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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Comparative and Foreign Law
Roman Law And The Armenian Draft Civil Code, Alan Watson
Roman Law And The Armenian Draft Civil Code, Alan Watson
Popular Media
Professor Watson served along with other eminent scholars as a consultant to the drafters of the Armenian Code. This article is condensed from his book: Ancient Law and Modern Understanding: At the Edges.
Curses, Oaths, Ordeals And Tials Of Animals, Alan Watson
Curses, Oaths, Ordeals And Tials Of Animals, Alan Watson
Scholarly Works
To the outsider, a foreign legal system may at times appear irrational, with a belief in the efficacy, usually with supernatural assistance, of curses, oaths and ordeals, and that animals may properly be punished, even restrained from anti-human behaviour, after a criminal trial. But caution must be exercised. There may be little real belief that the deity will intervene-for instance, that the ordeal will reveal guilt or innocence. Rather, the society may be faced with an intolerable problem, with no reasonable solution, and the participants may resort to extraordinary legal measures as a "Last Best Chance", or "The Second Best". …
Hearsay Evidence: A Comparison Of Two Jurisdictions: United States And Nigeria, Lawrence Okechukwu Azubuike
Hearsay Evidence: A Comparison Of Two Jurisdictions: United States And Nigeria, Lawrence Okechukwu Azubuike
LLM Theses and Essays
Many jurisdictions have detailed rules of evidence which regulate the facts that are admissible in court. The hearsay rule is one such rule which excludes certain evidence. The hearsay rule has roots in an old common law principle and is featured in many jurisdictions today, but has endured heavy criticisms over time. This paper examines the application of the hearsay rule in the United States and in Nigeria. Both are common law countries, however, the United States’ legal system is more advanced than that of Nigeria. This comparison aims to inform and assist current reform efforts in Nigeria.
International Human Rights Standards On Sexual Violence Against Women As They Apply To Pornography, Claudia Giunta
International Human Rights Standards On Sexual Violence Against Women As They Apply To Pornography, Claudia Giunta
LLM Theses and Essays
The United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women was held in Beijing in September 1995, and represented an important step towards the achievement of equality for women. At the Conference, the progress made towards equality was acknowledged, but it was also acknowledged that many goals have not been achieved yet, and that cultural changes of fundamental importance remain to be made. Indeed, in many countries the cultural approach to violence and discrimination against women is quite fatalistic; they believe violence against women cannot be solved by laws. However, this approach overlooks the role played by societies in tolerating practices of …
Are Tuna And Dolphins The Same? A Rule Of Reason Approach To Resolve The Trade And Environment Conflict, Anantha K. Paruthipattu
Are Tuna And Dolphins The Same? A Rule Of Reason Approach To Resolve The Trade And Environment Conflict, Anantha K. Paruthipattu
LLM Theses and Essays
Trade and environment are both primary values in an ecologically and economically interdependent world; unleashing trade without regard to environmental impact is as detrimental as guarding the environment at the expense of trade and development. Tuna and dolphins have come to symbolize the policy struggle between trade and environment. In early 1990, the United States banned the import of tuna from Mexico and other countries that were fishing in a manner that damaged dolphins in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean. Mexico challenged this ban before a GATT Panel, which ruled against the United States and held that the tuna ban …
Fair Use In American And Continental Laws, Omar M.A. Obeidat
Fair Use In American And Continental Laws, Omar M.A. Obeidat
LLM Theses and Essays
Intellectual property, unlike tangible property, does not exclusively occupy one place at a designated time. Instead, intellectual property is composed of information which can be reproduced or used in multiple places at any given time. This fundamental difference between intellectual and tangible property is reflected in the legal provisions that regulate these types of property. There are two dominant theories that justify the legal protection of intellectual property: the individualistic European approach, and the commercial Anglo-American approach. Under the European approach, the protection of the creation is a natural right guaranteed to the author. In other words, natural law guarantees …
Central Banks As Regulators And Supervisors Of The Financial System; Parallel Between The American Federal Reserve System And The Colombian Bank Of The Republic, Ricardo Mauricio Rosillo
