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Articles 1 - 30 of 60
Full-Text Articles in Criminal Law
Moving Beyond Miranda: Concessions For Confessions, Scott Howe
Moving Beyond Miranda: Concessions For Confessions, Scott Howe
Scott W. Howe
Abstract: The law governing police interrogation provides perverse incentives. For criminal suspects, the law rewards obstruction and concealment. For police officers, it honors deceit and psychological aggression. For the courts and the rest of us, it encourages blindness and rationalization. This Article contends that the law could help foster better behaviors. The law could incentivize criminals to confess without police trickery and oppression. It could motivate police officers involved in obtaining suspect statements to avoid chicanery and duress. And, it could summon courts and the rest of us to speak more truthfully about whether suspect admissions are the product of …
Unsettled Legacy: Thirty Years Of Criminal Justice Under The Charter, Benjamin Berger, James Stribopoulos
Unsettled Legacy: Thirty Years Of Criminal Justice Under The Charter, Benjamin Berger, James Stribopoulos
Benjamin L Berger
After thirty years, what effect has the Charter had on the justness of the Canadian criminal justice system? This thought-provoking collection of essays by a group of leading criminal law scholars explores that very question, critically examining the ways in which the Charter has shaped Canadian criminal law and its administration. Edited by Professors Benjamin L. Berger and James Stribopoulos of Osgoode Hall Law School, these essays offer insight into every facet of the Charter's influence over how crimes are defined, investigated and prosecuted. The result is an invaluable resource for scholars, practitioners and judges interested in criminal justice in …
The Search And Seizure Of Private Papers: Fourth And Fifth Amendment Considerations, Steven Shiffrin
The Search And Seizure Of Private Papers: Fourth And Fifth Amendment Considerations, Steven Shiffrin
Steven H. Shiffrin
There is a recognizable factual distinction between the search and seizure of private papers and the search and seizure of non-documentary items. It is difficult, however, to decide when such a distinction should assume constitutional dimensions. Specifically, are there circumstances under which private papers should be immune from search and seizure? In a 1967 landmark case, Warden v. Hayden, the United States Supreme Court raised doubts concerning the continued validity of decades of settled law on this important issue. Warden's reopening of this problem aroused the curiosity of commentators, spurred new policy arguments in the American Law Institute, divided the …
Shredded Fish Redux, Robert Sanger
Shredded Fish Redux, Robert Sanger
Robert M. Sanger
The Yates case, in which certiorari had been granted to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit had been discussed in a previous column of Criminal Justice. The article was entitled “Shredded Fish” because the sea captain in Yates was prosecuted under the document shredding provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for destroying fish. That case has now been decided by the United States Supreme Court in Yates v. United States, on February 25, 2015. The case involves the rule of lenity as well as a discussion of overcriminalization.
Confronting Cops In Immigration Court, Mary Holper
Confronting Cops In Immigration Court, Mary Holper
Mary Holper
The Perilous Psychology Of Public Defending, Scott Howe
The Perilous Psychology Of Public Defending, Scott Howe
Scott W. Howe
This article examining the ethical challenges confronting most public defender attorneys is framed as a fictional talk presented by P.D. Atty, a former public defender attorney, at a small conference of new public defender attorneys. The presentation asserts that public defenders typically face psychological obstacles to providing zealous advocacy for all of their clients and that an essential aspect of the remedy starts with recognition of these psychological barriers. The author contends that these challenges relate to a typically unacknowledged aversion to representing certain kinds of criminal defendants. Contrary to common supposition, the strongest aversion is not to representation of …
The Pressure Is On—Criminal Defense Counsel Strategies After Padilla V. Kentucky, Bill Hing
The Pressure Is On—Criminal Defense Counsel Strategies After Padilla V. Kentucky, Bill Hing
Bill Ong Hing
The Supreme Court’s message to criminal defense attorneys in Padilla v. Kentucky was clear: when there is a risk of deportation, defense counsel has a constitutional duty to inform an immigrant defendant of the potential for deportation or adverse immigration consequences prior to pleading guilty. In my view, this constitutional duty places tremendous pressure on defense counsel to do more than advise, because once advised, the client very naturally may want to know what options are available other than going to trial. Rather than simply focusing on how to minimize the time of incarceration for the client under a particular …
The Implications Of Incorporating The Eighth Amendment Prohibition On Excessive Bail, Scott Howe
The Implications Of Incorporating The Eighth Amendment Prohibition On Excessive Bail, Scott Howe
Scott W. Howe
In its opinion in McDonald v. City of Chicago, 130 S.Ct. 3020 (2010), concerning the incorporation of the Second Amendment, the Supreme Court included a footnote that listed the Eighth Amendment prohibition on excessive bail as one of the incorporated Bill of Rights protections. Oddly, the Court had never incorporated the bail clause or even explained what protections it conferred. While strange, these circumstances provide a rare opportunity to reason backward from incorporation to the meaning of the incorporated provision. And by pursuing those backward implications, the paper offers novel arguments about the proper understanding of the bail clause.
