Disability Law Commons^™

We Want To Play Too, Peter J. Titlebaum, Kate Brennan, Tracy Chynoweth

Peter J. Titlebaum

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that persons with disabilities be integrated to the maximum extent possible, and that these persons cannot be excluded from participation. Intramural directors need to be proactive in this area. The benefits of intramural sports are vast, and they help many students become part of the college community. Forming an alliance with the Disability Services on campus, the first step, is the most vital aspect of making these programs successful. It is important to remember the difference between what can be done and what must be done. Even with the best of intentions, it …

The Importance Of Work Or Productive Activity In Life Care Planning And Case Management, Christine Reid, Susan Riddick-Grisham

Christine A. Reid

INTRODUCTION: The importance of work or productive activity for the well-being, community integration, and quality of life of people living with disabilities is addressed, with implications for life care planning and case management. BACKGROUND: The role of work or productive activity in our society, and consequences of deprivation if rehabilitation services do not address vocational effects of disabilities, is explored. A continuum of productivity options is introduced; types of vocational rehabilitation assessment processes and interventions are described. PURPOSE: The role of vocational rehabilitation services in life care planning and case management is discussed, focusing on quality of life for people …

Accidentally On Purpose: Intent In Disability Discrimination Law, Mark C. Weber

Mark C. Weber

American disability discrimination laws contain few intent requirements. Yet courts frequently demand showings of intent in disability discrimination lawsuits. Intent requirements arose almost by accident: through a false statutory analogy; by repetition of obsolete judicial language; and by doctrine developed to avoid a nonexistent conflict with another law. Demanding that section 504 and Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) claimants show intent imposes a burden not found in those statutes or their interpretive regulations. This Article provides reasons not to impose intent requirements for liability or monetary relief in section 504 and ADA cases concerning reasonable accommodations. It demonstrates that no …

Every Day Counts: Proposals To Reform The Idea's Due Process Structure, Elizabeth Shaver

Elizabeth Shaver

It is a core principle of special education legislation that the parents of children with disabilities can challenge the child’s educational programming through an administrative due process hearing. Yet, for years the special education due process structure has been criticized as inefficient, anti-collaborative, and prohibitively expensive. Those criticisms have given rise to widely varying proposals to reform special education due process, proposals that range from adding certain alternative dispute resolution mechanisms to a wholesale replacement of the due process structure.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of special education dispute resolution. The article first examines the lively debate among scholars …

Would The Implementation Of The Un Crpd Help The Disabilities Enjoy Fair Human Rights In The Us?, Ashley H. Song Ms.

Ashley Song

Modern discrimination is implicit. The paper finds out the implicit discrimination which comes from the mindset. So called, the ‘cognitive discrimination’ excludes the explicit discrimination prohibited by the legal language of the anti-discrimination law in the US. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) Article 12 states the fair recognition of disabilities. The paper tests if the UN CRPD can extend its meaning of fair recognition to reduce the hidden prejudice.

Disability Discrimination In The Form Of Ad Hoc Examinations, Thomas E. Simmons

Thomas E. Simmons

Disability Pensions, Property Rights And Legitimate Expectations: Béláné Nagy V. Hungary, Mel Cousins

Mel Cousins

Infant Compromise Orders In New York, Gerald Lebovits

Hon. Gerald Lebovits

No abstract provided.

The Uk Testicle Law To Violate Human Rights And Block Iran And The U.S. Ties., Mohamad Ali Ali Yousefkhani Mr

Mohamad Ali Ali Yousefkhani

These days human right it converted a kind of means for the powerful government to abuse the poor people and looted the poor countries resources . the main important country that always change the innocent people fate is The UK. The above country not only convicted lots of country to break human right but also follow its impolite behaves to occupied poor countries . The above country recently doing its all best to dark Iran and The U.S. Ties dye to its disgusting intention .

Playing God: The Legality Of Plans Denying Scarce Resources To People With Disabilities In Public Health Emergencies, Wendy F. Hensel, Leslie E. Wolf

Leslie E. Wolf

Public health emergencies can arise in a number of different ways. They can follow a natural disaster, such as Hurricane Katrina, the 2004 tsunami, and the recent earthquakes in Haiti and Chile. They may be man-made, such as the September 11 attacks and the anthrax scare. They may also be infectious. While no pandemic flu has yet reached the severity of the 1918 flu, there have been several scares, including avian flu and most recently H1N1. Few questions are more ethically or legally loaded than determining who will receive scarce medical resources in the event of a widespread public health …

Punitive Injunctions, Nirej S. Sekhon

Nirej Sekhon

No abstract provided.

Introduction, Symposium On Developmental Disabilities And The Law, L. Lynn Hogue

L. Lynn Hogue

No abstract provided.