Central Banks As Regulators And Supervisors Of The Financial System; Parallel Between The American Federal Reserve System And The Colombian Bank Of The Republic, Ricardo Mauricio Rosillo
LLM Theses and Essays
The first part of this thesis will focus on the origin and legal nature of the American Federal Reserve System established by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 and Colombia's Bank of the Republic. Next, I will offer a deep study of the structure of the Federal Reserve System, concentrating on institutions like the Board of Governors, the Federal Reserve Bank, the Federal Open Market Committee, and member banks. The author also describes and analyzes Colombia's Bank of the Republic, placing emphasis on the reforms introduced by the new Constitution. In Chapter IV the main faculties, functions, and operations undertaken …
Reorganization A Comparative Study Of Reorganization In Denmark And In The United States, Poul Jagd Mogensen
Reorganization A Comparative Study Of Reorganization In Denmark And In The United States, Poul Jagd Mogensen
LLM Theses and Essays
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and discuss a list of specific problems in the current Danish system and in this analysis to examine how these problems are dealt with under the United States laws on reorganization. The thesis consists of five parts in addition to this Introduction. Part II is an introduction to the laws on reorganization in Denmark and in the United States. Part II also includes a brief introduction to out-of-court workouts as an alternative to reorganization under the bankruptcy laws. Part III provides statistical information on the number of reorganizations, the outcome of reorganizations, …
Developing A National Coastal Zone Management Program For Venezuela, Marisol Salazar
Developing A National Coastal Zone Management Program For Venezuela, Marisol Salazar
LLM Theses and Essays
The primary focus of this study is to develop a National Coastal Zone Management Program for Venezuela, a moderate, comprehensive, and an effective long-term program which allows the development and protection of the Venezuelan Coastal Zone now and in the future. This program must comply with the actual Venezuelan environmental laws and its administrative mechanisms. Also, it must help to control ecological, economic, commercial, social, and human pressures on the Venezuelan coastal area. The design of this project will be based on an analysis of the extensive experience of the U.S.A. coastal states under the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA); …
Double Taxation - Treatment Of Corporate Earnings Under American And German Law, Roland Schmidt
Double Taxation - Treatment Of Corporate Earnings Under American And German Law, Roland Schmidt
LLM Theses and Essays
This thesis is going to describe the different ways the United States and Germany deal with the problem of double taxation in the legal context of corporate distributions to its shareholders in the form of dividends. Tax law is particularly one of the areas of laws that are subject to frequent and often substantial changes. This is true for the German as well as for the U.S. tax laws. Since some of the issues being discussed in the United States today in connection with the corporate tax law are similar if not identical to the issues discussed in Germany before …
Securities Market And Securities Regulations In China, Fengxia Dai
Securities Market And Securities Regulations In China, Fengxia Dai
LLM Theses and Essays
China is a large developing country with a socialist ideology that is currently undergoing a period of reform and transformation. In December 1990, China opened its first national securities market - the Shanghai Securities Exchange. This was soon followed in November 1991 by the first special shares denominated in foreign currencies and sold only to overseas investors. These important steps in the development of China’s securities industry indicate commitment by Chinese authorities to the two key components of the nation’s economic reform program - economic systemic reform, and opening to the outside world. China’s securities market and securities regulations contain …
Restitution Regimes In Post-Communist Eastern Europe: A Legal Analysis, Sophia Von Rundstedt
Restitution Regimes In Post-Communist Eastern Europe: A Legal Analysis, Sophia Von Rundstedt
LLM Theses and Essays
When the Communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe collapsed at the end of the last decade, the opposition, which had been united in their goal to defeat Communism, quickly disintegrated into a variety of factions. One of their tasks was to decide on enacting a constitution, in order to stabilize and entrench the new democratic institutions. Apart from establishing the legal framework for democracy, politicians had to develop strategies to convert the state-run economy into a free-market economy. Such a transition required as a first step the privatization of state property. Legal reform of property rights raises the question: …
