Education Law Commons^™

The Principle And Practice Of Women's 'Full Citizenship': A Case Study Of Sex-Segregated Public Education, Jill Elaine Hasday

Jill Elaine Hasday

For more than a quarter century, the Supreme Court has repeatedly declared that sex-based state action is subject to heightened scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause. But the Court has always been much less clear about what that standard allows and what it prohibits. For this reason, it is especially noteworthy that one of the Court's most recent sex discrimination opinions, United States v. Virginia, purports to provide more coherent guidance.

Virginia suggests that the constitutionality of sex-based state action turns on whether the practice at issue denies women "full citizenship stature" or "create[s] or perpetuate[s] the legal, social, and …

Charter School Funding Issues, Stephen D. Sugarman

Stephen D Sugarman

No abstract provided.

Teoría General De La Prueba Judicial, Edward Ivan Cueva

Edward Ivan Cueva

No abstract provided.

Random Vs. Suspicion-Based Drug Testing In The Public Schools -- A Surprising Civil Liberties Dilemma, Martin H. Belsky

Martin H. Belsky

The Tecumseh School District had a policy that all students who wished to participate in extracurricular activities that involved some sort of competition had to agree to drug testing before the competition and then randomly thereafter. ... Those selected for accusatory drug testing might be perceived to be wearing a "badge of shame" and be subject to the arbitrary whim of an administrator. ... Vernonia involved a rule requiring drug testing as a condition for participation in extracurricular competitive sports. ... In Earls, the Tecumseh School District adopted a "Student Activities Drug Testing Policy" that required all students who wished …

Other States Should "Get With The Program" And Follow Louisiana's Lead: An Examination Of Louisiana's Direct Action Statute And Its Application In The Marine Insurance Industry, Jonathan C. Augustine

Jonathan C. Augustine

Generally speaking, an insurance agreement is a contractual obligation between two parties, the insured, who pays a premium for the benefit of coverage, and its insurer, who receives the payment and issues a guarantee against loss. Accordingly, by strict definition, the contract of insurance and the insured’s consequential ability to recover for sustained damages is limited as a two party agreement. The Louisiana legislature has been forward thinking in the field of insurance. The state enacted a “direct action statute,” allowing aggrieved third parties to proceed directly against insurers in either tort or contract, for the recovery of damages, when …