Vouchers For Students With Disabilities: The Future Of Special Education?, Wendy F. Hensel

Wendy F. Hensel

Many voices over the last decade have called for reform in special education in American public schools. As the number of those receiving services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”) has grown, scholars and pundits have increasingly argued that the system not only is failing to meet the needs of many children with disabilities, but in some cases is actively causing harm to those it is intended to serve. Over the last several years, an increasing number of state legislatures have proposed or have passed laws that give children with disabilities public money to attend a private school. …

Playing God: The Legality Of Plans Denying Scarce Resources To People With Disabilities In Public Health Emergencies, Wendy F. Hensel, Leslie E. Wolf

Wendy F. Hensel

Public health emergencies can arise in a number of different ways. They can follow a natural disaster, such as Hurricane Katrina, the 2004 tsunami, and the recent earthquakes in Haiti and Chile. They may be man-made, such as the September 11 attacks and the anthrax scare. They may also be infectious. While no pandemic flu has yet reached the severity of the 1918 flu, there have been several scares, including avian flu and most recently H1N1. Few questions are more ethically or legally loaded than determining who will receive scarce medical resources in the event of a widespread public health …

A Call To Action For The Legal Academy, Wendy F. Hensel

Wendy F. Hensel

No abstract provided.

Trends In Special Education Case Law: Frequency And Outcomes Of Published Court Decisions 1998-2012, Zorka Karanxha, Perry A. Zirkel

Zorka Karanxha

Executive Overview • This article determines the frequency and outcomes of published court decisions under the IDEA for students from pre-K through grade 12, starting in January 1998 and ending in October 2012. • The frequency of these decisions trended upward during the 15-year period, particularly during the most recent five-year interval. • The conclusive outcomes favored districts on a 3:1 basis both overall and on relatively consistent longitudinal basis; however, the intermediate outcomes partially ameliorated this pronounced pro-district tendency. • The Second Circuit region (New York, Vermont, and Connecticut) had the highest volume of cases, and the Tenth Circuit …

Painful Disparities, Painful Realities, Amanda C. Pustilnik

Amanda C Pustilnik

Legal doctrines and decisional norms treat chronic claims pain differently than other kinds of disability or damages claims because of bias and confusion about whether chronic pain is real. This is law’s painful disparity. Now, breakthrough neuroimaging can make pain visible, shedding light on these mysterious ills. Neuroimaging shows these conditions are, as sufferers have known all along, painfully real. This Article is about where law ought to change because of innovations in structural and functional imaging of the brain in pain. It describes cutting-edge scientific developments and the impact they should make on evidence law and disability law, and, …

Yttrande Rörande Socialstyrelsens Kunskapsöversikt Om Fc, Gregor Noll

Gregor Noll

No abstract provided.

Negligence And Accommodation: On Taking Others As They Really Are, Avihay Dorfman

Avihay Dorfman

Disagreements over the morality and the efficiency of the standard of reasonable care are at the root of the study of negligence law (and, perhaps, tort law as a whole). They typically proceed as though the most important question that needs to be addressed is that of the content of this standard, namely, the question of what reasonable care is. However, in these pages I shall argue that there exists another important question, which is to say the manner in which reasonable care is evaluated. This question, I show, is neither fixed by nor subservient to the content of the …

Toward A Less Adversarial Relationship Between Chevron And Gardner, James Ridgway

James D. Ridgway

In twenty-five years of judicial review of veterans benefits claims, the courts have failed to reconcile the interpretive canons of veteran friendliness and deference to the agency’s policy making role. This article argues that the courts must develop a coherent relationship between these doctrines by recognizing that each are core values of veterans law. First, it explores the history and nature of these two doctrines that are central to veterans law. Then, It considers how the canons are situated in the spectrum of fact- and value-based judicial review. Ultimately, separation-of-powers principles and the legislative history of the Veterans Judicial Review …

The Dialectics Of Wrongful Life And Wrongful Birth Claims In Israel: A Disability Critique, Sagit Mor

Sagit Mor

No abstract provided.

Invalid Testimony: Disability And Voice In The Criminal Procedure (Co-Authored With Osnat Ein-Dor) (Hebrew), Sagit Mor

Sagit Mor

This Article discuses the sociolegal reality that people with developmental and mental disabilities experience in their interaction with the criminal justice system and the challenges that the criminal system faces when it comes to deal with a case which involves a disabled person. It maintains that the barriers that disabled people face in criminal proceedings do not exist only in pre-trial stages, but also during the trial itself, since courts, too, are impacted by exclusionary legal rules and by cognitive schemas that express negative stereotypes. In 2005 a new law was introduced in Israel: Investigation and Testimony Proceedings (Accommodations for …