International Jurisdiction In Products Liability Cases (Analysis Of Asahi And Post-Asahi Cases), Tsutomu Kuribayashi
International Jurisdiction In Products Liability Cases (Analysis Of Asahi And Post-Asahi Cases), Tsutomu Kuribayashi
LLM Theses and Essays
With the increase of foreign trade, there has also been an increase in the number of foreign manufacturers and distributors involved in product liability litigation in the United States. In many cases, the products from these foreign manufacturers and distributors reach the forum states through the stream of commerce, and are distributed to the customers by regional distributors, wholesalers, and retailers. Therefore, in many product liability cases where defective products from these foreign manufacturers and distributors cause injuries to people in the United States, those foreign companies do not have a direct relationship with the forum states. In these cases, …
Judicial Review As A Tool For The Safeguard Of Human Rights: Prospects And Problems Of The U.S. Model In Malawi, Janet Laura Banda
Judicial Review As A Tool For The Safeguard Of Human Rights: Prospects And Problems Of The U.S. Model In Malawi, Janet Laura Banda
LLM Theses and Essays
Judicial review is a judicial action that involves the review of an inferior legislative or executive act for conformity with a higher legal norm, with the possibility that the inferior norm may be invalidated or suspended if necessary. Although judicial review has been explicitly provided for in some written post-independence African constitutions, such review has not developed into a significant principle of African juridical democracy. This lack of development can be attributed to the emergence of dictatorships in the post-colonial era. However, Malawi’s weak judiciary system was remedied by the 1994 Constitution which gave the Malawian judiciary a central position, …
Dumping And Anti-Dumping In International Trade Origins, Legal Nature, And Evolution Developments In Brazil And In The United States, Luiz Claudio Duarte
Dumping And Anti-Dumping In International Trade Origins, Legal Nature, And Evolution Developments In Brazil And In The United States, Luiz Claudio Duarte
LLM Theses and Essays
Dumping is when an exporting country sells their goods in the foreign market for less than the price of the goods in their own domestic market. Dumping has a negative connotation because it threatens domestic industries in the importing country. In response to harmful dumping situations, mechanisms of defense have been developed to protect nations from unfair trade practices. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) recognizes in Article VI anti-dumping tariffs as a legitimate defense to protect domestic industries from foreign predatory pricing practices. This paper focuses on anti-dumping developments in international trade since the beginning of the …
The Issue Of The Legal Validity Of Using Economic Sanctions To Enforce Human Rights, Thomas Hailu
The Issue Of The Legal Validity Of Using Economic Sanctions To Enforce Human Rights, Thomas Hailu
LLM Theses and Essays
The international legal regime as it pertains to human rights is neither as established nor as definitive as it appears. It suffers from many disadvantages, the first and most important of which is the fact that the international legal regime has never been capable of effectively enforcing its rules or instituting appropriate remedies for its breaches. Some states have attempted to make up for this inability on behalf of international law by undertaking an enforcement mechanism either unilaterally or multilaterally; economic sanctions are often regarded as valuable tools of enforcement to be used against countries which are allegedly engaged in …
Legal Aspect And Problems In International American Franchise Transaction In Indonesia, Veronika
Legal Aspect And Problems In International American Franchise Transaction In Indonesia, Veronika
LLM Theses and Essays
The Republic of Indonesia, a country in Southeast Asia, faced serious economic problems in 1966, the total debt was (U.S.) $2.3 billion and exceeded export earnings. The government encourages the private sector to take part in this economic development since the government itself faced a scarcity of fund. The government has tried to attract private investment either domestic or foreign investor by launching the deregulation program. The purpose of this thesis is to make an argument that Indonesian franchises need protection and that it is time now for the legislative body in Indonesia to enact a franchise law. The study …