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Articles 1 - 28 of 28
Full-Text Articles in Intellectual Property Law
The Not-So-Standard Model: Reconsidering Agency-Head Review Of Administrative Adjudication Decisions, Rebecca S. Eisenberg, Nina A. Mendelson
The Not-So-Standard Model: Reconsidering Agency-Head Review Of Administrative Adjudication Decisions, Rebecca S. Eisenberg, Nina A. Mendelson
Articles
The Supreme Court has invalidated multiple legislative design choices for independent agency structures in recent years, citing Article II and the need for political accountability through presidential control of agencies. In United States v. Arthrex, Inc., the Court turned to administrative adjudication, finding an Appointments Clause violation in the assignment of certain final patent adjudication decisions to appellate panels of unconfirmed administrative patent judges. As a remedy, a different majority declared unenforceable a statutory provision that had insulated Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) administrative adjudication decisions from political review for almost a century. The Court thereby enabled the politically appointed …
Branded: Trademark Tattoos, Slave Owner Brands, And The Right To Have "Free" Skin, Shontavia Johnson
Branded: Trademark Tattoos, Slave Owner Brands, And The Right To Have "Free" Skin, Shontavia Johnson
Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review
Though existing for several millennia in various cultures, body modification through tattooing is becoming more popular in the United States. Twenty percent of Americans have at least one tattoo, and among Millennials this number grows to almost forty percent. As the popularity of tattoos has increased in recent years, so too have questions revolving around concepts of intellectual property and the plausible limitations of any rights stemming therefrom. This Article addresses the implications, for both the tattooist and the tattooed, of using trademarked designations as tattoos. Neither the courts nor Congress have definitively answered the question of how traditional trademark …
Appellate Review Of Patent Claim Construction: Should The Federal Circuit Be Its Own Lexicographer In Matters Related To The Seventh Amendment, Eileen M. Herlihy
Appellate Review Of Patent Claim Construction: Should The Federal Circuit Be Its Own Lexicographer In Matters Related To The Seventh Amendment, Eileen M. Herlihy
Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review
The Federal Circuit stated in an en banc decision in Cybor Corp. v. FAS Technologies, Inc. that the construction of patent claims is "a purely legal issue," and is therefore subject to de novo review on appeal. The Cybor decision reaffirmed the position of the majority of the Federal Circuit which had been announced in its en banc Markman decision, and proclaimed that the de novo standard of review is supported by the Supreme Court's Markman decision, a Seventh Amendment opinion. However, Cybor included strong opposition to a de novo standard of review from some of the judges of the …
"By Night She Fought For Fair Use": Restoring The Integrity Of Copyright Law, One Comic-Book Reader At A Time, Jessica Sawyer Wang
"By Night She Fought For Fair Use": Restoring The Integrity Of Copyright Law, One Comic-Book Reader At A Time, Jessica Sawyer Wang
Michigan Law Review
Students of copyright law quickly learn that the subject is counterintuitive. One of the first revelations of this is-somewhat alarmingly-the purpose of copyright itself. Contrary to popular belief, copyright is not just about protecting an artist's creation, but sharing it. Simultaneously protecting a work and sharing it helps to fulfill the Constitution's mandate that Congress "promote the Progress of Science ... by securing for limited Times to Authors ... the exclusive Right to their ... Writings." In other words, Congress is to promote learning and the advancement of our culture. The symbiosis of protecting and sharing is effected through the …
Fair Use And The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Thomas J. Loos
Fair Use And The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Thomas J. Loos
Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review
In the last decade of the 20th Century, more than 200 years after the first Copyright Act of 1790, the rights of copyright owners have increased relative to those of the public. The Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990 provided a limited right to visual artists to control their work; even after sold, limiting first use rights. The first copyright act had a 28 year term; in 1998, the term of copyright was increased to the life of the author plus 70 years. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) of 1998 dramatically shrank the fair use rights provided under 17 …
Eldred's Aftermath: Tradition, The Copyright Clause, And The Constitutionalization Of Fair Use, Stephen M. Mcjohn
Eldred's Aftermath: Tradition, The Copyright Clause, And The Constitutionalization Of Fair Use, Stephen M. Mcjohn
Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review
Eldred v. Ashcroft offered the Supreme Court broad issues about the scope of Congress's constitutional power to legislate in the area of intellectual property. In 1998, Congress added twenty years to the term of all copyrights, both existing and future copyrights. But for this term extension, works created during the 1920s and 1930s would be entering the public domain. Now such works will remain under copyright until 2018 and beyond. Eldred v. Ashcroft rejected two challenges to the constitutionality of the copyright extension. The first challenge contended that Congress had exceeded its power to grant copyrights for "limited Times" in …
Constitutional Purpose And Inter-Clause Conflict: The Constraints Imposed On Congress By The Copyright Clause, Andrew M. Hetherington
Constitutional Purpose And Inter-Clause Conflict: The Constraints Imposed On Congress By The Copyright Clause, Andrew M. Hetherington
Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review
The argument that the preamble of the Copyright Clause provides a strict constraint on congressional intellectual property legislation has met with broad support among legal academics, but it is viewed with some skepticism by the judiciary. The Supreme Court did acknowledge in Eldred that intellectual property legislation must, in at least some sense, promote the progress of science, but stressed that it is for Congress, not the courts, to decide what does and does not promote progress. The Court specifically rejected a "stringent" form of rational basis review for Copyright Clause enactments proposed in Justice Breyer's dissent, noting that the …
Copyright And Time: A Proposal, Joseph P. Liu
Copyright And Time: A Proposal, Joseph P. Liu
Michigan Law Review
This Article makes a very specific and concrete proposal: it argues that courts should adjust the scope of copyright protection to account for the passage of time by expressly considering time as a factor in fair use analysis. More specifically, this Article argues that the older a copyrighted work is, the greater the scope of fair use should be - that is, the greater the ability of others to re-use, critique, transform, and adapt the copyrighted work without permission of the copyright owner. Conversely, the newer the work, the narrower the scope of fair use. Or, even more concretely, this …
Patents And The Progress Of Science: Exclusive Rights And Experimental Use, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Patents And The Progress Of Science: Exclusive Rights And Experimental Use, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Articles
In this article I analyze the proper scope of an experimental use exemption from patent infringement liability by comparing the rationales behind promoting technological progress through granting exclusive patent rights in inventions with competing arguments for promoting scientific progress by allowing all investigators to enjoy free access to the discoveries of other scientists. I begin by reviewing key features of the patent laws and theoretical justifications for granting patent monopolies in order to clarify the implications of existing patent doctrine and theory for an experimental use exemption. I then look to the literature in the sociology, history, and philosophy of …
The Availability Of Jury Trials In Copyright Infringement Cases: Limiting The Scope Of The Seventh Amendment, Andrew W. Stumpff
The Availability Of Jury Trials In Copyright Infringement Cases: Limiting The Scope Of The Seventh Amendment, Andrew W. Stumpff
Michigan Law Review
This Note argues that statutory copyright damages are properly regarded as equitable and hence that no right to a jury trial exists in cases brought to recover such damages. More generally, the Note maintains that the seventh amendment's distinction between equitable and legal causes of action has produced irrational consequences, and proposes that "legal" issues be defined narrowly so as to limit the scope of the seventh amendment. Part I analyzes the debate over statutory copyright damages, concluding that historical and statutory construction arguments require these damages to be construed as legal. Part II examines some of the problems that …
The Rise Of The Supreme Court Reporter: An Institutional Perspective On Marshall Court Ascendancy, Craig Joyce
The Rise Of The Supreme Court Reporter: An Institutional Perspective On Marshall Court Ascendancy, Craig Joyce
Michigan Law Review
This Article will first explore the antecedents to, and beginnings of, the reporter system under Alexander J. Dallas and William Cranch. Next, the Article will examine the transformation of the system under the Court's first official Reporter, the scholarly Henry Wheaton. Finally, the Article will recount the struggle between Wheaton and his more practical successor, Richard Peters, Jr., that culminated in 1834 in the Court's declaration that its decisions are the property of the people of the United States, and not of the Court's Reporters.
