. In 2014, China’s patent office received nearly 2.4 million patent applications, 93% from domestic applicants. China has also climbed to third place in terms of international applications, with over 21,000 WIPO PCT applications. Meanwhile, China has taken an assertive role in setting technology standards, both at the national and international levels. In the past, this has included developing and promoting alternatives to important IT standards as a means of challenging perceived monopolies by certain (foreign-dominated) technologies. …
The Classical Constitution, Herbert Hovenkamp
The Classical Constitution, Herbert Hovenkamp
Herbert Hovenkamp
Conservative and libertarian constitutional writers have often pined for return to a "classical" understanding of American federal and state Constitutions. "Classical" does not necessarily mean "originalist" or "interpretivist." Some classical views, such as the attempt to revitalize Lochner-style economic due process, find little support in the text of the federal Constitution or any of the contemporary state constitutions. Rather, constitutional meaning is thought to lie in a background link between constitution formation and classical statecraft. The core theory rests on the assumption of a social contract to which everyone in some initial position agreed. Like any contract, it would …
Antitrust And Information Technologies, Herbert Hovenkamp
Antitrust And Information Technologies, Herbert Hovenkamp
Herbert Hovenkamp
Technological change strongly affects the use of information to facilitate anticompetitive practices. The effects result mainly from digitization and the many products and processes that it enables. These technologies also account for a significant portion of the difficulties that antitrust law encounters when its addresses intellectual property rights. Changes in the technologies of information also affect the structures of certain products, in the process either increasing or decreasing the potential for competitive harm. For example, digital technology affects the way firms exercise market power, but it also imposes serious measurement difficulties. In purely digital markets intellectual property rights are crucial …
Antitrust And The Patent System: A Reexamination, Herbert Hovenkamp
Antitrust And The Patent System: A Reexamination, Herbert Hovenkamp
Herbert Hovenkamp
Since the federal antitrust laws were first passed they have cycled through extreme positions on the relationship between competition law and the patent system. Previous studies of antitrust and the patent system have generally assumed that patents are valid, discrete, and generally of high quality in the sense that they further innovation. As a result, increasing the returns to patenting increases the incentive to do socially valuable innovation. Further, if the returns to the patentee exceed the social losses caused by increased exclusion, the tradeoff is positive and antitrust should not interfere. If a patent does nothing to further innovation, …
The Crispr Revolution: What Editing Human Dna Reveals About The Patent System’S Dna, Robin C. Feldman
The Crispr Revolution: What Editing Human Dna Reveals About The Patent System’S Dna, Robin C. Feldman
Robin C Feldman
Do Patent Licensing Demands Mean Innovation?, Robin C. Feldman, Mark A. Lemley
Do Patent Licensing Demands Mean Innovation?, Robin C. Feldman, Mark A. Lemley
Robin C Feldman
Patenting Physibles: A Fresh Perspective For Claiming 3d-Printable Products, Daniel Harris Brean
Patenting Physibles: A Fresh Perspective For Claiming 3d-Printable Products, Daniel Harris Brean
Daniel Harris Brean
Maturing Patent Theory From Industrial Policy To Intellectual Property, Oskar Liivak
Maturing Patent Theory From Industrial Policy To Intellectual Property, Oskar Liivak
Oskar Liivak
We have always known that technological progress is important and this country has always aimed to promote it. A large part of that responsibility has fallen on the shoulders of the patent system. Embarrassingly, despite over two hundred years of experience, we still do not actually know if the patent system helps or hinders technological progress. This Essay argues that the problem is not the patent system but rather patent theory. Patent theory suffers from three linked problems: exceptionalness, indeterminacy, and animosity. First, patent law is seen as a necessarily unique exception to the overall market economy. By artificially making …
Establishing An Island Of Patent Sanity, Oskar Liivak
Establishing An Island Of Patent Sanity, Oskar Liivak
Oskar Liivak
There is a growing, inescapable sense that something has gone terribly wrong with the patent system. The patent system is described as a failure, broken, and dysfunctional. Yet, despite the fact that much of today’s headline-grabbing patent activity appears facially unproductive, we really can’t be sure that the system has failed in its mission. Current patent theory is so indeterminate that it is hard to decisively criticize these activities. In fact, the current narrative cannot conclusively show that patent trolls or any other patent-related activities are or are not economically justified. Though depressing and perhaps embarrassing, this patent indeterminacy is …
Patents, Genetically Modified Foods, And Ip Overreaching, Elizabeth A. Rowe
