Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
- Keyword
-
- Human rights (3)
- Jus cogens (3)
- Protection (3)
- Refugee law (3)
- Refugees (3)
-
- Treaties (3)
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (3)
- Asylum (2)
- Atrocities (2)
- Borders (2)
- Customary international law (2)
- Gender-based violence (2)
- International criminal law (2)
- International human rights law (2)
- Law reform (2)
- Public international law (2)
- Refugee Convention (2)
- Violence against women (2)
- Women's rights (2)
- Accountability (1)
- Arab countries (1)
- Armed Conflicts (1)
- Article 17 European Convention on Human Rights (1)
- Article 38(1) ICJ Statute (1)
- Article 38(1) Statute of the International Court of Justice (1)
- Child Soldiers (1)
- Communitariansim (1)
- Conflict-related sexual violence (1)
- Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) (1)
- Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication Type
Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Human Rights Law
The Intenational Crimial Court (Icc) As A Mechanism For Global Justice And Rule Of Law, Paolo Davide Farah
The Intenational Crimial Court (Icc) As A Mechanism For Global Justice And Rule Of Law, Paolo Davide Farah
Book Chapters
Throughout history, institutions have been the chosen platforms for governing and regulating society. However, in the twenty-first century, with unprecedented connectivity and interdependence, working toward multilateral solutions for global challenges, whether in climate change through the UNFCCC or in trade via the World Trade Organization, has become increasingly complex. This rise in complexity within the international landscape has not been met with proportional attention to cooperation, conflict resolution, and harmonizing human values.
It is relevant to highlight the intersection between the International Criminal Court (ICC) and broader questions within international humanitarian law, (IHL) its interconnections and intertwinement with International Criminal …
L’Europe Face Aux Défis De Pluralismes Inattendu, Vivian Grosswald Curran
L’Europe Face Aux Défis De Pluralismes Inattendu, Vivian Grosswald Curran
Book Chapters
This contribution to a Festschrift in honor of Mireille Delmas-Marty explores the challenges for Delmas-Marty’s aim of “ordered pluralism” within the EU, given the departures from fundamental EU values by some of its Member States in recent years. It touches on the divided pasts of the Western and Eastern members of the EU, building on work of C. Joerges and T. Snyder in that area, addressing how the different historical narratives may be understood. It also suggests the utility of Article 17 of the European Convention, as was done by the partially concurring, partially dissenting judges in the Navalny v. …
From The Spectacular To The Everyday: International Law, Violence And The Agenda For Women, Peace And Security, Christine M. Chinkin
From The Spectacular To The Everyday: International Law, Violence And The Agenda For Women, Peace And Security, Christine M. Chinkin
Book Chapters
This article looks at the conceptions of violence within WPS and thus within these diverse international legal regimes as they relate to women and girls. It first examines the regulation of inter-state violence, both legal recourse to the use of force and constraints upon the means and methods of warfare. It then outlines how state obligations to prevent and punish violence against women were brought into human rights law in the early 1990s, primarily by the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW Committee). The WPS resolutions are then summarised, focusing on provisions for the prevention of …
‘Sexualized Slavery’ And Customary International Law, Patricia Viseur Sellers, Jocelyn Getgen Kestenbaum
‘Sexualized Slavery’ And Customary International Law, Patricia Viseur Sellers, Jocelyn Getgen Kestenbaum
Book Chapters
This chapter examines the doctrinal avenues for the recognition and prosecution of ‘sexualized slavery’. The Hissène Habré trial and appellate judgments represent watershed legal decisions rendering long-denied justice to victims of the brutal Chadian regime. Delayed charges of credible sexual violence inflicted upon both males and females challenged the judges of the Extraordinary African Chambers (EAC) in Senegal. Legal characterizations of sexual assaults ultimately attributed to Habré represent significant jurisprudential advancements on rape, sexual slavery, and torture as international crimes. The EAC's observations acknowledge that sexual slavery constitutes part of the actus reus of enslavement as crime against humanity and …
Between The Margins And The Mainstream: The Case Of Women's Rights, Hilary Charlesworth, Christine M. Chinkin
Between The Margins And The Mainstream: The Case Of Women's Rights, Hilary Charlesworth, Christine M. Chinkin
Book Chapters
This chapter investigates the conceptual limits of the field of women’s rights. It identifies two main currents of activity in the field: the elaboration of human rights standards, particularly through the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of 1979; and the development of the ‘Women, Peace and Security’ agenda by the UN Security Council since 2000. Both areas are limited in their understandings of the diverse lives of women. The chapter argues that campaigns for the recognition of women’s rights shuttle between the mainstream and the margins of international law and that the structural …
Theorizing Sexual Violence Against Men In The Middle East And North African Region As Gender-Related Persecution Under Refugee And Asylum Law, Valorie K. Vojdik
Theorizing Sexual Violence Against Men In The Middle East And North African Region As Gender-Related Persecution Under Refugee And Asylum Law, Valorie K. Vojdik
Book Chapters
No abstract provided.