Copyright-Notice Requirements-Pitfalls For The Unwary, Gregor N. Neff
Copyright-Notice Requirements-Pitfalls For The Unwary, Gregor N. Neff
Michigan Law Review
Whether judicial remedy of the situation will be adequate or whether legislative change is necessary to remedy the situation presents another problem; but the need for remedy seems clear. The purpose of this comment is to discuss these pitfalls and to indicate present judicial trends regarding these problems. Proposed remedies, both legislative and judicial, will be listed and evaluated where possible.
Constitutional Law - Commerce Clause - Federal Jurisdiction In Trade-Mark Infringement Proceedings Under The Lanham Act, Richard R. Dailey
Constitutional Law - Commerce Clause - Federal Jurisdiction In Trade-Mark Infringement Proceedings Under The Lanham Act, Richard R. Dailey
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff's trade-mark, "Minute Maid," had been registered under the Lanham Act in 1952 and had been used in interstate commerce in connection with the sale of frozen fruit juice concentrates since that time. Defendant's trade-mark consisted in part of the words "Minute Made." Defendant used its mark wholly within the State of Florida in the processing and sale of frozen meat products. Both plaintiff and defendant were Florida corporations. In a suit for trade-mark infringement, jurisdiction of the federal district court depended. on the provisions of the Lanham Act. The complaint alleged damage to plaintiff's good will established in interstate …
Borderland - Where Copyright And Design Patent Meet, Richard W. Pogue
Borderland - Where Copyright And Design Patent Meet, Richard W. Pogue
Michigan Law Review
Copyright law and design patent law contemplate basically different objects of protection. Yet at the outer fringes of these types of protection certain concepts overlap to form a rather undefined borderland in which it is difficult to say what law is applicable-copyright law, patent law, neither, or both. It is the purpose of this paper to explore this borderland area in the light of traditional copyright and patent law principles, with attention given to policy considerations involved, and to offer suggestions toward drawing a sharper boundary between the two.
Compulsory Licensing By Judicial Action: A Remedy For Misuse Of Patents, Neal Seegert
Compulsory Licensing By Judicial Action: A Remedy For Misuse Of Patents, Neal Seegert
Michigan Law Review
Having viewed the fundamental problems, it is pertinent to outline some of the alleged abuses of the American patent system as it operates in our modern business and industrial economy and to canvass some of the proposed remedies. First are abuses that might be termed attempts to extend the duration of the patent monopoly. These stem mainly from the procedural aspects of the patent laws. Foremost among them is the problem of long pendency of applications, particularly the dilatory tactics that are possible under the law, which postpone issuance of the patent, thus extending the time duration of the patent …
Abstracts, Katherine Kempfer
Abstracts, Katherine Kempfer
Michigan Law Review
The abstracts consist merely of summaries of the facts and holdings of recent cases and are distinguished from the notes by the absence of discussion.
Constitutional Law-Resale Price Maintenance -Fair Trade Acts, Joseph H. Mueller
Constitutional Law-Resale Price Maintenance -Fair Trade Acts, Joseph H. Mueller
Michigan Law Review
Four cases upholding the validity of the California and Illinois Fair Trade Acts were recently sustained by the United States Supreme Court. All four cases involved a similar set of facts. Plaintiffs, the owners or authorized distributors of certain well known trade-marked articles, entered into a series of contracts with wholesalers and retailers fixing the resale prices of their branded products. When defendants, certain retailers who had refused to enter into such agreements, persisted in reselling the articles below the prices stipulated in the contracts with other retailers, plaintiffs sued to enjoin them under the provisions of the state Fair …
Copyright And Morals, Edward S. Rogers
Copyright And Morals, Edward S. Rogers
Michigan Law Review
The basis for national copyright legislation in this country is Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution: "The Congress shall have power * * * to promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries."
Note And Comment, George E. Kennedy, John S. Kelley, Donald F. Melhorn, Grover C. Grismore
Note And Comment, George E. Kennedy, John S. Kelley, Donald F. Melhorn, Grover C. Grismore
Michigan Law Review
The Right of the Patentee to Control the Resale Price - Of the recent decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, Bauer and Cie. v. O'Donnell, the so-called Price Maintenance Case, was of vital importance to a large number of manufacturers of patented articles. That this decision had a great effect upon such manufacturers is evidenced by the various ingenious methods ahd devices which have since been adopted by numerous manufacturers to avoid the operation and application of the principles set forth in the decision of that case.
