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Section By Section Commentary On The Tpp Final Ip Chapter Published 5 November 2015 – Part 3 - Enforcement, Kimberlee G. Weatherall Oct 2015

Section By Section Commentary On The Tpp Final Ip Chapter Published 5 November 2015 – Part 3 - Enforcement, Kimberlee G. Weatherall

Kimberlee G Weatherall

This note comments on the TPP IP enforcement provisions (final text). It also compares each provision to multilateral and bilateral treaties. The material here is necessarily preliminary and does not purport to be complete. It is published on the basis that it may assist others’ analysis and commentary. Note: version 0.1 adds fn 1 reference to Bridy on ISP safe harbors.


The Relational Contingency Of Rights, Alex Stein, Gideon Parchomovsky Dec 2011

The Relational Contingency Of Rights, Alex Stein, Gideon Parchomovsky

Alex Stein

In this Article, we demonstrate, contrary to conventional wisdom, that all rights are relationally contingent. Our main thesis is that rights afford their holders meaningful protection only against challengers who face higher litigation costs than the rightholder. Contrariwise, challengers who can litigate more cheaply than a rightholder can force the rightholder to forfeit the right and thereby render the right ineffective. Consequently, in the real world, rights avail only against certain challengers but not others. This result is robust and pervasive. Furthermore, it obtains irrespectively of how rights and other legal entitlements are defined by the legislator or construed by …


Requirements Of A Valid Islamic Marriage Vis-À-Vis Requirements Of A Valid Customary Marriage In Nigeria, Olanike Sekinat Odewale Mrs Dec 2010

Requirements Of A Valid Islamic Marriage Vis-À-Vis Requirements Of A Valid Customary Marriage In Nigeria, Olanike Sekinat Odewale Mrs

Olanike Sekinat Adelakun

Marriage is a universal institution which is recognized and respected all over the world. As a social institution, marriage is founded on and governed by the social and religious norms of the society. Consequently, the sanctity of marriage is a well accepted principle in the world community .
Marriage could either be monogamous or polygamous in nature. A monogamous marriage has bee described as ‘…the voluntary union for life of one man and one woman to the exclusion of all others’ . A polygamous marriage on the other hand can be defined as a voluntary union for life of one …