Human Rights, Christine M. Chinkin
Human Rights, Christine M. Chinkin
Book Chapters
The legalisation and judicialisation of international human rights have founded arguments that human rights constitutes a sub-discipline of international law, a ‘distinct jurisprudential phenomenon’, indeed a ‘special law’, central to the anxieties about the fragmentation of international law. The human rights world is a very different one from that envisaged by the VCLT: the latter is an empty, amoral world where States have reciprocal dealings only with other States, where there are no people hurt by States’ actions and demanding reparations, no international institutions creating special mechanisms peopled by experts for monitoring and reporting and no non-governmental organizations (NGOs) demanding …
A Standard Of Global Justice, Steven R. Ratner
A Standard Of Global Justice, Steven R. Ratner
Book Chapters
This chapter presents the standard of justice that is used in this book to appraise international law. That standard is based on two core principles, or what the book calls pillars—the promotion of international and intrastate peace, on the one hand, and respect for the basic human rights of all individuals, on the other. The justice of international norms is determined by the extent to which they lead to a state of affairs involving peace and human rights, with some room for deontological considerations in limited situations. The chapter defends the choice of these two pillars. It elaborates on the …
Gender And Economic, Social, And Cultural Rights, Christine M. Chinkin
Gender And Economic, Social, And Cultural Rights, Christine M. Chinkin
Book Chapters
At the time of adoption of the International Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) in 1966, the concept of gender had not entered the international arena. Relations between women and men in the allocation and enjoyment of rights were addressed through the concept of non-discrimination, inter alia on the basis of sex. The term ‘gender’ began to enter the international agenda in the 1980s, first through the global conferences on women. The World Conference on Human Rights at Vienna in 1993 continued this trend, referring to gender-based violence, gender bias, and gender-disaggregated statistics. It also called for ‘the …
Human Rights Obligations To The Poor, Monica Hakimi
Human Rights Obligations To The Poor, Monica Hakimi
Book Chapters
Poverty unquestionably detracts from the human rights mission. Modern human rights law recognizes a broad range of rights - for example, "to life, liberty, and security of person" and to adequate "food, clothing, and medical care."1 Any number of those rights might go unrealized in conditions of extreme poverty. However, human rights law has always been partly aspirational. For those seeking to improve the lives of the poor, the key question is not what rights exist but how to make those rights operational. What does human rights law actually require of states? And how might its obligations benefit the poor?
The Prohibition Of The Use Of Force, Mary O'Connell
The Prohibition Of The Use Of Force, Mary O'Connell
Book Chapters
From the Publisher
Chapter 4
This chapter concerns the central international legal rule against violence: Article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter. Article 2(4) generally prohibits the use of force by states. It is a treaty rule that is also widely regarded as a rule of customary international law and, indeed, in certain respects, as a peremptory rule or rule of jus cogens. Article 2(4) was adopted along with the rest of the Charter in 1945 after the catastrophe of the Second World War in which an estimated 60 million people died. Despite its relatively recent adoption, Article 2(4) …
Refugees And Asylum, James C. Hathaway
Refugees And Asylum, James C. Hathaway
Book Chapters
During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, European governments enacted a series of immigration laws under which international migration was constrained in order to maximise advantage for States. These new, largely selfinterested laws clashed with the enormity of a series of major population displacements within Europe, including the flight of more than a million Russians between 1917 and 1922, and the exodus during the early 1920s of hundreds of thousands of Armenians from Turkey. The social crisis brought on by the de facto immigration of so many refugees - present without authorisation in countries where they enjoyed no protection …
Between Minimum And Optimum World Public Order: An Ethical Path For The Future, Steven Ratner
Between Minimum And Optimum World Public Order: An Ethical Path For The Future, Steven Ratner
Book Chapters
Among the most significant contributions of policy-oriented jurisprudence to our understanding of international legal process is its identification of minimum and optimum world public order as the overarching goals of international law. Minimum public order in its essence refers to the global state of affairs with limited recourse to unauthorized violence to solve disputes, while optimum public order is synonymous with a world in which human dignity is maximally protected. These two concepts, augmented by other pairings now second-nature to us (for example, authority and control, and myth system and operational code), have also permeated—in the latter case, germinated in—the …
Sources, Christine Chinkin
Sources, Christine Chinkin
Book Chapters
This chapter outlines the sources of international human rights law that are listed in Article 38(1) Statute of the International Court of Justice: treaties, custom, general principles of law, and, as subsidiary sources, judicial decisions and the writings of jurists. The chapter also considers how so-called 'soft law' instruments such as resolutions of the UN General Assembly and the work of human rights expert bodies may also be regarded as sources of human rights law.