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Bankruptcy--Actos of Bankruptcy--Partnership Preferences; Bankruptcy--constitutional Protection Afforded by the Fourth and Fifth Amendments to the Constitution; Bankruptcy--Interest--When Payable After Date of Filing Petition and up to date of Payment; Banks and Banking--Payment of Check to Wrong Person--Estoppel; Bills and Notes--Construction of Instrument--Negotiable Notes; bills and Notes--Indorsers--Notice of Dishonor by Telephone--Sufficiency; constitutional Law--Due Process of Law--Criminal Insane; electricity--Interfering Currents; Equity--Injunction Against Unfair Competition; Fishery--In Gross or Appurtenant; Homestead--Abandonment--Removal From State; Insanity--Court Cannot Interfere if Defendant has Refused to Set it up as a Defense at the Trial; Insurance--Foreign Insurance Companies--Liability on Losses Occurring After Dissolution; Libel and Slander--Qualified Privilege--Priest and Congregation; …
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Adverse Possession--Hostile Character--Possession Under Executory Contract for Sale; Bills and Notes--Bona Fide Purchase--Effect of Taking After Maturity; Bills and Notes--Bona Fide Purchase--Payment of Forged Check--Recovery of Payment; Bills and Notes--Invalidity of Note--Recovery Upon Original Consideration; Constitutional law--Due Process of Law--Situs of Ship for Purposes of Taxation; contracts--Sufficiency of Typewritten Signature; Copyright--Moving Pictures as Dramatization of Book; Corporations--Stockholder's Meetings--Effect of Withdrawal of Stockholders; Courts--The New Commerce Court--Jurisdiction--First Decision; Covenants Running with the Land--Building Restrictions; Damages--Excessiveness--Personal Injuries--Remittitur; Dead Bodies--Burial Determination of Place; Easements--Merger--Use by Owner of Servient Estate--Adverse Possession; Homicide--Burden of Proof When Insanity is a Defense; Intoxicating Liquors--Illegal Sale--"Dispensing"; Judgment--Collateral Attack--Defective …
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Attorney and Client--Application for License--Power of Court; Bills and Notes--Accommodation Maker--Evidence Excluded to Change Liability; Carriers--Conclusiveness of Ticket Between Conductor and Passenger; Constitutional Law--Police Power--Equal Protection of Laws--"Public Dancing Academy"; Copyrights--Infringement--Musical Composition; Damages--Breach of Contract; Damages--Excessive; Deeds--Grantee a Deceased Person; Divorce--Enforcement of Order Allowing Alimony Pendente Lite; Equity--Injunction--Right of a Fraternal Order to Prevent Infringement of Its Name; Equity--Specific Performance--Contract Not Enforceable as a Whole; Evidence--Limitation of Number of Witnesses--When Reversible Error; Executors and Administrators--Liability for Funeral Expenses; Gas Companies--Right to Withdraw from Municipality; Husband and Wife--Community or Separate Property--Presumption; Husband and Wife--right to Separate Maintenance--Consideration; Landlord and Tenant--Breach of …
Recent Important Decisions, Michigal Law Review
Recent Important Decisions, Michigal Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Appeal and Error--Attorney's Interest in Case on Appeal--Contingent Fee; Bankruptcy--discharge--subsequent Action for Fraud; Bills and Notes--Usury No Defense Against a bona Fide Holder--Construction of Negotiable Instruments Statute; Boundaries--Street, Terminus A Quo; Carriers--Hepbern Act--State and Federal Courts--Phrase "Caused by It"; Chattel Mortgages--Payment without Notice of Assignment--Construction of a Mortgage Provision; Constitutional Law--Equal Protection of Laws--Statute Requiring Screens on Cars Operated by Corporations; Constitutional Law--Equal Protection of the Laws--Class Legislation; Contracts--No Recovery Under an Entire Illegal Contract; Contracts--Validity of Contract in Contemplation of Divorce; Courts--Federal Courts--authority of Decision of State Courts--"Telegraph"; Covenants--Breach of that Against Incumbrances; Elections--Ballots--Indication of Choice by Voter; Evidence--Facts …