In Defense Of Idea Due Process, Mark C. Weber

Mark C. Weber

Due Process hearing rights under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act are under attack. A major professional group and several academic commentators charge that the hearings system advantages middle class parents, that it is expensive, that it is futile, and that it is unmanageable. Some critics would abandon individual rights to a hearing and review in favor of bureaucratic enforcement or administrative mechanisms that do not include the right to an individual hearing before a neutral decision maker. This Article defends the right to a due process hearing. It contends that some criticisms of hearing rights are simply erroneous, and …

Idea Class Actions After Wal-Mart V. Dukes, Mark C. Weber

Mark C. Weber

Wal-Mart v. Dukes overturned the certification of a class of a million and a half female employees alleging sex discrimination in Wal-Mart’s salary and promotion decisions. The Supreme Court ruled that the case did not satisfy the requirement that a class have a common question of law or fact, and said that the remedy sought was not the type of relief available under the portion of the class action rule permitting mandatory class actions. Over the last two years, courts have struggled with how to apply the ruling, especially how to apply it beyond its immediate context of employment discrimination …

Should States Ban The Use Of Non-Positive Interventions In Special Education? Re-Examining Positive Behavior Supports Under The Idea, Elizabeth Shaver

Elizabeth Shaver

In the 1980s and 1990s, behavior analysts vigorously debated ethical concerns about the use of certain behavioral interventions to address severe behavior of disabled children. In 1997, while that debate was still ongoing, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was amended to require educators to consider the use of “positive behavioral interventions and supports,” among other strategies, to address problem behavior that impedes a disabled child’s learning. Since 1997, the “positive behavioral interventions and supports” framework has shifted focus, but IDEA’s language essentially has stayed the same. In addition, some states have enacted poorly-worded statutes or regulations in order …

Home Sweet Home???: Fixing Group Homes For Human Beings Who Have Special Needs, Erik N. Weber

Erik N Weber

When I was five years old, doctors who evaluated me for my autism told my parents to put me in an institution for the rest of my life. The doctors saw no hope; they just saw me as something to be warehoused. My parents did put me in an institution, which was college. My lifelong pursuit to help others with special needs to be treated with dignity began when I went with a Christmas Carol choir to sing Carols at a state hospital (“institution”). I saw patients strapped to chairs; they were lethargic, drooling, and no staff were in the …

Surrogacy Leave And Eu Law: Case C 167/12, C.D. V S.T. And Case C 363/12, Z. V A Government Department, Judgements (Grand Chamber) Of 18 March 2014, Mel Cousins

Mel Cousins

Advances in reproductive technology have tended to outpace the capacity of legislators to respond to these changes, leading to difficult legal questions for the courts. Surrogacy is one particular area where advances in technology have led to many legal challenges and have highlighted the failure (in several jurisdictions) to enact appropriate legislation in response to technological developments and/or differing views about what is ‘appropriate’. Two recent cases before the European Court of Justice (CJEU) have raised the issues as to whether either EU secondary legislation (in particular the Pregnant Workers Directive 92/85/EEC and/or the Equal Treatment Directives 2006/54/EC and 2000/78/EC) …

Discrimination Cases In The Supreme Court’S 1998 Term, Eileen Kaufman

Eileen Kaufman

In the Supreme Court's 1997 Term, the Supreme Court had decided a record number of statutory discrimination cases. However, that record was exceeded in the Supreme Court's 1998 Term with the Court addressing issues arising under Title VII, which covers discrimination in employment; Title IX, which covers discrimination in schools; and most significantly, the Americans with Disabilities Act, which prohibits discrimination based on disability. Overall, the term scored significant victories for employers who were given considerable latitude to set their own physical characteristic standards and who were, to a large extent, immunized from liability for punitive damages. There was an …

The Gross Confusion Deep In The Heart Of Univ. Of Texas S.W. Med. Center V. Nassar, Brian S. Clarke

Brian S. Clarke

This essay addresses a fundamental issue underlying the Supreme Court’s consideration of Univ. of Texas S.W. Med. Center v. Nassar, namely the parameters of the factual causation standard applicable in disparate treatment cases. This essay also addresses a previously unrecognized area of agreement between the plurality and dissent in Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins that can resolve the factual causation issue underlying Nassar.

The Court’s most recent pronouncement on this issue, in Gross v. FBL Financial Services, has led to confusion as defendants and courts have interpreted Gross to require sole factual causation for the plaintiff to prevail. Yet, sole causation …

Mobility Allowance And The Law, Mel Cousins

Mel Cousins

The Irish government has recently announced the abolition of the mobility allowance and motorised transport grant. It appears that this decision was heavily influenced by the Government’s view that ‘the schemes are illegal in the context of the Equal Status Acts’. Although the reform options considered and legal advice received have not been specified, the impression has been created that reform would be very complex and that it would be impossible to reform the existing scheme to make it legally compliant without a major increase in its budget. This note discuses the legal issues concerning the operation of the mobility …