I …
Deselecting Biased Juries, Scott W. Howe
Deselecting Biased Juries, Scott W. Howe
Scott W. Howe
Critics of peremptory-challenge systems commonly contend that they inevitably inflict “inequality harm” on many excused persons and should be abolished. Ironically, the Supreme Court fueled this argument with its decision in Batson v. Kentucky by raising and endorsing the inequality claim sua sponte and then purporting to solve it with an approach that preserved peremptories. This Article shows, however, that the central problem is something other than inequality harm to excused persons. The central problem is the harm to disadvantaged litigants when their opponents use peremptories to secure a one-sided jury. This problem can arise often—whenever a venire is slanted …
Unwell: Indiana V. Edwards And The Plight Of Mentally Ill Pro Se Defendants, John Blume, Morgan Clark
Unwell: Indiana V. Edwards And The Plight Of Mentally Ill Pro Se Defendants, John Blume, Morgan Clark
John H. Blume
Is It Admissible?: Tips For Criminal Defense Attorneys On Assessing The Admissibility Of A Criminal Defendant's Statements, Part One, John Blume, Emily Paavola
Is It Admissible?: Tips For Criminal Defense Attorneys On Assessing The Admissibility Of A Criminal Defendant's Statements, Part One, John Blume, Emily Paavola
John H. Blume
This article addresses the Fifth Amendment issues to be considered when analyzing the admissibility of a criminal defendant's out-of-court statements.
Rethinking Proportionality Under The Cruel And Unusual Punishments Clause, John Stinneford
Rethinking Proportionality Under The Cruel And Unusual Punishments Clause, John Stinneford
John F. Stinneford
Although a century has passed since the Supreme Court started reviewing criminal punishments for excessiveness under the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause, this area of doctrine remains highly problematic. The Court has never answered the claim that proportionality review is illegitimate in light of the Eighth Amendment’s original meaning. The Court has also adopted an ever-shifting definition of excessiveness, making the very concept of proportionality incoherent. Finally, the Court’s method of measuring proportionality is unreliable and self contradictory. As a result, a controlling plurality of the Court has insisted that proportionality review be limited to a narrow class of cases. …
Juvenile Offenders: Life Without Parole (Lwop), Term Of Years And A Reasonable Opportunity For Release, Robert Sanger
Juvenile Offenders: Life Without Parole (Lwop), Term Of Years And A Reasonable Opportunity For Release, Robert Sanger
Robert M. Sanger
A juvenile offender (a person who committed an offense before the age of 18 years) can be tried as an adult and will be subject to adult punishments, with some restrictions. Juveniles cannot be executed and they cannot be mandatorily confined to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. Justice Kagen of the United States Supreme Court stated for a majority of the Court in Miller v. Alabama, that a mandatory life sentence for a juvenile violates the 8th and 14th Amendments to the United States Constitution. In other words, life without hope should be unconstitutional for juveniles.