Individual Accountability For Human Rights Abuses: Historical And Legal Underpinnings, Steven R. Ratner, Jason S. Abrams, James L. Bischoff
Individual Accountability For Human Rights Abuses: Historical And Legal Underpinnings, Steven R. Ratner, Jason S. Abrams, James L. Bischoff
Book Chapters
The international legal community is beset today with talk of accountability. Governments, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, and scholars speak of the need to hold individuals responsible for official acts that violate the most cherished of international human rights. Some study the nature of various infractions with an eye toward codification; others seek to create or engage mechanisms for trying or otherwise punishing individuals. Their common mission is based on a shared understanding that international law has a role to play not only in setting standards for governments, non-state actors, and their agents, but in prescribing the consequences of a failure …
Do International Organisations Play Favourites? An Impartialist Account, Steven Ratner
Do International Organisations Play Favourites? An Impartialist Account, Steven Ratner
Book Chapters
The recent turn of politics and philosophy to serious appraisals of international law is welcome news for politics, ethics and law. Politics can offer us rich description of the international landscape – the actors and their policies, conflicts and approaches to overcoming them; and political and moral philosophy can produce reasoned prescription for devising a just world order. But international law is a critical bridge between them, for law, with its grounding in the institutional arrangements devised by global actors, provides a path to implementing theories of the right or of the good. Just as scholars of politics have realised …
The Gender Of Jus Cogens, Christine M. Chinkin, Hilary Charlesworth
The Gender Of Jus Cogens, Christine M. Chinkin, Hilary Charlesworth
Book Chapters
Defenders of the notion of jus cogens often explain its basis as the collective international, rather than the individual national, good. On this analysis, principles of jus cogens play a similar role in the international legal system to that played by constitutional guarantees of rights in domestic legal systems. Thus states, as national political majorities, accept the limitation of their freedom of choice "in order to reap the rewards of acting in ways that would elude them under pressures of the moment." Among those jurists who accept the category of jus cogens, however, continuing controversy remains over what norms …
Internal Protection/Relocation/Flight Alternative As An Aspect Of Refugee Status Determination, James C. Hathaway, Michelle Foster
Internal Protection/Relocation/Flight Alternative As An Aspect Of Refugee Status Determination, James C. Hathaway, Michelle Foster
Book Chapters
In many jurisdictions around the world, the possibility of an ‘internal flight alternative’(IFA) (often referred to as ‘internal relocation alternative’) is invoked to deny refugee status to persons at risk of being persecuted for a Convention reason in part, but not all, of their country of origin. In this, as in so many areas of refugee lawand policy, the viability of a universal commitment to protection is challenged by divergence in State practice. The goals of this paper are therefore, first, briefly to review the origins and development of the practice of considering IFA as an aspect of the refugee …
Temporary Protection Of Refugees: Threat Or Solution?, James C. Hathaway
Temporary Protection Of Refugees: Threat Or Solution?, James C. Hathaway
Book Chapters
While many of us in the refugee protection community have traditionally seen temporary protection as something to be resisted, I believe that temporary protection could, in contrast, be a profoundly important part of a solution to the international refugee protection crisis. To make my argument that the right kind of temporary protection could be an important means to give new life to international refugee protection, I will briefly address three issues. First, I would like to suggest why it is that states around the world, in the North and increasingly in the South as well, are refusing the live up …