Patents, Genetically Modified Foods, And Ip Overreaching, Elizabeth A. Rowe
Elizabeth A Rowe
Genetically engineered plants and animals have become and will continue to constitute a large part of the food we consume. The United States is the world's largest producer of genetically modified foods, making American consumers the most exposed population to these products. Agricultural biotechnology patents spur and support innovation. Accordingly, patent law is one of the main contributors to this phenomenon that has changed not only the kinds of food we eat, but the nature of the agri-business industry that produces these foods. This Article takes on an area of concern involving the patenting of food that has remained unexplored: …
The Rule Of Reason And The Scope Of The Patent, Herbert Hovenkamp
The Rule Of Reason And The Scope Of The Patent, Herbert Hovenkamp
Herbert Hovenkamp
For a century and a half the Supreme Court has described perceived patent abuses as conduct that reaches "beyond the scope of the patent." That phrase, which evokes an image of boundary lines in real property, has been applied to both government and private activity and has many different meanings. It has been used offensively to conclude that certain patent uses are unlawful because they extend beyond the scope of the patent. It is also used defensively, however, to characterize activities as lawful if they do not extend beyond the patent's scope. In the first half of the twentieth century …
One Hundred Nos: An Empirical Analysis Of The First 100 Denials Of Institution For Inter Partes And Covered Business Method Patent Reviews, Jonathan R. K. Stroud, Jarrad Wood
One Hundred Nos: An Empirical Analysis Of The First 100 Denials Of Institution For Inter Partes And Covered Business Method Patent Reviews, Jonathan R. K. Stroud, Jarrad Wood
Jonathan R. K. Stroud
Tasked in 2011 with creating three powerful new patent review trial regimes, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office—through the efforts of their freshly empowered quasi-judicial body, the Patent Trial and Appeals Board—set to creating a fast-paced trial with minimal discovery and maximum efficiency. In the first two years of existence, the proceedings have proved potent, holding unpatentable many of the claims that reach decisions on the merits. Yet a small subsection of petitions never make it past the starting gate, resulting in wasted time and effort on the parts of petitioners—and likely sighs of relief from the rights-holders. Parties on …
Patents, Antitrust, And The Rule Of Reason, Herbert Hovenkamp
Patents, Antitrust, And The Rule Of Reason, Herbert Hovenkamp
Herbert Hovenkamp
Antitrust law has historically immunized many patent agreements if they fell within the "scope of the patent." Three dissenting Justices in the Actavis case advocated this test: a pharmaceutical pay-for-delay settlement falls within the scope of the patent if it delays a competitor's entry no longer than the remaining life of the patent. In that case the patentee will not be obtaining any more than it would from a valid patent -- namely, the right to exclude infringers for the full patent term.
The "scope of the patent" test is not useful for defining the boundaries of antitrust immunity in …
Commercialization Awards, Camilla A. Hrdy
Commercialization Awards, Camilla A. Hrdy
Camilla A Hrdy
Some patent law scholars have proposed introducing new forms of patents to promote commercialization of inventions that would not otherwise be commercialized, or at least not within a reasonable period of time. In this Article I suggest that so-called commercialization patents are unnecessary because the United States already has a system for promoting commercialization of inventions that does not require creating unprecedented exclusive rights: direct government financing. Drawing on statutes and administrative codes, I provide an in-depth account of the major commercialization financing options for inventors and entrepreneurs at both the federal and state levels. I then compare these incentives, …
Patent Assertion Entities & Privateers: Economic Harms To Innovation & Competition, Robert G. Harris
Patent Assertion Entities & Privateers: Economic Harms To Innovation & Competition, Robert G. Harris
Robert G Harris
This paper addresses the problems of aggressive rent-seeking activities by patent assertion entities (PAEs) and privateers. Section II explains why aggressive patent assertion is especially problematic in patent thick products and systems (such as computers, smartphones and software), and why technological developments have increased the number and “density” of patent thickets. Section III addresses the fundamental differences in the strategic positions and interests of practicing entities and PAEs, and explains why those differences affect the conduct of PAEs and increase the opportunities for, and economic harm caused by, their rent-seeking conduct and efforts to engage in patent hold-up. Section IV …
Ptrc Resources At Sacred Heart University’S Ryan Matura Library:Trademarks & Patents, Amy Jansen, Robert Berry
Ptrc Resources At Sacred Heart University’S Ryan Matura Library:Trademarks & Patents, Amy Jansen, Robert Berry
Robert Berry
No abstract provided.