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Adjoining Landowners--Excavations--"Contiguous" Structures; Aliens--Naturalization--Persons of Japanese Race--"White Persons"; Bankruptcy--Suit by Trustee--Recovery of Property Transferred by Bankrupt; Carriers--Duty to Person Riding on Engine; Carriers--Through Contract--Liability of Connecting Carriers; Color of Title as Extending Possession of Adverse Claimant--Deed to Claimant's Vendor; Constitutional Law--Due Process of Law--White and Negro Pupils; Constitutional Law--Interstate Commerce--Power of Congress to Regulate; Constitutional Law--Secret Societies--Unauthorized Wearing of Badges; Conversion--Time of Conversion--Pledges--Assertion of Title; Corporations--Stockholder's Liability--Enforcement in Other States; Damages--For Interference with Employment--Mental Suffering an Element; Dedication--Acceptance--Ordinance Fixing Grade; Deed--Acknowledgement Taken by Officer and Stockholder of Corporation Grantor; Deeds--Building Restriction--"Front Property Line" of Corner Lot; Deeds--Restrictive Covenant--Electric Light Station …
Note And Comment, Harry B. Hutchins, Ralph W. Aigler, Fabian B. Dodds, Justice Wilson
Note And Comment, Harry B. Hutchins, Ralph W. Aigler, Fabian B. Dodds, Justice Wilson
Michigan Law Review
What is the Practice of Medicine?; A Home Rule Charter and the Constitution; Recent Decisions on Trade-Marks and Unfair Trade; Liability of Anomalous or Irregular Indorser; Treatise Part of the Supreme Law of the Land;
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Arbitration and Award--By-Laws of Board of Trade--Ousting Courts' Jurisdiction; Bills and Notes--Accommodation Indorsement--Conflict of Laws; Bills and Notes--Material Alteration; Common Carriers--Duty to Notify Passenger of Arrival at His Destination--Must Awaken Sleeping Passenger if His Destination is Known; Constitutional Law--Anti-Trust Laws--Equal Protection of the Laws; Constitutional Law--Insurance--State Statutes Prohibiting Combinations Among Insurance Companies--Do Not Violate Fourteenth Amendment; Constitutional Law--Prosecution by Information due Process of Law; Contracts--Agreement to Employ Only Members of a Certain Union; Contracts--Public Policy--Location of Depots; Corporations--Reduction of Stock--Equitable Relief--Powers of Officers; Corporations--Suit by Stockholders--Refusal of Directors to Sue; Corporations--Suit in Stockholders' Names--Device to Confer Jurisdiction on Federal Courts; …
Note And Comment, Michigan Law Review
Note And Comment, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Constitutional Law--Compelling one to be a Witness Against Himself--Comparing Defendant's Shoe with Footprints; Rights in Inventions as Between Employer and Employee; Constitutional Law--Power of Legislature to Prescribe Rules of Evidence--Making Conveyance by Person Indebted Prima Facie Evidence of Intent to Defraud Creditors; Decorum of Attorney in Argument--Propriety of Appeals to the Pathetic or Sentimental; Liability of United States for Injury from Elevator in its Public Buildings--Implied Contract to Operate Safely--Case "Sounding in Tort"; Statutes Regulating the Practice of Medicine--Osteopathy; Precedents
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Agency--Authority to Appoint Sub-Agents; Agency--right to Compensation; Bankruptcy--Discharge; Bankruptcy--Discharge; Banks and Banking--Crediting Depositor--Check of Another Depositor; Conflict of Laws--Legitimation of a Bastard--Status Fixed by Domicile of his Parents; Conflict of Laws--Lex Loci Fori--Right of Action in England for Acts in Foreign Country--Territorial Waters; Constitutional Law--Summary Sale of Trespassing Animals; Contract--Public Policy--General Restraint of Trade; Contract--Validity--Release of Employer for Liability to next of Kin for Injury to Employee; Elections--Right of a Party Committee to Question Eligibility of a Candidate; Fraudulent Conveyances--Contingent Fees; Insurance--Condition for Immediate Notice--Excuse; Married Women--Power to Enter into Partnership with Husband--Set off of Debt Due by Partner in …