Prosecutors have …
The Federal Death Penalty And The Constitutionality Of Capital Punishment, Scott W. Howe
The Federal Death Penalty And The Constitutionality Of Capital Punishment, Scott W. Howe
Scott W. Howe
The federal death penalty results in few executions but is central to the larger story of capital punishment in the United States. The explanation for its importance lies with its role in resolving the permissible uses of the death penalty under the Eighth Amendment. In the last decade, federal statutes governing the federal death penalty seem to have exerted outsize influence with the Court in its development of “proportionality” doctrine, the rules by which the Justices confine the use of capital punishment under the Constitution. In rejecting capital punishment for retarded offenders, juvenile offenders and child rapists, the Court in …
Immigration Policing And Federalism Through The Lens Of Technology, Surveillance, And Privacy, Anil Kalhan
Immigration Policing And Federalism Through The Lens Of Technology, Surveillance, And Privacy, Anil Kalhan
Anil Kalhan
With the deployment of technology, federal programs to enlist state and local police assistance with immigration enforcement are undergoing a sea change. For example, even as it forcefully has urged invalidation of Arizona’s S.B. 1070 and similar state laws, the Obama administration has presided over the largest expansion of state and local immigration policing in U.S. history with its implementation of the “Secure Communities” program, which integrates immigration and criminal history database systems in order to automatically ascertain the immigration status of every individual who is arrested and booked by state and local police nationwide. By 2012, over one fifth …
Recent Landmark Criminal Law Decisions Of The Supreme Court: The Jurisprudence Of The Supreme Court: Fair Trial, Juvenile Justice, The Death Penalty, And The Right To Counsel, Richard Klein
Richard Daniel Klein
The Supreme Court has recently adjudicated some crucial issues regarding criminal matters and constitutional jurisprudence. The Court expanded the constitutional authority vested in Congress, provided defendants with constitutional remedies and protections, indicated that even a substantial amount of publicity surrounding a trial does not warrant a change of venue, left defense attorneys in awe of their new-found obligations, and settled important divisions among the U.S. circuit courts of appeal. Skilling v. U.S. revealed that a change of venue based on a claim of a tainted jury pool presents a difficult, if not impossible task, for criminal defendants. Padilla expanded the …
A Criminal Quartet: The Supreme Court's Resolution Of Four Critical Issues In The Criminal Justice System, Richard Klein
A Criminal Quartet: The Supreme Court's Resolution Of Four Critical Issues In The Criminal Justice System, Richard Klein
Richard Daniel Klein
No abstract provided.
The Odyssey Of The United States Road To Torture-How Did The United States Become A Waterboarder?, Robert Bloom
The Odyssey Of The United States Road To Torture-How Did The United States Become A Waterboarder?, Robert Bloom
Robert Bloom
United States after 9/11 decided to ignore various international laws and engaged in torture. Talk focused on how a democratic nation with high moral values could engage in such activity
"Automobile Searches." Chapter 4d, 4d-1– 4d-62, "Suppression Of Illegally Obtained Evidence: Pretext Searches." Chapter 83, 83-1 - 83-18, Robert Bloom
Robert Bloom
No abstract provided.
Terry V.Ohio, Massiah V. United States, And Zurcher V. Stanford Daily, Robert Bloom
Terry V.Ohio, Massiah V. United States, And Zurcher V. Stanford Daily, Robert Bloom
Robert Bloom
No abstract provided.
Warrant Requirement -- The Burger Court Approach, Robert Bloom
Warrant Requirement -- The Burger Court Approach, Robert Bloom
Robert Bloom
No abstract provided.
Searches, Seizures, And Warrants: A Reference Guide To The United States Constitution, Robert Bloom
Searches, Seizures, And Warrants: A Reference Guide To The United States Constitution, Robert Bloom
Robert Bloom
No abstract provided.
Criminal Procedure: Examples And Explanations, Robert Bloom, Mark Brodin
Criminal Procedure: Examples And Explanations, Robert Bloom, Mark Brodin
Robert Bloom
No abstract provided.
Criminal Procedure: Examples And Expanations, Robert Bloom, Mark Brodin
Criminal Procedure: Examples And Expanations, Robert Bloom, Mark Brodin
Robert Bloom
No abstract provided.
The Story Of Pottawatomie County V. Lindsay Earls: Drug Testing In The Public Schools, Robert Bloom
The Story Of Pottawatomie County V. Lindsay Earls: Drug Testing In The Public Schools, Robert Bloom
Robert Bloom
No abstract provided.
"Commencement Of Action." Chapter 3 (Co-Authored With Daniel R. Coquillette) 3-1–3-34, "Time." Chapter 6, 6-1– 6-143, "Applicability In General." Chapter 81, 81-1–81-40, Robert Bloom
Robert Bloom
No abstract provided.
Ratting: The Use And Abuse Of Informants In The American Justice System, Robert Bloom
Ratting: The Use And Abuse Of Informants In The American Justice System, Robert Bloom
Robert Bloom
No abstract provided.
Inevitable Discovery: An Exception Beyond The Fruits, Robert Bloom
Inevitable Discovery: An Exception Beyond The Fruits, Robert Bloom
Robert Bloom
No abstract provided.
Criminal Procedure: The Constitution And The Police, Examples And Explanations, Robert Bloom, Mark Brodin
Criminal Procedure: The Constitution And The Police, Examples And Explanations, Robert Bloom, Mark Brodin
Robert Bloom
No abstract provided.
Jury Trial In Japan, Robert Bloom